For over a decade, the Saudi government has been actively promoting a privatisation strategy for Saudi sport clubs as part of ongoing wider policies aimed at stimulating the national economy through the privatisation of various economic sectors. Other ‘declared’ underlying objectives of the privatisation plan include reducing direct government spending, diversifying sources of income and increasing efficiency through greater involvement of the private sector. However, despite multi-millions of investments and years of political rhetoric, the progress made to-date has been very limited. This study adopts a theoretical framework based on the three key domains of strategising (i.e. the 3Ps) (e.g. Whittington, 2006; Jarzabkowski and Spee, 2009). Strategising differs from conventional strategy in that it regards strategy work as a pattern in a stream of goal-directed activity (Johnson, Melin, & Whittington, 2003; Jarzabkowski, 2005; Whittington, 2006). The deployment of the strategy-as-practice research agenda is recent and limited in sport management research, and empirical type of studies are noticeably scant. Hence, this study addresses part of this existing gap. On a practical level, the study puts forward policy recommendations towards enhanced understanding of strategising dynamics within sport organisations. Through holistic, embedded multiple-case study research design, comprising a sample of eighteen case studies, this study addresses the relationship between strategy and strategising through all phases of the strategy journey. In particular, the study aims to reveal how strategising practices are manifested in the strategising work around the privatisation of Saudi sport clubs and evaluate the various strategising actors’ roles at macro, meso and micro levels. The main findings are reported along two broad levels, firstly in terms of the three domains of strategising, and secondly with regards to the key patterns of strategising. Consistent with the predictions of theoretical framework, overall findings provide strong evidence for the key role played by the 3Ps and their strong interconnectedness within the overall dynamics of the strategising activity system. The second level of findings documents the dominance of the procedural type of strategising, which is mainly enacted through the widespread use of long-established formal administrative practices that came to typify centralised policymaking in Saudi Arabia. These findings are not surprising and are entirely consistent with existing evidence (for example, Jarzabkowski, 2003; Whittington, 2003) when considering the high levels of ‘embeddedness’ and ‘persistence’ of this type of strategising within the wider functioning and organisational culture of these entities. Hence, various facets of this prevailing situation could be seen as a the major obstacle in the face of any attempt to successfully introduce new ways of organising and strategising within the Saudi sport sector in general, and the sport club privatisation policy in particular.

This thesis deals with problems of non-profit organizations of sport having a form of civil associations. The thesis outlines a support of sport in the acquis communautaire and legislation of the Czech Republic and predicates possibilities of the financial sources of the civil associations applied in the sport. At the conclusion, the thesis is given to an accounting and tax specifications of sports clubs.

The purpose of this study is to examine how elite sports clubs and broad sports clubs inSweden, have been affected and managed the covid-19 pandemic. Also to do a comparative study in how broad-versus-elite sports clubs have been affected and handled the pandemic. The empirics were collected with the help from eight qualitative, semi-structured, digital interviews with various high-ranking people in eight different sports clubs. The essay is based on three different theories and models, namely Pettigrews model, the contingency theory and the situation-adapted leadership.  The study shows a number of differences in how broad-versus-elite sports clubs have been affected and handled the pandemic. Elite sports clubs have been allowed to carry out their activities to a greater extent than the broad sports clubs. Financially, the broad sports clubs have performed better than the elite sports clubs. The motivation among the employees has been lower among the broad sports clubs during the pandemic. The management of the pandemic´s various effects has mainly been handled through an increased digitization process.  In summary, it is possible to distinguish that the broad and elite sports clubs have been affected and handled the pandemic and the restrictions in different ways. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur elitidrottsklubbar och breddidrottsklubbar i Sverige, har påverkats och hanterat covid-19 pandemin. Samt att göra en komparativ studie i hur bredd- kontra elitidrottsklubbarna har påverkats och hanterat covid-19 pandemin. Empirin samlades in med hjälp av åtta stycken kvalitativa, semi-strukturerade och digitala intervjuer med diverse högt uppsatta personer i åtta olika idrottsklubbar.  Uppsatsen utgick ifrån tre olika teorier och modeller, nämligen Pettigrews modell, kontingensteorin och det situationsanpassade ledarskapet.  Studie visar på ett antal skillnader i hur bredd- kontra elitidrottsklubbarna har påverkats och hanterat pandemin. Elitidrottsklubbarna har fått utöva sin verksamhet i större utsträckning än breddidrottsklubbarna. Ekonomiskt har breddidrottsklubbarna klarat sig bättre än elitidrottsklubbarna. Motivationen bland medarbetarna har varit lägre hos breddidrottsklubbarna under pandemin. Hantering av pandemins olika effekter har främst hanterats via en ökad digitaliseringsprocess.  Sammanfattningsvis går det att urskilja att bredd- och elitidrottsklubbarna har påverkats och hanterat covid-19 pandemin och restriktionerna på olika sätt.

