Este trabalho analisa dois eventos bastante distintos (o Movimento das Diretas Já, no Brasil, em 1984, e a mobilização popular após o atentado de 11 de Março, na Espanha, em 2004) sob o ponto de vista das hipóteses de agendamento e espiral do silêncio. O objetivo é mostrar que, em casos muito especiais, é possível que o público legitime determinada reivindicação, reorganizando a esfera pública e forçando que tal reivindicação seja incorporada pelas agendas da mídia e do governo, em um processo que chamaremos de contra-agendamento. Para tanto, foram analisadas edições dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora, no caso brasileiro, e El Pais e El Mundo, no caso espanhol. / This paper examines two very different events (the campaign for direct elections, in Brazil, in 1984, and the manifestations after March 11th bombings in Madrid, in 2004) from agenda-stetting and spiral of silence points of view. The aim is to show that, under special occasions, it is possible that the public legitimates a certain demand, which is forced to be incorporated in the media and government agendas, in a process called social-setting. To do so, were analyzed issues from newspapers Folha de São Paulo, Zero Hora, El Pais and El Mundo.

Este trabalho analisa dois eventos bastante distintos (o Movimento das Diretas Já, no Brasil, em 1984, e a mobilização popular após o atentado de 11 de Março, na Espanha, em 2004) sob o ponto de vista das hipóteses de agendamento e espiral do silêncio. O objetivo é mostrar que, em casos muito especiais, é possível que o público legitime determinada reivindicação, reorganizando a esfera pública e forçando que tal reivindicação seja incorporada pelas agendas da mídia e do governo, em um processo que chamaremos de contra-agendamento. Para tanto, foram analisadas edições dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora, no caso brasileiro, e El Pais e El Mundo, no caso espanhol. / This paper examines two very different events (the campaign for direct elections, in Brazil, in 1984, and the manifestations after March 11th bombings in Madrid, in 2004) from agenda-stetting and spiral of silence points of view. The aim is to show that, under special occasions, it is possible that the public legitimates a certain demand, which is forced to be incorporated in the media and government agendas, in a process called social-setting. To do so, were analyzed issues from newspapers Folha de São Paulo, Zero Hora, El Pais and El Mundo.

Este trabalho analisa dois eventos bastante distintos (o Movimento das Diretas Já, no Brasil, em 1984, e a mobilização popular após o atentado de 11 de Março, na Espanha, em 2004) sob o ponto de vista das hipóteses de agendamento e espiral do silêncio. O objetivo é mostrar que, em casos muito especiais, é possível que o público legitime determinada reivindicação, reorganizando a esfera pública e forçando que tal reivindicação seja incorporada pelas agendas da mídia e do governo, em um processo que chamaremos de contra-agendamento. Para tanto, foram analisadas edições dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora, no caso brasileiro, e El Pais e El Mundo, no caso espanhol. / This paper examines two very different events (the campaign for direct elections, in Brazil, in 1984, and the manifestations after March 11th bombings in Madrid, in 2004) from agenda-stetting and spiral of silence points of view. The aim is to show that, under special occasions, it is possible that the public legitimates a certain demand, which is forced to be incorporated in the media and government agendas, in a process called social-setting. To do so, were analyzed issues from newspapers Folha de São Paulo, Zero Hora, El Pais and El Mundo.

No description available.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vilka diskurser som motiverar s.k. cancelkultur i ett givet fall. Cancelkultur saknar i skrivande stund en definition men använts som avbrott i stöd till följd av en persons problematiska uttalanden. Undersökningen har utförts genom en kvalitativ textanalys av ”JK Rowling’s Anti-Transgender Stance And Hogwarts Legacy” där särskilt fokus legat på att kritiskt analysera de diskurser som redan identifierats om cancelkultur i tidigare forskning. I den kvalitativa textanalysen identifierades cancelkulturens egenskaper ur materialet genom tolkande beskrivning för att sedan kontextualiseras och kritiskt analyseras i diskussionsavsnittet. De huvudsakliga data som framkom av materialet var att cancelkultur motiveras av maktobalans, vi och dem narrativ och avkontextualisering genom individualisering. Maktobalans visade sig vara den främsta faktorn som motiverade de diskurser som i övrigt togs upp i materialet vilket föranledde att särskilt fokus lades på att diskutera maktpositioner och tillhörande vanor utifrån materialet. Det visade sig i enighet med tidigare forskning att maktobalansen driver cancelkulturen då de som blir cancelled anses missbruka sina maktpositioner och möjligheten att ”cancela” någon ger möjlighet till marginaliserade grupper att tala ut mot de som antar problematiska vanor av makt. Materialets data diskuterades också utifrån uppfattningen om allmänåsikt i förhållande till viljan att tala ut för att undersöka om det fanns en koppling mellan cancelkulturen i det här fallet och viljan att tala ut mot transfobi. Diskussionen kom fram till att både transaktivister och anti-transaktivister antagligen uppfattade att de var i majoritet på grund av debattens polarisering och hade därför lika stor vilja att tala ut.

