Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Vagner_Brasil_Costa.pdf: 1928313 bytes, checksum: 6190fbaa07442fd10e6c07723e1169b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Never attached so much importance to the wine as it is nowadays. The phenomenon is worldwide, but in Brazil, a country with little tradition in wine, it has markedly. Several initiatives have been taken today, with the purpose of identifying new winegrowing regions in Brazil, where environmental conditions are more favorable to obtain better rates of maturation and quality of the grape. Knowledge of phenological phases is of fundamental interest to the grower, as it allows decision-making regarding the management practices necessary for the development and production of the vine. Thus, the study aims to evaluate characterize the phenology of the main cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. produced in the region of Santana do Livramento, as well as assess the influence of climatic variation in the growth cycle of the vines in this region. We evaluated the phenological and climatic data for 18 years (1993/94 to 2010/11) of grapes produced in the Almaden Winery, in Santana do Livramento. The bioclimatic indexes were evaluated. Precipitation (mm), maximum temperature, minimum and average (°C), cold hours (h) and the thermal requirements of the cultivars, such as determined by cáclculo degree-days (GD) according to equations proposed by Villa Nova et al (1972). The simple linear correlations between phenological and climate were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient (parametric). With the results, it can be concluded that the cold winter hours, maximum, minimum, average, and precipitation were not significant during the phenological stages, however, the variable degree-day is an important parameter to characterize each of the phenological sub-periods, as well as estimate the date of commencement of maturation. It is of utmost importance to establish resgisters and files that keep the life of viticulture in Campania, since there are few references and technical information of its development, as well as the phenological aspects of vines, both existing and cultivars of that could possibly be deployed in the region. / Nunca se atribuiu tanta importância ao vinho como nos dias atuais. O fenômeno é mundial, mas, no Brasil, país de pouca tradição vinícola, ele se apresenta de forma marcante. Várias iniciativas têm sido tomadas atualmente, com o propósito de identificar novas regiões vitícolas no Brasil, onde as condições ambientais sejam mais favoráveis à obtenção de melhores índices de maturação e qualidade da uva. O conhecimento das fases fenológicas é de fundamental interesse para o viticultor, pois possibilita tomadas de decisão quanto às práticas de manejo necessárias para o desenvolvimento e a produção da videira. Com isso, o trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar caracterizar a fenologia das principais cultivares de Vitis vinifera L. produzidas na região de Santana do Livramento, assim como, avaliar a influência das variações climáticas, no ciclo vegetativo das videiras nesta região. Foram estudados os dados fenológicos e climáticos de 18 anos (1993/94 a 2010/11) de uvas produzidas na Vinícola Almadén, em Santana do Livramento. Os índices bioclimáticos avaliados foram. Precipitação (mm), temperatura máxima, mínima e média (°C), horas de frio (h) e as exigências térmicas das cultivares avaliadas, essas, determinadas pelo cáclculo de graus-dia (GD) segundo equações propostas por Villa Nova et al (1972). As correlações lineares simples entre variáveis fenológicas e as climáticas foram avaliadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (paramétrico). De posse dos resultados, pode se concluir, que as horas de frio invernal, temperatura máxima, mínima, média e precipitação, não apresentaram relação significativa durante os estádios fenológicos, todavia, a variável graus-dia é um parâmetro importante para caracterizar cada um dos subperíodos fenológicos, assim como, estimar a data de colheita para as uvas produzidas na Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Considera-se de suma importância que se estabeleçam resgistros e arquivos que guardem a vida da viticultura na região da Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, já que são poucas as referências e informações técnicas de seu desenvolvimento, bem como dos aspectos fenológicos das videiras, tanto de cultivares já existentes como das que possivelmente possam ser implantadas no município.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-09-27T14:36:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Andressa_Grosbelli_2018.pdf: 1311256 bytes, checksum: ea09960676f17abb9d174deb55efda93 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T14:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Andressa_Grosbelli_2018.pdf: 1311256 bytes, checksum: ea09960676f17abb9d174deb55efda93 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Besides the concern with the exhaustion of energy sources and environmental consequences, it is necessary to know the potential that these sources of energy (swine manure) can present. The present work has had the objective of discussing and analyzing, on the basis of field and laboratory studies, the production of biogas in different breeding types and stages of pigs, being the treatments: two nursery units (T1 and T2), three growth and termination units (T3, T4 and T5) and two piglets production units (T6 and T7). ST and SV analyzes were performed, reducing the organic load of the swine manure used. The biodigestors used were batch type, made of PVC pipes and fed with the waste from different types of pig farming. The HRT was 45 days and significant averages of biogas