Title: Sports opportunities in Benešov and its vicinity Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to assess and analyse the sports opportunities in Benešov and its vicinity and to propose, on the basis of the obtained results, certain changes that could improve the current situation. Methods: The thesis uses primarily the analytical method of research. The method was applied in analysing the local sports grounds, sports facilities and sports clubs. In order to gain vital information from the inhabitants of Benešov, a set of interviews was also used. Furthermore, the SWOT analysis was applied as a means of obtaining a clearer assessment of the local sports environment. Results: The local sports situation has been assessed and analysed. The local sports grounds, sports facilities and sports clubs have been analysed. Opinions of the local inhabitants have also been gained by means of a set of interviews. On the basis of obtained information and opinions, various recommendations for improving the current situation have been created. These recommendations are aimed both at the municipality of Benešov and at private entities and sports clubs. It was established that the inhabitants of the town are largely content with the sports opportunities in Benešov, the major problem can be seen in their...

The thesis deals with the selfhoods of the economics of professional sports clubs. Theoretical part shows the transition from traditional to contemporary professional sports financing with focusing on differences between european and american model. European union's attitude towards the problematics of professional sport is presented as well. Practital part of the thesis looks over the economics of professional football clubs in Europe. Revenues, expenditures and financing of the clubs are all examined in this part. Finally, thesis analyzes the potential threats to football clubs and provides with suggested regulatory actions.