The thesis focuses on discussions under news articles shared by news servers on the social network Facebook. The aim of this work is to summarize the existing understanding of the topic. Therefore, theoretical concepts connected to the topic are summarized. The thesis focuses on communication, online communication and the presence of news servers on social networks, as well as on the topic of anonymity on social networks and how anonymity can affect discussions. A chapter of the thesis focuses on the spiral of silence and its possible occurrence in discussions. Further, the thesis focuses on the freedom of speech as well as the new ways social networks are trying to fight disinformation and hate online. The empirical part focuses on how Facebook users view the use of social networks by news servers. Another part of the thesis focuses on a group of volunteers called #jsmetu. This group tries to make sure discussions are factual and are free from personal attacks and vulgarity. Three discussions are analysed - discussions #jsmetu took part in. The thesis investigates the influence #jsmetu has on discussions. Due to the topic of the thesis being a very current one, the thesis suggests more areas for further research.

[pt] Esta pesquisa em comunicação política analisou o impacto das mídias digitais na opinião pública durante os protestos de 2019 em Hong Kong com base na hipótese da espiral do silêncio (Noelle-Neumann, 1974). Se trata de um estudo qualitativo e interpretativo que observa como os usuários participam das discussões políticas por meio das mídias sociais. A pesquisa procura analisar as opiniões e expressões em torno de o tema em estudado, privilegiando o estudo de caso e adotando métodos como a análise de enquadramentos e de conteúdo. Em concreto, questiona-se se nos protestos de 2019 em Hong Kong, ocorreu um fenômeno da espiral do silêncio nos debates sobre os protestos de 2019 em Hong Kong, nos comentários sobre as notícias postadas na página oficial no Facebook do South China Morning Post. Para responder à esta questão, este estudo analisou manualmente 76 notícias postadas pela fanpage e 2.000 comentários às mesmas. A teoria da Espiral do Silêncio afirma que pessoas que se reconhecem como minorias evitam expressar o que pensam publicamente, quando pensam que o clima de opinião da maioria é contrário às suas próprias opiniões. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que nos comentários da fanpage analisada, uma minoria de usuários tendeu a se autocensurar com o passar do tempo, confirmando a hipótese da espiral do silêncio, mas que após um certo período, voltou a expressar suas opiniões apesar de continuarem sendo uma minoria, o que evidencia uma espiral do silêncio intermitente no tempo, provavelmente motivada por fatores exógenos ao ambiente de discussão observado. A pesquisa visa contribuir para o avanço da discussão sobre participação política nas mídias sociais na atualidade, por meio do estudo do ambiente e do conteúdo midiático. O contexto do objeto da pesquisa é o do Projeto de Lei de Extradição de Hong Kong em 2019. Este estudo tem um significativo caráter inovador no Brasil, pois enriquece o repertório de pesquisas empíricas sobre os países asiáticos, ainda incipiente na comunicação política, fornecendo novos achados que incentivam futuras pesquisas em perspectiva comparada, utilizando teorias já consolidadas. / [en] This political communication research analyzed the impact of digital media on public opinion. This is a qualitative and interpretive study that observes how users participate in political discussions through social media. The survey aims to analyze the opinions and expressions surrounding the proposed theme, using case study as a research strategy, and adopting methods such as frame methods and qualitative content analysis. Starting from this concept, question are raised: In the 2019 Hong Kong protests, existed a Spiral of silence phenomenon on social media? This research has important scientific and innovative contributions. In order to understand these issue, based on the Spiral of silence hypothesis, this study manually analyzed 76 posts on the Facebook website of the South China Morning Post and 2,000 public comments. The development of the theory Spiral of silence (Noelle-Neumann, 1974) pointed out that people retain their opinions when they think that the climate of opinion is contrary to their own opinions, and this silence will increase over time. The analysis of this research shows that on the Facebook platform, a minority of opinion holders tend to retain their opinions, but as time goes by, a minority of determined people begin to express their opinions, which shows an intermittent Spiral of silence in time, probably motivated by factors exogenous to the observed discussion environment. The research aims to contribute to the advancement of the environment for public political participation on the current social media, through the study of the media environment and media content. The background of the research is the Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill movement. This special background has innovative significance, enriching empirical research on Eastern countries, and providing new ideas for non-campaigns political participation research.