production, ST and SV removal were found, good volume yield related to SVs removed and added. The T5 treatment presented the best removal of COD (72.3%), being also the one that produced the most biogas during the 45 days (5.3L), nevertheless it presented a low efficiency in the removal of the volatile solids, being necessary a time of HRT higher for better treatment efficiency. On the other hand, the T7 treatment presented the best values of removal efficiency of volatile solids during the study period, with 71.48% / Além da preocupação com o esgotamento das fontes de energias fosséis e com consequências ambientais, hoje, se faz necessário saber o potencial que as fontes alternativas podem apresentar. O presente trabalho teve com objetivo discutir e analisar com base em estudos a campo e em laboratório, a produção de biogás em diferentes sistemas de criação e fases de suínos em: duas unidades de creche (T1 e T2), três unidades de crescimento e terminação (T3, T4 e T5) e duas unidades de produção de leitões (T6 e T7). Foram realizadas análises de ST, SV e DQO. Os biodigestores utilizados foram do tipo batelada, feitos de tubos de PVC e o TRH foi de 45 dias. Foram encontradas médias significativas de produção de biogás, remoção dos ST e SV, bom rendimento de volume relacionado aos SV removidos e adicionados. O tratamento T5 apresentou a melhor remoção de DQO (72,3%), sendo também o que mais produziu biogás ao longo dos 45 dias (5,3L), no entanto apresentou uma baixa eficiência na remoção dos sólidos voláteis, sendo necessário um TRH maior para a melhor eficiência do tratamento. Em contrapartida, o tratamento T7 apresentou os melhores valores de eficiência de remoção de sólidos voláteis durante o período de estudo, com 71,48%.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-21T12:28:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianeteixeirafranco.pdf: 497466 bytes, checksum: 3af08d5e1ad131e3368c0b7eeafaf660 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T17:58:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianeteixeirafranco.pdf: 497466 bytes, checksum: 3af08d5e1ad131e3368c0b7eeafaf660 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T17:58:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianeteixeirafranco.pdf: 497466 bytes, checksum: 3af08d5e1ad131e3368c0b7eeafaf660 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Amblyomma dubitatum apresenta importante papel como vetor de riquétsias na natureza. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade carrapaticida do carvacrol sobre larvas e ninfas não ingurgitadas de A. dubitatum. A realização dos experimentos ocorreu através do teste de pacote de larvas e ninfas, sendo colocadas no centro de papel filtro, dobrado ao meio, fechado nas laterais com clipes binder e umedecido com 90 μL da solução testada em cada lado. Os grupos foram mantidos em câmara climatizada (27±1°C e UR>80±10) individualizadas. As concentrações testadas foram de 2,5; 7,5; 10; 15 e 20 mg/mL, com 10 repetições para larvas e sete para ninfas por tratamento. Foram formados dois grupos controle para cada estágio: água e etanol 70% (larvas) e água e DMSO 3% (ninfas). A mortalidade de larvas não ingurgitadas tratadas com a menor concentração de carvacrol foi 45,7%, sendo estatisticamente similar (p>0,05) para o grupo controle. Houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) a partir da concentração 7,5 mg/mL em relação ao grupo controle. O percentual de mortalidade de 100% foi obtido a partir da concentração 15 mg/mL, porém foi estatisticamente similar (p>0,05) a concentração 7,5 mg/mL. Para ninfas não ingurgitadas, a menor concentração não resultou em mortalidade, alcançando percentual de mortalidade de 65,7% na concentração de 20 mg/mL. A partir da concentração 10 mg/mL houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) em relação ao grupo controle. Na determinação da CL50, para larvas e ninfas não ingurgitadas foram observados valores de 2,81 mg/mL e 14,57 mg/mL, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos indicam que carvacrol tem atividade carrapaticida sobre larvas de A. dubitatum. / Amblyomma dubitatum plays an important role as an vector of rickettsia in nature. The aim of this essay was to valuate the acaricial activity of the carvacrol on unengorged larvae and nymphs of A. dubitatum. The process of experiments happen through the packet test of larvae and nymphs, being pu in the center of the filter paper, folded in half, closed on the sides with binder clips and moistened with 90 μL of the solution to be tested on each side. The groups were kept in climate-controlled chamber (27±1°C and RH >80±10%) individuals. The concentrations tested were of 2,5; 7,5; 10; 15 e 20 mg/mL, with ten repetitions for larvae and seven for nymphs per treatment. Were formed two control groups for each stage: water and etanol 70% (larvae) and water and DMSO 3% (nymphs). The mortality of unengorged larvae treated with a lowest concentration of carvacrol was 45,7%, being similar statistically (p>0,05) to the control group. The was difference statistic (p<0,05) from the concentration 7,5 mg/mL in relation to group control. The mortality percentual of 100% was obtained from the concentration of 15 mg/mL, but it was statiscally similar (p>0,05) the concentration7,5 mg/mL. For the nymphs unengorged the lowest concentration did't resulted in mortality, reaching mortality percentual of 65,7% in concentration of 20 mg/mL. From concentration of 10 mg/mL there was difference statistic of (p<0,05) in relation the group controle. In the determination of CL50 for unengorged larvae and nymphs were observed values of 2,81 mg/mL and 14,57 mg/mL, respectively. The results obtained indicate that carvacrol has acaricidal activity on unengorged larvae of A. dubitatum.

