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Participatory design approach emphasizes user involvement to contribute to interactive systems throughout the design process. The potential user participates in many activities in different physical meetings and workshops. This approach helps the designers to develop better tools to support users work but it is difficult to get them to co-design at the same place and time for many reasons. I have also experienced this kind of difficulty in the school projects involving users in the design process. Many new technologies nowadays have been introduced and used for different purposes so I have asked myself how I can use this to get control over this kind of difficulty. And how to bring people together online to co- design instead of having any physical workshops. Today, many online technologies are used to facilitate PD activities and bring the potential users together regardless of time and space. Some researchers have investigated online media platforms that people are familiar with, for example Facebook to reach their users. Some of them use online tools developed for conducting participatory design online.This study investigates how to design remote/online meeting formats to engage people with different media habits in the early stages of participatory design to get inspiration for redesigning a website. It is very important for a participatory design at a distance to understand and adapt to individual media habits and technological skills because this aspect is crucial for the success of bringing the participants together online and persuade them to contribute including making them willing to involve and perform their online work tasks. The project facilitator should get to know already in the beginning of the project about different communication ways that each participant prefers and usually uses in their daily life. To make sure that the facilitator can reach the potential users and bring them to collaborate online and give their contribution to a design in time. This study shows also that the relation between the participants and the temple or the facilitator is crucial for the success of getting them to contribute. Another aspect that the facilitator needs to take into account is to know about the users’ technological background. This can be used as basic information to choose online tools or media platforms to design online meeting formats to engage people in the design process. The tools that match the participants’ skills make them focus more on their work tasks rather than technical issues. But even if someone has high computer skills, it does not mean that he wants to work with whatever tools in some online activities, the facilitator has to adapt according to what they prefer or give them choices and flexibility. In addition, it is not enough only to observe and provide different channels for the participants to get feedback. It is hard to observe people working online and not everyone says what they think to the facilitator. To know how the users interact with and think about different online meeting formats during the design project by doing feedback interview after each PD stage helps the facilitator to improve online meeting formats for the next steps. The facilitator gets possibilities to repeat and clarify some issues during the project, encourages the participant to continue or contribute more, and prepares them for the next steps. The participants get better understanding of the project and motivation to move on.

[pt] O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de maturidade, que pudesse contribuir para a identificação do estágio em que se encontram indústrias de grande porte, nos processos de gestão e engajamento com stakeholders relacionados à sustentabilidade corporativa. Uma revisão da literatura e análise de 15 (quinze) documentos, entre índices, métricas, padrões e recomendações de mercado, sobre temas de sustentabilidade corporativa, foi realizada para levantamento dos dados. Existe um hiato entre a Teoria de Stakeholders e as práticas empresariais, mesmo em organizações que inseriram o conceito de valor compartilhado nas suas diretrizes estratégicas. As pesquisas realizadas mostram que, seja por propósito, por busca de vantagem competitiva, por busca de transparência e reputação ou por pressões de mercado e da sociedade, as empresas devem considerar as demandas e interesses dos diferentes stakeholders na estratégia e na tomada de decisão. Foi elaborada uma ferramenta para operacionalizar o modelo de maturidade desenvolvido. As principais conclusões são: há carência de ferramentas e modelos de identificação do estágio de maturidade, em aspectos de sustentabilidade corporativa, que integrem os processos de gestão e de engajamento com stakeholders; que as referências pesquisadas analisam a gestão e engajamento com stakeholders como um processo que acontece e evolui em estágios; que embora o modelo tenha sido concebido com propósito de ser escalável, algumas calibrações podem ser necessárias; que o modelo de maturidade proposto pode apoiar empresas que, genuinamente, acreditam que o capitalismo de stakeholders não só é viável, mas necessário para o verdadeiro desenvolvimento sustentável. / [en] The aim of this study was to develop a maturity model that could help identify the stage reached by large-scale industries in their stakeholder management and engagement processes related to corporate sustainability. To gather data, it was performed a literature review and analysis of 15 (fifteen) documents, including indices, metrics, standards and market recommendations on corporate sustainability issues. There is a gap between stakeholder theory and business practices, even in organizations that have included the concept of shared value in their strategic guidelines. The research carried out shows that, whether out of purpose, aiming for competitive advantage, a quest for transparency and reputation or financial market and society pressure, companies must consider the demands and interests of different stakeholders in their strategy and decision-making. This work proposes a tool to operationalize the maturity model developed. The main conclusions are: there is a lack of tools and models for identifying the stage of maturity for corporate sustainability aspects, which integrate the processes of management and engagement with stakeholders; the references researched consider stakeholder management and engagement as a process that takes place and evolves in stages; although the model was designed to be scalable, some adjustments may be necessary; the maturity model proposed can support companies that genuinely believe that stakeholder capitalism is not only viable, but necessary for true sustainable development.

To calculate the load capacity of gear stages within complex drivetrains under varying external loads, multi-body-systems (MBS) are used to simulate the vibrational behaviour of integral systems. In order to model a flexible hypoid gear stage, methods like the modal reduction of FEM-models were already introduced. However, the modelling of such systems is complex, challenging and sensitive to its discretisation. The co-simulation within a multi-body-system simulation offers the possibility to outsource the calculation of the tooth contact and therefore the reaction forces under consideration of friction. This leads to a simplification and an improvement of the modelling of gear stages in multi-body-systems. The further developed co-simulation module offers a compromise between computational speeds and exact solutions. To improve the quality of the results and reduce the calculation time the load distribution calculation is investigated specifically. The article describes a method to reduce fluctuations of computed reaction forces and moments during gear movement. The aim is to keep the level of fluctuations of a high contact zone discretisation with a significant smaller contact point count. / Um die Belastbarkeit von Getriebestufen innerhalb komplexer Antriebsstränge unter variierenden äußeren Lasten zu berechnen, werden Mehrkörpersysteme (MKS) zur Simulation des Schwingungsverhaltens von integralen Systemen eingesetzt. Um eine flexible Getriebestufe mit Kegel- oder Hypoidradsätzen zu modellieren, wurden bereits Methoden wie die modale Reduktion von FEM-Modellen eingeführt. Die Modellierung solcher Systeme ist jedoch komplex, anspruchsvoll und empfindlich gegenüber ihrer Diskretisierung. Die Co-Simulation innerhalb einer Mehrkörpersystem-Simulation bietet die Möglichkeit, die Berechnung des Zahnkontakts und damit der Reaktionskräfte unter Berücksichtigung der Reibung auszulagern. Dies führt zu einer Vereinfachung und Verbesserung der Modellierung von Getriebestufen in Mehrkörpersystemen. Das weiterentwickelte Co-Simulations-Modul bietet einen Kompromiss zwischen Berechnungsgeschwindigkeit und exakten Lösungen. Um die Qualität der Ergebnisse zu verbessern und die Berechnungsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen, wurde die Berechnung der Lastverteilung untersucht. Der Artikel beschreibt eine Methode zur Reduzierung von Schwankungen der berechneten Kräfte und Momente über der Eingriffsstrecke. Ziel ist es, die Schwankungen auf dem Level einer hohen Kontaktzonendiskretisierung mit einer deutlich geringeren Kontaktpunktanzahl zu halten.