No description available.

La thèse porte sur les effets de l’Internet sur la démocratie et la pratique de la citoyenneté, dans le contexte d’une civilisation marquée par une certaine apathie, où la télévision occupe une place centrale. Il s’agit d’interroger la pertinence des théories déterministes qui accordent aux nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication un pouvoir important de transformation de l’humain, soit dans le sens de son émancipation, soit dans celui de son aliénation. L’objectif de la recherche est de produire l’évaluation la plus réaliste possible de l’impact de l’Internet sur notre autonomie individuelle et collective. La thèse présente trois grands moments : dans le premier, les notions d’opinion publique, de démocratie et le rôle des médias traditionnels sont examinés à travers leurs fonctions latentes et manifestes, et révèlent une tension constante de l’humain entre son aspiration à la liberté et la nécessité du conformisme. Dans le deuxième moment, sont mis en évidence les différents effets possibles du web sur les citoyens, selon leurs pratiques ; nous voyons clairement se dessiner une coupure entre une minorité active, sur laquelle le web a des effets majeurs dans son rapport à l’information et à sa citoyenneté, et une majorité plus passive. Dans le troisième moment, nous décrivons l’activité d’un média citoyen, sorte d’utopie numérique pour les citoyens actifs. Cette thèse de philosophie emprunte aussi à d’autres disciplines comme l’histoire et la sociologie, et analyse précisément et concrètement certains phénomènes observés en ligne. / The thesis focuses on the effects of the Internet on democracy and the practice of citizenship in the context of a civilization marked by apathy, where television plays a central role. It is to question the relevance of deterministic theories that accord to new technologies of information and communication a significant power to transform the human is in the direction of emancipation, or in that of his alienation. The objective of the research is to produce the most realistic assessment of the impact of the Internet on our individual and collective autonomy.The thesis has three main stages: in the first, the concepts of public opinion, democracy and the role of traditional media are examined through their overt and latent functions, and reveal a constant tension between the human aspiration to the freedom and the need to conform. In the second time, are highlighted various possible effects of the web on citizens. According to their practices, we can clearly see emerge a partition between an active minority, on which the web has a major impact in his relation to the information and citizenship, and a more passive majority. In the third stage, we describe the activity of a citizen media, digital kind of utopia for active citizens.This thesis of philosophy also borrows from other disciplines such as history and sociology, and analyzes some specific and concrete phenomena online.

社群網站使用者不分年齡，幾乎沒有人不在這虛擬社交的浪潮上。儘管如此， 社群網站的交往卻不如現實般，社群中的絕大多數的內容是由少數發言者貢獻， 從來不發言的潛水者則佔了使用者基數的大部分。 本研究使用沈默螺旋理論的意見一致性概念與多種潛水動機作連接，藉此探 討發言者言論如何影響潛水者的動機選擇以及潛水行為表現。除此外，本研究藉 由同時使用社群聆聽技術和調查法作為研究方法，試圖以主、客觀區分兩種方法 並比較各自的益處和限制，也對社群聆聽技術只能使用發言者言論作為分析資料 來源的先天限制做出初步探討。 本研究收集到 599 份有效問卷和 285 篇社群網站文章，研究結果發現害怕被 孤立、社會性散漫兩種潛水動機完全中介了意見一致性對潛水行為的效果。主、 客觀研究方法的測量結果顯著相關，且對潛水動機之中介效果有相同預測能力。 / It is hard to find one had no experience using social networks in any age ranges. However, most of social network members are lurkers who barely post or comment to express their opinion. On the other hand, little regular posters contribute most content in every virtual society. This study used the concept of opinion congruency in spiral of silence theory to link up multiple lurking motives found by past studies in order to clarify how posters’ texts influence lurking motives and behavior. Besides, for the purpose of comparing pros and cons between social listening and survey, this study adopted both research methods to measure major opinion in discussion threads wherea seprated the two methods into subjective and objective ones. Also, this study would have preliminary discuss about the fact of limited analytical source of social listening. Collected 599 valid surveys and 285 social network discuss thread text, the result found that opinion congruency negatively influenced both lurking motives which positively influenced lurking behavior. The result also found that the subjective and objective research methods in this study were significantly related, and shared same predictive ability on both lurking motives’ mediated effect.