The purpose of this study was to examine conservation, livelihoods, and the role of tourism. The village of Sukau in the Kinabatangan District of Sabah, Malaysia, served as a case study. The vital importance of the Lower Kinabatangan in wildlife conservation, coupled with the tourism potential of the region, underpinned the creation of the Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary in 2005. The 26,000 hectare sanctuary is fragmented in nature and surrounded by palm oil plantations. Still, with the protection of these fragmented forested areas, Sukau has evolved into the ‘hub’ of tourism in the Lower Kinabatangan. The majority of visitors come to Sukau for the opportunity to view the flagship species of the Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (orang-utan, Bornean pygmy elephant, proboscis monkey, and hornbills) in the wild. Many of the local villagers own land which is still forested and serves as important ecological links between the fragmented protected areas. However many of the villagers plan to use their lands for smallholder palm oil farming in the future. This will further fragment the forested areas of the Wildlife Sanctuary, and will have severe implications for nature conservation and tourism in Sukau. The Sabah Tourism Master Plan (1996) stresses that for the tourism-conservation linkage to be effective in Sukau, the local community must benefit from tourism. If the locals of Sukau are able to depend on tourism as a livelihood option, then perhaps the forested areas of the Wildlife Sanctuary will not be further fragmented in the near future. This study will attempt to answer whether tourism is an effective alternative livelihood source for the locals of Sukau. Predominantly qualitative research methods were used for this study. These included semi-structured interviews with the local villagers of Sukau, and informal interviews with key informants in the area. Structured questionnaires and interviews were also undertaken with lodges in and near the village. The information gathered from these sources was further strengthened by my own personal and participatory observations. In 2006, 10 per cent of the population of Sukau, and 23 per cent of the estimated total workforce were directly employed in tourism. Results indicate that having tourism as a livelihood option has made the villagers more motivated to protect their environment. Yet the locals of Sukau disagree that their community benefits sufficiently from tourism, and smallholder palm oil farming is viewed as the more lucrative livelihood option. The current financial crisis (2008-9) has complicated the likely contribution of tourism to livelihoods and conservation in the future. Nevertheless it is likely that both the palm oil and tourism industries will recover from the economic downturn, and consequently they will both continue to be future livelihood options for the villagers of Sukau. Therefore steps should be made to improve both industries for the benefit of livelihoods and nature conservation in Sukau. There are a number of potential ways in which tourism could be improved in Sukau to bring more benefits to the locals. If these suggested improvements occur, then the effectiveness of tourism as an alternative livelihood source for the locals of Sukau will be enhanced.

H αύξηση των περιβαλλοντικών, αισθητικών και λειτουργικών απαιτήσεων που πρέπει να πληρούν οι σύγχρονες κατασκευές Πολιτικού Μηχανικού, σε συνδυασμό με την απαίτηση για συμπίεση του κόστους του κύκλου ζωής τους, οδηγούν στην ανάγκη για τη διερεύνηση της εφαρμογής νέων υλικών και μεθόδων που θα εφαρμοσθούν στη κατασκευή των δομικών έργων. Στην κατεύθυνση αυτή κινούνται οι μέθοδοι κατασκευής δομικών στοιχείων με τη χρήση παραμενόντων τύπων. Η παρούσα Διατριβή πραγματεύεται, τόσο σε αναλυτικό όσο και σε πειραματικό επίπεδο, το σχεδιασμό επίπεδων στοιχείων Ο/Σ που παρασκευάζονται έναντι παραμενόντων τύπων παρασκευασμένων από σύνθετα υλικά τσιμεντοειδούς μήτρας και οπλισμένων με πλέγματα μη μεταλλικών ινών (Ινοπλέγματα σε Ανόργανη Μήτρα-ΙΑΜ). Η Διατριβή αναπτύσσει την διαδικασία σχεδιασμού που προορισμός της είναι να ενσωματωθεί σε έναν αλγόριθμο βέλτιστου σχεδιασμού για την επίτευξη σχεδιαστικών λύσεων που θα αντιστοιχούν στο ελάχιστο κόστος κατασκευής για το σύμμεικτο στοιχείο. Η διαδικασία σχεδιασμού τροφοδοτείται από ένα εκτενές πρόγραμμα πειραματικών δοκιμών. / The continuously raising demands for cost effective and environmental friendly concrete structures which should fulfill also high aesthetic design criteria, lead the Engineers to explore new construction methods and materials. The application of semi-prefabrication