Orientadores: Ricardo Jannini Sawaya, Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CorreaFilho_DecioTadeu_M.pdf: 2723996 bytes, checksum: 128827025a31fdb66d41e2abeb742135 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Anfíbios anuros possuem ciclo de vida complexo e as fases larvais e adultas podem ocupar ambientes totalmente distintos. Isso faz com que cada uma das fases esteja sujeita a diferentes pressões ambientais. Desta forma, girinos e adultos podem seguir caminhos evolutivos diferentes, ainda que apresentem as mesmas relações filogenéticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os aspectos ecológicos e evolutivos que atuam na estruturação de uma metacomunidade de anuros nas fases adulta e larval. Realizamos o estudo em uma região de Cerrado no sudeste do Brasil. O trabalho está dividido em dois capítulos. No primeiro, testamos se as comunidades de adultos e girinos são concordantes, e analisamos a influência das variáveis ambientais e espaciais na abundância e composição de espécies em cada fase ontogenética. No segundo capítulo, verificamos como a diversidade fenotípica se distribui ao longo da filogenia e como os corpos d'água influenciam a diversidade fenotípica e filogenética das espécies. Além disso, verificamos a evidência de filtros ambientais na montagem das comunidades estudadas a partir da associação entre atributos fenotípicos, relações filogenéticas e variáveis ambientais. Nossos resultados do primeiro capítulo indicam que as comunidades de adultos e girinos são concordantes, ou seja, são distribuídas de maneira similar entre os habitats. As variáveis ambientais foram mais importantes do que as espaciais, sendo a área da superfície e o hidroperíodo dos corpos d'água as características que melhor explicaram a distribuição dos adultos e girinos entre os corpos d'água. A maioria das espécies esteve associada aos habitats temporários de média a longa duração. Locais temporários não apresentam predadores importantes como peixes e retém água por tempo suficiente para a metamorfose dos girinos. No segundo capítulo, verificamos que os atributos fenotípicos nos adultos são mais conservados do que nos girinos. A diversidade fenotípica dos adultos é concentrada em poucos nós da filogenia, enquanto que nos girinos é dispersa pela filogenia. A metacomunidade de adultos é estruturada por filtros ambientais relacionados principalmente aos microhabitats de vocalização. Espécies da família Hylidae que vocalizam empoleiradas, por exemplo, são associadas aos locais com maior diversidade de vegetação na margem dos corpos d'água. Para os girinos não foi observada evidência de filtro ambiental. Além disso, não houve relação clara entre os atributos fenotípicos dos girinos e características ambientais como observado para os adultos. Entretanto, a maioria dos girinos esteve associada a locais que podem oferecer maior disponibilidade de recursos alimentares e menor risco de predação, como corpos d'agua temporários, de dossel aberto e com muita vegetação em seu interior. Concluímos que os adultos determinam a distribuição dos girinos nas comunidades. Entretanto, a escolha do habitat de reprodução é baseada em parte pelos atributos dos adultos, mas também ponderada por locais de melhor desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de sua larva. Nossos resultados ressaltam a complexidade da organização das comunidades de anuros, principalmente no que diz respeito às relações entre as fases ontogenéticas, e contribuem de forma inédita para melhor compreensão da organização de comunidades de animais de ciclo de vida complexo como os anuros / Abstract: Anuran amphibians have complex life cycles, and the larval and adult stages can occupy completely different environments. Thus, each stage is subject to different environmental pressures. Tadpoles and adults can follow different evolutionary paths even though they show the same phylogenetic relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological and evolutionary aspects structuring an anuran metacommunity in both larval and adult stages. We conducted this study in a savanna region in southeastern Brazil. The study comprises two chapters. In the first, we tested if tadpole and adult communities show community concordance. Then we analyzed the influence of environmental and spatial variables on the abundance and composition of species in each ontogenetic stage. In the second chapter, we verified how the phenotypic diversity is distributed throughout the phylogeny, and how water bodies affect phenotypic and phylogenetic diversity of species. Additionally, we verified the evidence of environmental filters acting in the community assembly based on the association among phenotypic traits, phylogeny, and environmental variables. Our results in the first chapter indicated that communities of adults and tadpoles are concordant, because they have a similar distribution across the set of water bodies. Environmental variables were more important than