O grande interesse dos países em atingir o sucesso esportivo vem aumentando cada vez mais o número de pesquisas em torno desse tema. O termo \'sucesso\' está relacionado principalmente ao desempenho dos atletas em competições internacionais. Um dos fatores fundamentais que pode contribuir para os atletas alcançarem o sucesso no ambiente esportivo e atingir uma carreira profissional com excelência é o apoio recebido durante sua trajetória no esporte, especialmente nas primeiras fases da carreira. Entretanto, há pouca informação sobre o tema no Brasil. Levando em consideração este contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como se dá o processo de suporte à carreira do atleta nos clubes formadores brasileiros. O estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa descritiva e de abordagem predominantemente quantitativa utilizando-se da estatística descritiva. Foram selecionados 83 clubes formadores relacionados no diagnóstico de clubes do Comitê Brasileiro de Clubes que responderam um questionário composto por cinco seções: Caracterização das principais modalidades desenvolvidas no clube; Caracterização do programa estruturado de suporte presente no clube para seus atletas; Avaliação da adequação das condições de oferecimento dos serviços do programa aos atletas; Avaliação do clube em relação à sua atuação no desenvolvimento de carreira do atleta, e Caracterização dos sujeitos. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram gestores do departamento de esporte dos clubes selecionados. Os resultados obtidos de 17 clubes respondentes mostraram que não há um programa estruturado que atenda todas as necessidades dos atletas na fase de desenvolvimento. Apesar de todos os respondentes serem formados na área de Educação Física, ainda existem algumas dificuldades enfrentadas por eles para desenvolverem os programas nos clubes. Os principais recursos disponibilizados aos atletas são aqueles de suporte técnico, referentes ao treinamento, como preparação física e fisioterapia. Em contrapartida, os suportes extras, aqueles que são aliados ao treinamento, ainda não estão presentes de maneira satisfatória para os atletas. Entre eles, a assessoria de carreira, planejamento e orientação profissional, psicologia e apoio na educação obtiveram as piores classificações. As participações em competições internacionais, essenciais para estimular o nível competitivo dos atletas, ficaram aquém do desejado, três de 16 modalidades afirmaram participar. Em relação às principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos clubes para desenvolver programas de suporte à carreira estão os recursos financeiros. Os respondentes admitem altos custos para manter uma categoria competitiva e, paralelamente, oferecer os serviços de suporte aos atletas nos diferentes estágios da carreira. A análise dos resultados sugere que em termos de constituição, não é possível verificar a existência de um programa sistematizado nos clubes formadores de atletas no Brasil. Além disso, é necessário mudar a cultura imediatista da nossa realidade e alocar recursos de maneira estratégica. Limitações e sugestões são apontadas para enriquecer o tema e contemplar pontos não explorados nessa pesquisa / The great interest of the countries in achieving sporting success is increasing the researches around this subject. The term \'success\' is mainly related to the performance of athletes in international competitions. One of the fundamental factors that can contribute to athletes achieving success in the sporting environment and achieving a professional career with excellence is the support received during their pathway in the sport, especially in the early stages of the career. However, there are few information on the subject in Brazil. Given this scenario, the objective of this research was to understand how the process of supporting the athlete\'s career in the Brazilian sports clubs happens. The study is characterized as a descriptive and predominantly as a quantitative approach using descriptive statistics. 83 sports clubs related on the diagnosis of clubs of the Brazilian Club Committee were selected. They answered a questionnaire composed of five sections: Characterization of the main modalities developed in the club; Characterization of the structured program of support present in the club for its athletes; Evaluation of the adequacy of the conditions of the services offered in the program to the athletes; Evaluation of the club in relation to its performance in the athlete\'s career development, and Characterization of the subjects. The research subjects were managers of the sports department of the selected clubs. The results obtained from 17 participating clubs showed that there is no structured program that meets all the needs of the athletes in the development phase. Although all respondents have a degree in Physical Education, there are still some difficulties they face in developing the programs in the clubs. The main resources available to athletes are those of technical support, referring to training, such as physical preparation and physiotherapy. In contrast, the extra supports, those that are associated to the training, are not present in a satisfactory way for the athletes. Among them, career counseling, professional orientation, psychology, and education support scored the worst ratings. Participations in international competitions, essential to stimulate the competitive level of athletes, was below expectation, only three of the 16 modalities claim to participate. In relation to the main difficulties faced by clubs to develop career support programs are the financial resources. The subjects admit high costs to maintain a competitive category and, at the same time, to offer the support services to the athletes in the different stages of the career. The analysis of the results suggests that in terms of constitution, it is not possible to verify the existence of a systematized program in the sports clubs in Brazil. In addition, it is necessary to change the immediate culture of our reality and allocate resources in a strategic way. Limitations and suggestions are indicated to enrich the theme and contemplate points not explored in this research