techniques, involving the use of participating Stay-in-Place formwork elements seems to be an attractive solution. The present dissertation deals with the experimental and analytical investigation of one-way concrete slabs cast over Stay-In-Place formwork elements produced from cementitious composite materials reinforced with textile structures from non-metallic continuous fibers (Textile Reinforced Concrete). In this dissertation a design procedure for Composite Reinforced Concrete (RC)/TRC one-way slabs is developed. For the development of the design procedure the results from an extensive experimental investigation campaign were exploited. The campaign focused on the mechanical behavior of RC/TRC composite slabs under four point bending. Also tests on the formwork elements under four point bending tests were carried out. Ahead of the bending tests, uniaxial tension tests on dumbbell TRC specimens were conducted in order to characterize this composite material. Finally, the design procedure was integrated on a Genetic Algorithm in order to achieve minimum-cost design solutions.

Introduction: La réinstitution de l’alimentation entérale en deçà de 24h après une chirurgie digestive semble a priori conférer une diminution du risque d’infections de plaie, de pneumonies et de la durée de séjour. Le but de cette étude est de vérifier l’effet de la reprise précoce de l’alimentation entérale sur la durée de séjour hospitalier suite à une chirurgie colique. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude prospective randomisée dans laquelle 95 patients ont été divisés aléatoirement en deux groupes. Dans le groupe contrôle, la diète est réintroduite lorsque le patient passe des gaz ou des selles per rectum, et qu’en plus il n’est ni nauséeux ni ballonné. Les patients du groupe expérimental reçoivent pour leur part une diète liquide dans les 12 heures suivant la chirurgie, puis une diète normale aux repas subséquents. L’objectif primaire de cette étude est de déterminer si la réinstitution précoce de l'alimentation entérale post chirurgie colique diminue la durée de séjour hospitalier lorsque comparée au régime traditionnel de réintroduction de l’alimentation. Les objectifs secondaires sont de quantifier l’effet de la réintroduction précoce de la diète sur les morbidités periopératoires et sur la reprise du transit digestif. Résultats: La durée de séjour hospitalier a semblé être légèrement diminuée dans le groupe expérimental (8,78±3,85 versus 9,41±5,22), mais cette difference n’était pas statistiquement significative. Des nausées ou des vomissements furent rapportés chez 24 (51%) patients du bras experimental et chez 30 (62.5%) patients du groupe contrôle. Un tube nasogastrique a du être installé chez un seul patient du groupe experimental. La morbidité périopératoire fut faible dans les deux groupes. Conclusion: Il semble sécuritaire de nourrir précocément les patients suite à une chirurgie colique. Cependant cette étude n’a pu démontrer un impact significatif de la reintroduction précoce de l alimentation per os sur la durée de séjour hospitalier. / Introduction: of early feeding within 24 hours of intestinal surgery seems advantageous in terms of reduction of wound infection, pneumonia and length of hospital stay. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of early enteral nutrition in length of hospital stay in comparison to traditional postoperative feeding regimen. Method: This prospective study enrolled 95 patients randomized in two groups: control group patients receive enteral feeding in absence of nausea or vomiting, abdominal distension and after passage of flatus or stools, while patients in experimental group were fed a liquid diet within 12 hours of surgery, followed by a regular diet at the next meal. The primary endpoint was the impact of early oral feeding on hospital length of stay. The secondary endpoint was to measure the impact of the diet reintroduction modality on the incidence of early postoperative morbidity and return of bowel function. Result: Length of hospital stay was slightly diminished in the experimental group compared to control (8,78±3,85 versus 9,41±5,22), but the difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were reported in 24 (51,0%) patients in experimental group and 30 (62,5%) in control group. Only one patient required nasogastric tube insertion. The majority of patients did not demonstrate any postoperative morbidity in both groups. Conclusion: Early enteral nutrition is safe after intestinal surgery. However we did not demonstrate that early enteral feeding diminished length of hospital stay or hastened the return of bowel function.