space, because area and hydroperiod of the water bodies were the variables that best explained the distribution of species for both ontogenetic stages. Most species were associated with medium and long-term temporary habitats. Temporary habitats have no important predators like fish and could retain water long enough for tadpoles to achieve metamorphosis. In the second chapter, we find that adult traits are more conserved, which was not observed for tadpoles. The phenotypic diversity of adults is concentrated in a few nodes, while in tadpoles it is widespread throughout phylogeny. The adult metacommunity is regulated by environmental filters related to vocalization microhabitats. Hylidae species that vocalize perched on vegetation, for instance, are associated with greater vegetation diversity on the edge of the water body. Tadpoles were not affected by environmental filters. Furthermore, there was not clear relationship between tadpole traits and environmental characteristics as observed for adults. However, most of the tadpoles were associated with sites that may offer greater availability of food resources and low predation risk, such as open canopy and temporary water bodies with vegetation inside. We conclude that adults determine the distribution of tadpoles. However, even if environmental filters affect adults, the choice of the breeding habitat is based in part by adult traits and also weighted for habitats that promote better development and survival of their larvae. Our results underscore the complexity involved in frog community assembly, particularly regarding the relationship between ontogenetic stages, and thus, contribute to a better understanding of the assembly of complex life cycle communities / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia

Orientador: Maria Filomena Ceolim / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T23:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_DeniseCuoghideCarvalhoVerissimo_D.pdf: 2485963 bytes, checksum: 213465114374498d7288558bab3e51d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Distúrbios do sono são prevalentes entre idosos e têm sido associados ao desenvolvimento e agravamento de doenças crônicas, com destaque para a hipertensão e o diabetes mellitus (DM). Estas doenças são responsáveis por elevado percentual de morbidade e mortalidade nessa faixa etária. Este estudo teve por objetivos investigar a associação dos sintomas de insônia e do sono diurno igual ou superior a 90 minutos com a ocorrência de hipertensão e DM em idosos, independente da presença de outros fatores de risco; e identificar fatores preditivos desses distúrbios. Constitui um adendo à pesquisa Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA), estudo multicêntrico realizado com idosos residentes na comunidade. Utilizou-se o banco de dados da cidade de Campinas - SP, na qual foi avaliada uma amostra aleatória e representativa de 900 idosos. Destes, 689 foram incluídos neste estudo, atendendo a critérios de seleção previamente definidos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e inferencial, por meio do teste Qui-quadrado para verificar a associação entre variáveis e análise de regressão logística univariada e múltipla, para investigar a influência dos sintomas de insônia e do sono diurno igual ou superior a 90 minutos na ocorrência de hipertensão e DM, bem como para identificar os fatores preditivos desses sintomas e do sono diurno de longa duração. Verificou-se predomínio das mulheres, dos idosos mais jovens (65 a 69 anos), casados, aposentados, com um a quatro anos de estudo e residentes com a família. Sintomas de insônia foram relatados por 55,0%, sendo mais prevalentes o despertar precoce, a dificuldade de iniciar o sono e o sono não restaurador. Sono diurno com duração igual ou superior a 90 minutos foi referido por 9,9% dos idosos. Os fatores associados à hipertensão, segundo o modelo de regressão logística múltipla, foram o IMC indicativo de pré-obesidade ou obesidade, os sintomas de insônia e o sedentarismo; para o DM, mostraram-se associados aos não brancos e ao alto risco da relação cintura/quadril. Quanto aos sintomas de insônia, os fatores associados foram à avaliação subjetiva da saúde regular, ruim ou muito ruim, a situação de não estar aposentado e a depressão. A presença de enfisema/bronquite foi o único fator associado ao sono diurno com 90 minutos ou mais de duração. Estes achados alertam os profissionais de saúde para que investiguem sintomas de insônia, mesmo na ausência de queixas dos idosos. As informações coletadas poderão contribuir na prevenção de possíveis agravos à saúde, bem como para subsidiar políticas públicas de prevenção e tratamento. Este projeto está inserido na Linha de Pesquisa "Processo de Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem" / Abstract: Sleep disorders are prevalent among the elderly and have been recently associated with the development and worsening of chronic diseases, especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM). These diseases are responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in this age group. This study aimed to investigate the association between insomnia symptoms and daytime sleep over 90 minutes with the occurrence of hypertension and DM in the elderly regardless of the presence of other risk factors, and to identify predictive factors of these disorders. It is an addendum to the research Frailty in Brazilian Elderly (FIBRA), multicenter study with elderly community residents. We used the database of Campinas - SP, in which it was, assessed a representative random sample of 900 elderly. Of these, 689 were included in this study, given the selection criteria previously defined. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, using Chi-square test to determine the association between variables, and logistic regression analysis, univariate and multivariate, to investigate the influence of symptoms of insomnia and daytime sleep over 90 minutes in the occurrence of hypertension and DM, as well as to identify factors predictive of insomnia symptoms and long lasting daytime sleep. Results showed a predominance of women, young-old (65 to 69 years), married, retired, with one to four years of formal education, living with relatives. Insomnia symptoms were reported by 55.0%. Mostly frequent insomnia symptoms were early morning awakening, difficulty initiating sleep and non-restorative sleep. Daytime sleep 90 minutes or longer was reported by 9.9% of the elderly. Factors associated with hypertension, according to multiple logistic regression model, were BMI indicative of pre-obesity or obesity, insomnia symptoms and physical inactivity; for DM, associated factors were nonwhite and high risk waist-to-hip relationship. As to insomnia symptoms, risk factors were subjective evaluation of health as fair, poor or very poor, the situation of not being retired and depression. Presence of emphysema/bronchitis was the only factor associated with daytime sleep of 90 minutes or longer. These findings alert health professionals to investigate symptoms of insomnia, even in the absence of complaints from the elderly. They may also help in preventing possible harm to health as well as to support public policies for prevention and treatment. This project is included in the Research Line "Process of Caring in Nursing and Health" / Doutorado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Doutora em Ciências da Saúde

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_caroline_borges_bevilacqua.pdf: 1981019 bytes, checksum: 797e667e01edbc569a7b08d3268c701b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-30 / Cold stress adversely modifies their physiology, metabolism plant growth and development, as well as, it limits crop productivity. The responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to low temperatures are still poorly understood. A better understanding of stress tolerance mechanism in rice plants will help to develop rice germplasm with improved field level tolerance under variable temperature and sowing depth conditions. To characterize rice genotypes with variation in sensitivity to cold, these are the following objectives: to evaluate the applicability of different Stress Indices using seedling lengthas parameter; classify accessions cultivated rice and red rice as Indica or Japonica; compare response to rice cultivars cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive to cold stress according to the dry matter accumulation and possible changes in chlorophyll content; categorize different genotypes with regard to sensitivity to cold and to sowing depth stresses and, analyze the expression of cold-responsive genes, and also genes submergence-responsive. The seeds after seven days at 25°C were exposed at 4°C for 24h and after that, photosynthesis was measured later, the plants were 72h at 25°C (recovery period) to assess the dry mass and chlorophyll. For the other experiments, the seedlings were collected 7 and/or 14 days maintained at 25°C or 18/13°C day/night and different sowing depths (1.5cm, 5cm, 10cm and 15cm), differential gene expression were performed with those seedlings using different genes induced by cold. To evaluated gene expression using different genes induced by cold and anoxia, samples were collected after exposure to 10 ° C for 6, 24 and 96 h at 1.5 cm and 10 cm deep sowing. The results showed that is possible to identify superior genotypes for tolerance to these abiotic stresses based on the Tolerance Index (STI) and Media Geometric (GM) to select genotypes tolerant to cold or sowing depth, using as a parameter the seedling shoot length measurement. Japonica and Indica subspecies respond differently to abiotic stresses, however for some of these stress-responsive genes, these subspecies responded similarly. Furthermore, the analysis at the molecular level of cold tolerance and sowing depth indicated the importance of ABA- dependent and ABA-independent signal