<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka om studenter tror att deras fysiska aktivitetsnivå idag påverkats av ett medlemskap i en idrottsförening som barn, samt ta reda på deras egen upplevda aktivitetsnivå idag. Det är en kvalitativ deskriptiv undersökning och därför var intervjuer den mest lämpliga metoden att använda. Individuella intervjuer gjordes med tretton studenter på en högskola. Det framkom i resultatet att deltagarna hade inställningen att den fysiska aktivitetsnivån som äldre, kunde ha påverkats av ett medlemskap i en idrottsförening som barn och unga. Detta troddes bero på bland annat den positiva känsla som idrottande gav och som gjorde att fysisk aktivitet upplevdes som något bra och roligt. Även andra saker spelade in som sammanhållningen som fanns vid idrottande. Detta var i sin tur en orsak till att en positiv känslan för fysisk aktivitet infann sig. Det gick även att urskilja ett mönster mellan tidigare idrotter och hur deltagarna motionerade idag. De som till exempel spelat fotboll som yngre, använde det som en motionsform även idag, detta skedde både på eget organiserade träffar med vänner men också som träffar som var organiserade av utomstående.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study was to examine whether students' memberships in sports clubs has affected their attitudes towards physical activity and physical activity level. It was a qualitative descriptive survey based on individual interviews. Results showed that there was a pattern between the former sports membership and current patterns of physical activity.  For instance, those who liked playing football at a young age, continue to adopt the same type of exercise today. This pattern applies to other types of physical activity, with or without club membership. In addition, many respondents thought that a club membership at a young age could have an impact on their physical activity as adults. This was mainly due to the positive feeling that sportsmen perception, that physical activity was something good and fun. Social cohesion in sport was the one thing that many of those interviewed believed was a major reason why sports, was perceived as positive.</p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om studenter tror att deras fysiska aktivitetsnivå idag påverkats av ett medlemskap i en idrottsförening som barn, samt ta reda på deras egen upplevda aktivitetsnivå idag. Det är en kvalitativ deskriptiv undersökning och därför var intervjuer den mest lämpliga metoden att använda. Individuella intervjuer gjordes med tretton studenter på en högskola. Det framkom i resultatet att deltagarna hade inställningen att den fysiska aktivitetsnivån som äldre, kunde ha påverkats av ett medlemskap i en idrottsförening som barn och unga. Detta troddes bero på bland annat den positiva känsla som idrottande gav och som gjorde att fysisk aktivitet upplevdes som något bra och roligt. Även andra saker spelade in som sammanhållningen som fanns vid idrottande. Detta var i sin tur en orsak till att en positiv känslan för fysisk aktivitet infann sig. Det gick även att urskilja ett mönster mellan tidigare idrotter och hur deltagarna motionerade idag. De som till exempel spelat fotboll som yngre, använde det som en motionsform även idag, detta skedde både på eget organiserade träffar med vänner men också som träffar som var organiserade av utomstående. / The purpose of this study was to examine whether students' memberships in sports clubs has affected their attitudes towards physical activity and physical activity level. It was a qualitative descriptive survey based on individual interviews. Results showed that there was a pattern between the former sports membership and current patterns of physical activity.  For instance, those who liked playing football at a young age, continue to adopt the same type of exercise today. This pattern applies to other types of physical activity, with or without club membership. In addition, many respondents thought that a club membership at a young age could have an impact on their physical activity as adults. This was mainly due to the positive feeling that sportsmen perception, that physical activity was something good and fun. Social cohesion in sport was the one thing that many of those interviewed believed was a major reason why sports, was perceived as positive.

The continual challenge– A case study of sports clubs marketing In recent decades the mass media have come to play an increasingly important role in society and culture. The purpose of this qualitative study is to research how four nonprofit sports clubs in Umeå handle social changes such as commercialization and mediatization. To answer the study’s purpose three questions were examined. The first one discusses how sports clubs handle the transformed market. The second one discusses nonprofit organizations' difficulties in marketing. The final question discusses how sports clubs worked with their marketing communications. The sports clubs which were studied were the following: CFA Cheerleading, Umeå AFC Huskies, Tegs SK football club and Tegs SK hockey club. To examine how these clubs handle social changes several theories, such as Jürgen Habermas public sphere theory and Pierre Bourdieus theory about social fields, have been applied to the material. The study was conducted through interviews with communicational representatives and active members within each of the four sports clubs. On the one hand the results of the study indicated that the sports clubs have a positive view of mediatization and technological advancements. On the other hand several of the sports clubs' representatives find that the commercialization forces them to adjust in order to compete in a competitive market.

This study's main objective was to identify adolescents participation in alternative sport activities and which kind of physical activity that was preferred by adolescents who didn't had any earlier experience of sport clubs. The study combined interviews and surveys with the purpose to get both adolescents and sport leaders perspective. A total of five interviews were performed and fifty-four surveys was collected. The results showed that adolescents already physical active were those who participated in alternative sport activities. Who participate in alternative sport activities can depend on habitus, comprehended capital forms and in which social field the sport activities exists.