Bien que les chercheurs fassent état de l ’importance croissante de l ’individualisme en droit québécois de la famille, il n ’est pas clair que ces conclusions soient fondées sur une définition constante du phénomène. Il est primordial de comprendre la dynamique mouvante de cette tendance, ses caractéristiques ainsi que son lien avec le droit. Au moyen d ’une approche socio-juridique, le présent mémoire décrit ce phénomène et définit trois indicateurs pour explorer si et comment le droit social et privé québécois de la famille s ’individualise autour de la mère au foyer. Au final, le mémoire démontre que le droit de la famille vise, reconnaît et supporte concrètement très peu la mère au foyer. L ’observation de ce cas a plutôt mis en lumière une tendance à la diminution de mesures ou services qui la supportent, tendance qui est notamment liée à la fiscalisation, la contractualisation et l ’octroi d ’une large discrétion judiciaire. / Although researchers have given much attention to the growing importance of individualism in Quebec family law, it is unclear whether these conclusions refer to the same definition of the phenomenon. It is essential to understand the dynamic quality of this tendency, its characteristics as well as its relationship with the law. Using a socio- juridical approach, this thesis explores the phenomenon through three indicators. Specifically, we have undertaken to examine the individualization of Quebec ’s social family law and private family law in the case of the stay-at-home mother. Our analysis reveals that Quebec family law aims, acknowledges and concretly supports the autonomy of the stay-at-home mother very little. Our observations have rather highlighted a decrease in mesures and services that support her, a tendency that is related to the fiscalization, the contractualization and the important judiciary discretion characteristic of contemporary family law.

No description available.

1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with motivation in teaching profession. It is devided into two parts. The teoratical part summarizes issues and motivation of teaching profession. The aim of the empirical part is research analysis focused on the view of the respondents' issues, their experiences and opinions. The results show that due to the respondents there are a lot of unsatisfactory factors, which are not long-term resolvable while these respondents speak about positive factors just sporadically. It is understood for them that some teachers were left the teaching profession.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-20T14:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Miguel Aprelino Alito.pdf: 4695957 bytes, checksum: 0f8d53c15612c14ec0bd4276f60d6c20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-26T12:50:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Miguel Aprelino Alito.pdf: 4695957 bytes, checksum: 0f8d53c15612c14ec0bd4276f60d6c20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T12:50:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Miguel Aprelino Alito.pdf: 4695957 bytes, checksum: 0f8d53c15612c14ec0bd4276f60d6c20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / Introdução: Protocolos multimodais, quando empregados, melhoram variáveis clínicas perioperatórias e pós-operatórias. Existe pouca informação sobre abreviação do jejum préoperatório com oferta de líquidos claros enriquecidos com carboidratos e imunomoduladores em operações ortopédicas. O projeto ACERTO (ACEleração da Recuperação Total pósoperatória) é baseado em um programa europeu já existente (ERAS) e fundamentado no paradigma da medicina baseada em evidências. É antes de tudo um programa educativo. Objetivos: Avaliar variáveis clínicas, bioquímicas inflamatórias e segurança de um protocolo multimodal em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de artroplastia total do quadril, utilizando-se técnica cimentada em fêmur e sem cimento no acetábulo (artroplastia total de quadril tipo híbrida). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com 32 pacientes (16 do sexo masculino, com idade média de 58 anos variando de 26 a 85 anos) randomizados em dois grupos: 17 pacientes (Grupo ACERTO) submetidos a jejum abreviado com oferta de maltodextrina a 12,5%, 2h antes da indução anestésica e uso de dieta imunomoduladora por cinco dias previamente a cirurgia; 15 pacientes (Grupo CONTROLE) submetidos a jejum de 8 horas sem terapia nutricional préoperatória. Foram avaliados clinicamente broncoaspiração na indução anestésica e tempo de internação e em exames laboratoriais os níveis de hemoglobina (HB), velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS) e proteína C reativa (PCR) no pré-operatório e com 48h de pósoperatório. Resultados: Não ocorreram óbitos, infecções, luxações da prótese, necessidade de reoperação, ou transfusões sanguíneas. Nenhum caso de broncoaspiração ocorreu na indução anestésica. Pacientes do Grupo ACERTO apresentaram, em média, dois dias a menos de internação hospitalar (P < 0,01). A taxa de HB foi similar entre os grupos no pré e pósoperatório. Valores de VHS se mantiveram semelhantes entre os grupos no pós-operatório (p = 0,09), mas a PCR foi maior no grupo CONTROLE no pós-operatório (p = 0,01). Conclusão: Abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com oferta de carboidratos na artroplastia total de quadril é segura, podendo ser praticada. O protocolo investigado como um todo diminuiu o tempo de internação hospitalar e valores de PCR no pós-operatório. / Introduction: Multimodal protocols, when used, enhance several perioperative clinical variables. Limited information is available about the reduction of preoperative fasting with administration of clear liquids enriched with carbohydrate and immunomodulators in orthopedic surgeries. The ACERTO (Accelerated Postoperative Total Recovery) is based on an existing European program (ERAS) and based on the paradigm of evidence-based medicine. It is an educational program. Objectives: To evaluate clinical, biochemical inflammatory variables and safety of the method, shortening up the fast with drink containing carbohydrates and use of immunomodulatory diet in patients undergoing surgery for total hip arthroplasty using cementless technique on the femur and the acetabulum without cement (total hip arthroplasty hybrid type). Methods: A prospective study of 32 patients (16 males, with a mean age of 58 years ranging de 26 to 85 years) were randomized into two groups: 17 patients (Group ACERTO) undergoing abbreviated to offer 12,5% maltodextrin fasting, 2h before induction of anesthesia and use of immunomodulatory diet for five days prior to surgery; 15 patients (Group CONTROL) fasted for 8 hours without preoperative nutritional therapy. Clinically aspiration during induction of anesthesia and hospitalization time and in laboratory tests the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) preoperatively and 48 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Results: There were no deaths, infections, dislocations of the prosthesis, reoperation, or blood transfusions. No cases of aspiration occurred during anesthetic induction. Group ACERTO patients had, on average, two days less hospitalization (P < 0,01). Results of hemoglobin did not differ among groups in preoperative and postoperative. VHS values remained similar between groups postoperatively (p = 0,09), but CRP was higher in the control group postoperatively (p = 0,01). Conclusion: Preoperative fasting abbreviation with of carbohydrates in total hip arthroplasty is safe and may be practiced. The protocol investigated as a whole, decreased hospital stay and CRP levels postoperatively.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeADA_DISSERT.pdf: 5621618 bytes, checksum: feb61d4327573fb26291a997347a2647 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aging population and individual have been the subject of a multitude of studies nowadays. This is probably due to the impact of this phenomenon in various sectors of society, like social security, social assistance and public health. The process of aging of the individual imply the demand for specific services, considering the limitations and vulnerabilities of the individual at that stage of life cycle. The growth of the elderly contingent in the last decades raises challenges for policymakers, the family and also for the society at large. In this scenario, long-stay institutions for the elderly (LSIEs) appear as an option to aid and support the elderly and their family, assisting in all or part in the activities of daily living and self-care. Inside these LSIEs we find the professional responsible for the direct care of the elderly, the formal caregiver. In this context, this dissertation presents two main objectives: an analysis of the phenomenon of population aging in a given