transduction pathways in plants under abiotic stress. / O estresse causado pelo frio interfere negativamente na fisiologia, metabolismo, crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas e, portanto, limita a produtividade em lavouras de arroz. As respostas em nível de crescimento em arroz (Oryza sativa L.) submetido a baixas temperaturas ainda são pouco compreendidas. Um melhor entendimento do mecanismo de tolerância ao estresse em plantas de arroz pode ajudar na identificação, no germoplasma de arroz, de plantas com tolerância submetidas à temperatura variável, além de ser útil para outros estresses abióticos, como diferentes profundidades de semeadura. Para caracterizar genótipos de arroz, com variação na sensibilidade ao frio, tiveram-se como objetivos:avaliar a aplicabilidade de diferentes índices de estresse utilizando-se como parâmetro o comprimento de plântula; classificar acessos de arroz cultivado e vermelho como Japonica ou Indica; comparar a resposta ao frio de cultivares de arroz tolerante e sensível a esse estresse, com relação ao acúmulo de massa seca e possíveis alterações no teor de clorofila;categorizá-los com relação à sensibilidade ao frio e à profundidade de semeadura; e analisar a expressão de genes que respondem a frio, assim como genes responsivos a submersão, sob condições de frio e/ou tratamento constituídos por diferentes profundidades de semeadura. Para avaliar o acúmulo de massa seca e o teor de clorofila, as sementes, após sete dias a 25°C, foram expostas a 4°C durante 24 h e logo após, foi medida a fotossíntese e,posteriormente, as plantas ficaram 72 h a 25°C para sua recuperação. Já para os demais experimentos,as plântulas foram coletadas 7 e/ou 14 dias mantidas a 25°C ou 18/13°C dia/noite e diferentes profundidades de semeadura (1.5cm, 5cm, 10cm e 15cm); as avaliações da expressão gênica diferencial foram realizadas com essas amostras coletadas, para 4 diferentes genes induzidos pelo frio e também em amostras coletadas após exposição a 10°C durante 6, 24 e 96 h a 1.5 cm e 10 cm de profundidade de semeadura.Os resultados indicaram que é possível a identificação de genótipos superiores para a tolerância a esses estresses abióticos com base em seus índices de estresse, utilizando como parâmetro o comprimento da parte aérea, devido a habilidade das plantas tolerar estresses abióticos afetar a morfologia assim como a fisiologia da planta de arroz. Assim como é possível a utilização do Índice de Tolerância (STI) e da Média Geométrica (GM) para selecionar genótipos tolerantes ao frio ou profundidade de semeadura, baseado no comprimento de parte aérea de plântula. As subespécies Japonica e Indica respondem diferentemente aos estresses abióticos, no entanto, para alguns genes responsivos a esses estresses, essas subespécies apresentam o mesmo respondem semelhantemente. Além disso, as análises a nível molecular da tolerância ao frio e a profundidade de semeadura indicaram a importância das vias ABA-dependente e ABA-independente como vias de transdução do sinal em plantas sob estresse abiótico.

Few studies have a focus on progression in teaching and learning mathematics. An assumption for this study was that progression in teaching between school stages was important. The approach of the study was based on action research. Four teachers from preschool to 9th grade (age 1-16) were invited to a temporary team, a community of practice. The overall aim of the study was to develop knowledge about teaching fractions when teachers used students’ understandings as a point of departure for their action plans. A second aim was to illuminate what influences progression in their teaching. The team of teachers used the four phases of action research: plan, act, observe and reflect, during their learning processes. The teachers’ learning sessions were videotaped and transcribed and this provided the main data that formed the basis of the results. Wenger’s dimensions of social learning were used as an analytical tool: joint enterprise, mutual engagement and shared repertoire. Four themes that described teachers’ negotiation of qualities in mathematics instruction were identified: interpreting students’ understandings, basing instruction on students’ understandings, visualizing fractions and ensuring students’ understanding. When teachers, regardless of what stage was involved, reified similar instructions, it did not benefit students’ learning opportunities. In order to improve progression in teaching fractions, it was important that teachers succeeded in identifying students’ understandings and that the team negotiated different qualities in their community of practice. The shared repertoire (the pre-tests and the video recordings) formed the core of negotiating progression based on students’ understandings. The team showed a mutual engagement, with students’ learning as their joint enterprise. An implication of the study is that teachers from different educational stages can negotiate progression and improve it.