brazilian municipality Natal / RN, based on the Demographic Censuses of 2000 e 2010; and a social, demographic and economic characterization of the Formal caregiver for the institutionalized elderly in the municipality, evaluating aspects of his quality of life and also analyzing the institutions where they are inserted. Furthermore, we intend to identify demographic, socioeconomic and quality of life factors that are correlated with caregivers quitting the job. The data used in the second part of this work comes from the research project named Long-Stay Institutions for Elderly: abandonment or a family need? . This survey interviewed 92 caregivers in eleven LSIEs in Natal/RN. In the data treatment logistic regressions, cluster analysis and statistical tests were used. The survey revealed that aging in Natal is more pronounced in the older, more traditional districts: Petr?polis, Lagoa Seca and Tirol. It also allowed a broad characterization of the formal caregivers in LSIEs. Most of these professionals are female. The educational level is predominantly complete high school and more. Most caregivers reported being married or in union, or have ever been in a union. Family monthly income is under three times the minimum wage. The mean age is of 37.4 years. The mean time of work as a caregiver was 5.93 years. The associations showed that being woman, not being single, having caregiving training and physical limitations (regarding quality of life) are related to wanting to quit the caregiving job. As for the characterization of the LSIEs, it was found that the philanthropic ones are older and have most (62.5%) of the institutionalized elderly. The institutions managers gave social interaction and affinity with the elderly as the main criteria with which to evaluate and hire caregivers. It is intended with this study to contribute to improving the quality of life of the elderly and their caregiver, providing information on aspects of institutionalization of elderly both in the philanthropic and particular institutions, in Natal/RN; this dissertation may also be used as a starting point for later works / O envelhecimento populacional e individual tem sido objeto de diversos estudos na atualidade. Isso se deve, provavelmente, ao impacto desse fen?meno em diversos setores da sociedade, principalmente nos de previd?ncia social, assist?ncia social e sa?de p?blica. O envelhecimento do indiv?duo, na figura do idoso, demanda servi?os espec?ficos, tendo em vista as limita??es e vulnerabilidades do indiv?duo nessa fase da vida humana. O crescimento desse contingente nas ?ltimas d?cadas traz desafios para os gestores, para a fam?lia e para a sociedade. Nesse cen?rio, as institui??es de longa perman?ncia para idosos (ILPI) surgem como uma op??o de aux?lio e amparo ao idoso e a sua fam?lia, com a presta??o de assist?ncia integral ou parcial nas atividades de vida di?ria e no autocuidado. No ambiente dessas ILPIs se encontra o profissional respons?vel pelo cuidado direto ao idoso, o cuidador formal de idosos. Diante de tal contexto, a disserta??o apresenta dois grandes enfoques: uma an?lise do fen?meno do envelhecimento populacional num determinado munic?pio brasileiro &#8210; Natal/RN, &#8210; com base nos Censos Demogr?ficos de 2000 e 2010, e uma caracteriza??o social, demogr?fica e econ?mica do cuidador formal de idosos institucionalizado do munic?pio, avaliando os aspectos de sua qualidade de vida, e tamb?m, analisando as institui??es onde est?o inseridos. Ademais, pretende-se identificar os fatores socioecon?micos e demogr?ficos, e os ligados ? qualidade de vida que levam os cuidadores a deixar essa ocupa??o. Os dados utilizados na segunda parte deste trabalho prov?m do projeto de pesquisa intitulado Institui??es de longa perman?ncia para idosos: abandono ou. uma necessidade familiar? . A pesquisa envolveu 92 cuidadores formais, distribu?dos em onze ILPIs localizadas em Natal/RN. No tratamento dos dados, foram utilizadas Regress?es Log?sticas, An?lise de Agrupamento e Testes Estat?sticos. A pesquisa permitiu constatar que o envelhecimento no munic?pio de Natal ? maior nos bairros mais antigos e tradicionais: Petr?polis, Lagoa Seca e Tirol. Permitiu tamb?m uma ampla caracteriza??o dos cuidadores formais lotados nas ILPIs. A maioria ? do sexo feminino. A escolaridade predominante ? ensino m?dio completo e mais. A maior parte dos cuidadores declararam estar casados/unidos ou alguma vez unidos. A