My thesis is focused on children's speech development, agend 3 - 4. The aim of my work was to research on which basis children learn to speak nowadays and compare my results with the research evidence of Prof. Václav Příhoda. In the theoretical part of my work, there are some important definitions, description of speech development by Václav Příhoda and also some other authors. There are also another factors which have an impact on speech development. The practical part was being realized by collecting data by the electronical questionaire to parents and also through the observation of 10 chosen children. The collected data were sorted by the PC programme. The results conclude in chat age the different developmental speech stages happening and it also shows the differences with the research of Prof. Václav Příhoda. In the research part there are some differences being discovered between mine and Příhoda's results. Many children nowadays start to use correct inferior sentences between 3 - 4 years, unlike the children who were the part of Příhoda's research. A few children from my research sample start to use the conjecture sentences after the age of 3. KEYWORDS speech, speech development, communication, different development of speech, speech development stages

The subject of this thesis is entrepreneurship policy and the focus is on public support programmes directed to early stages technology-based ventures. It advocates that a broad view should be taken with regard to the type of policies for entrepreneurship that aim at supporting the facilitation of the supported ventures’ ability to link to their surrounding innovation system, in which they can secure their access to crucial external resources. Taking the departure in the perspective that early stages technology-based ventures are vulnerable, this thesis shows that publicly financed entrepreneurship supporting programmes can be motivated because small and newly started ventures have got limited resources, and because the risks, with which they are associated, generally make them unattractive in the eyes of private actors. Among the practical implications of this thesis, the following findings are emphasised: Public support, directed to the very earliest stages of venture development benefits from broadness, for the latter stages, specialisation and a higher degree of selectiveness could be an advantage. Moreover, it is important that the support provided take into account the whole process of business development, i.e. both the issues concerned with product/service and the issues connected to the market. A long-term commitment, cooperation between different actors and information about what support is available, are other aspects that are important for policymakers to consider in their design of public policies to support entrepreneurship. Finally, the importance of evaluative awareness must be emphasised from the very start. / Den här avhandlingen är en sammanläggning av 7 studier kring vilka en kappa med titeln ”Entreprenörskapspolicy: offentligt stöd för teknikbaserade företag” har skrivits. De inkluderade studierna beskrivs kortfattat i slutet av den här sammanfattningen. Syftet med avhandlingen är att analysera skälen till varför statliga interventioner kan vara berättigade, vidare att analysera målsättningar, design och resultat av offentliga program för stöd av nya teknikbaserade företag/projekt och slutligen att identifiera såväl praktiska som forskningsintressanta implikationer för utformningen av framtida stödaktiviteter. Avhandlingen baseras till största delen på olika typer av kvantitativa analyser av Stiftelsen Innovationscentrum (SIC) (studie 2-6). Förutom detta ingår en konceptuell studie där ett ramverk för att utvärdera inkubatorer, främst ur ett ”best practice” perspektiv, har tagits fram (studie 1). Slutligen har jag inkluderat en pågående uppföljningsstudie av Vinnovas program Vinn Nu (studie 7). Avhandlingen förespråkar en bred syn på begreppet entreprenörskapspolicy, där syftet med stödet är att underlätta för företag/projekt att koppla upp sig mot relevanta innovationssystem där de kan säkra sin tillgång på externa resurser. Med utgångspunkt i ett sårbarhetsperspektiv visar avhandlingen att offentligt finansierade program som stödjer entreprenörskap kan motiveras genom att de små och nystartade företagens resurser är begränsade och eftersom riskerna ofta gör att intresset från privata aktörer att gå in i dessa företag är lågt. Avhandlingens praktiska implikationer är bland annat att det stöd som riktas till de allra tidigaste utvecklingsfaserna i syfte att kvalificera idéer bör vara brett. Däremot kan ett mer selektivt urval vara fördelaktigt i något senare utvecklingsskeden och för mer specialiserade stöd. Vidare visar de inkluderade studierna på behovet av att se till hela företagets utvecklingsprocess. Det innebär bland annat att det är nödvändigt att kombinera hårt och mjukt stöd och att lika vikt läggs vid produkt- och marknadsutveckling. Offentligt stöd bör också vara långsiktigt, och samarbete mellan olika stödprogram är viktigt, inte minst med avseende på information om vilka stöd som finns och hur, var, när och av vem dessa kan sökas. Slutligen understryks vikten av att stödprogram redan från början bör ta hänsyn till utvärderingsaspekter.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic features of weight management and lifestyle changes of people of working age at risk of type 2 diabetes. Seventy-four persons at high risk of type 2 diabetes, 33 men and 41 women, took part in the study. They attended group counselling sessions led by a dietician either at distance or face-to-face. There were 5 distance groups, with the counselling given by a dietician via a videoconferencing link to participants who met in the meeting room of their local health care centre. There were 6 personal groups where the dietician and the group participants met face-to-face at the same location. Each group had 5 to 9 participants. The following were used as study material: videotaped group discussions on the benefits and barriers of lifestyle changes at the beginning of the counselling process, weight management at the beginning and at the end of the process, and weight management and the preconditions and risk factors of successful weight management at the follow-up visit 1.5 years after the end of the process. In addition, study data were gathered before the first and last interventions and before the follow-up visit with a questionnaire sent to the subjects. The subjects were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the counselling process as well as at the follow-up visit. The video material was analysed using both inductive and deductive content analysis. The data were analysed also using SPSS 16.0 software for Windows. At the beginning of the counselling process, 68%, 9% and 14% of the subjects were at the contemplation, preparation and action stages, respectively, the corresponding percentages at the end of the counselling process being 24%, 33% and 40%. Forty subjects had made progress in their lifestyle change stage, 18 had remained where they had been, while 5 had regressed. One and a half year after the end of the counselling process, about half of the subjects were at the maintenance phase in terms of various lifestyle factors (restricting the amount of food, eating regular meals, increasing the intake of nutritional fibre, unsaturated fat and physical activity, restricting alcohol intake). Twenty-one subjects reported relapses, most often in terms of restricting the amount of food intake. Improved health and functional ability were seen as the benefit of lifestyle change. A change in lifestyle calls for effort and resources. The preconditions of successful weight management were one.s own actions, motivation and resources. Weight management was made more difficult by lack of commitment to one’s own actions and lack of goals, self-discipline and motivation. The information obtained with the study may be utilised in developing interventions aimed at persons at risk of type 2 diabetes as well as their contents and methods. The results can also be made use of in improving the counselling skills of health-care students and professionals. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata tyypin 2 diabeteksen riskiryhmään kuuluvien työikäisten henkilöiden painonhallinnan ja elintapamuutoksen tunnuspiirteitä. Tutkimukseen osallistui 74 työikäistä tyypin 2 diabeteksen korkean riskin henkilöä. Tutkittavista 33 oli miehiä ja 41 naisia He osallistuivat ravitsemusterapeutin ryhmäohjaukseen joko etä- tai lähiryhmässä. Etäryhmiä oli 5. Niissä ohjaus toteutui siten, että ohjaaja oli videoneuvottelulaitteiden avulla yhteydessä ryhmäläisiin, jotka olivat kokoontuneet oman kuntansa terveyskeskuksen kokoustilaan. Lähiryhmiä oli 6. Niissä ohjaus toteutettiin siten, että ohjaaja ja ryhmäläiset olivat samassa tilassa. Kussakin ryhmässä oli 5–9 osallistujaa. Tutkimusaineistona käytettiin videoituja keskusteluaineistoja, joissa ryhmään osallistuneet kuvasivat elintapamuutoksen hyötyjä ja haittoja ohjausprosessin alussa, painonhallintatilannettaan ohjausprosessin alussa, lopussa ja seurantakäynnillä sekä painonhallinnan onnistumisen edellytyksiä ja riskitekijöistä seurantakäynnillä 1,5 vuotta ohjausprosessin päättymisen jälkeen. Lisäksi tutkimusaineistoa kerättiin ennen ensimmäistä ja viimeistä ohjauskertaa sekä ennen seurantakäyntiä tutkittaville lähetetyllä kyselyllä. Paino mitattiin ohjausprosessin alussa, lopussa ja seurantakäynnillä. Videoaineisto analysoitiin sekä induktiivisella että deduktiivisella sisällönanalyysilla. Aineiston analysoinnissa käytettiin myös SPSS 16.0 for Windows -ohjelmaa. Ohjausprosessin alussa tutkittavista 68 % oli harkintavaiheessa, 9 % valmistautumis- ja 14 % toimintavaiheessa ja ohjausprosessin lopussa 24 % oli harkinta-, 33 % valmistautumis- ja 40 % toimintavaiheessa. Tutkittavista 40 edistyi elintapamuutosvaiheessaan, 18 pysyi ennallaan ja 5 taantui. Puolentoista vuoden kuluttua ohjausprosessin päättymisestä noin puolet tutkittavista oli ylläpitovaiheessa jonkun elintavan suhteen (kuidun ja rasvan käyttö, ruokamäärä, ateriarytmi, liikunta, alkoholin käyttö). Repsahduksista raportoi 21 henkilöä. Niitä oli tapahtunut eniten ruokamäärän rajoittamisen suhteen. Elintapamuutoksen hyötynä nähtiin terveyden ja toimintakyvyn paraneminen. Elintapamuutos vaatii vaivannäköä ja voimavaroja. Painonhallinnan onnistumisen edellytyksiä olivat oma toiminta, motivaatio ja voimavarat. Sitoutumattomuus omaan toimintaan, tavoitteiden, itsekurin ja motivaation puute vaikeuttivat painonhallintaa. Tutkimuksen avulla saatua tietoa voidaan käyttää kehitettäessä tyypin 2 diabeteksen riskiryhmiin kuuluvien henkilöiden ohjauksen sisältöä ja menetelmiä. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää myös terveydenhuollon opiskelijoiden ja ammattihenkilöiden ohjaustaitojen kehittämisessä.