renda familiar mensal ? inferior a tr?s sal?rios. Quanto ? idade, em m?dia, ? de 37,4 anos. O tempo m?dio de exerc?cio da fun??o de cuidador ? de 5,93 anos. As associa??es mostraram que ser mulher, n?o ser solteiro, fazer o curso de cuidador e a limita??o por aspectos f?sicos (dom?nio da qualidade de vida) se relacionam a pretens?o de deixar de ser cuidador de idosos (atividade). Quanto ? caracteriza??o das ILPIs, verificou-se que as de natureza filantr?pica s?o mais antigas e concentram o maior n?mero de idosos institucionalizados (62,5%). Para contratar os cuidadores, os dirigentes das ILPIs citaram como principal qualidade/capacidade a intera??o social e a afinidade com o idoso. Pretende-se, com este estudo, contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida do idoso e de seu cuidador formal, fornecendo informa??es sobre aspectos da institucionaliza??o do idoso, tanto em estabelecimentos filantr?picos quanto em estabelecimentos privados, no munic?pio de Natal/RN, que poder?o servir de par?metro para estudos posteriores mais aprofundados

Estudo retrospectivo de 119 pacientes com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma ductal invasivo no estádio clínico III tratadas com quimioterapia neoadjuvante (FEC), mastectomia e adjuvância. Destas, 85 optaram por reconstrução mamária imediata (RMI) com retalho transverso músculo-cutâneo de reto-abdominal e 34, não. Com seguimento médio de 52,7 meses avaliou-se o tempo de hospitalização, a inter-relação com a adjuvância, recidiva local, o tempo livre de doença e o tempo total de sobrevida, concluindo-se que, apesar de aumentar o tempo de hospitalização, a RMI não interfere com os demais ítens, podendo ser indicada para pacientes portadoras de carcinoma mamário em estádio clínico avançado / A retrospective study with 119 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FEC), mastectomy and adjuvant therapy. Eight-five patients chose immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and, 34 did not do it. The mean follow-up was 52.7 months. Length of stay, adjuvant therapy interrelation, local recurrence, disease-free survival and overall survival were evaluated. It was concluded that despite a longer stay, IBR did not interfere with any of the other factors analyzed and may be indicated for patients with advanced breast disease

Orientadores: Maria Lygia Quartim de Moraes, João Carlos Soares Zuin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T17:04:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_FernandaDiFlora_M.pdf: 1527594 bytes, checksum: 0fb8462a4b390edbcf3dbf76730c13f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Desde o início da década de 1990, os países-membros da União Européia tem se movido em direção a políticas e leis de imigração cada vez mais repressivas, punitivas e de amplo caráter discriminatório. A intensificação desta política bem como a militarização progressiva de suas fronteiras tem construído o fenômeno político denominado fortaleza Europa, constituído por muros reais e virtuais, pela vigilância constante tanto dos limites territoriais como do próprio espaço público e pelas práticas sancionadas pelos Estados de estigmatização dos imigrantes, refugiados e solicitantes de asilo com base em sua origem cultural, fenótipo e etnia. Neste contexto, o Estado italiano aparece como um caso exemplar desta nova política, pautada pela ótica da emergência, da exclusão de todos os seres considerados indesejáveis e pelo racismo de ordem cultural, que concebe o estrangeiro como incapaz de se adaptar aos valores ocidentais, sobretudo aos valores italianos. Esta dissertação tem como objeto a política italiana para imigração, cujo pilar principal é constituído pela instauração dos Centros de Permanência Temporária, espaço de exceção nos quais são confinados os imigrantes ilegais, refugiados e solicitantes de asilo, e nos quais se efetua a espoliação do estatuto jurídico destes seres, convertendo-os em não-pessoas. Nesse sentido, a análise destes espaços e da política que os criou pode ser capaz de revelar o sentido da reaplicação de esquemas racistas na configuração das relações sociais,bem como o lugar ocupado pelo paradigma da segurança e da exceção, nos quais se pautam diversos Estados europeus e que redefinem a política na atualidade / Abstract: Since the early 1990s, member states of the European Union (EU) have moved toward policies and immigration laws increasingly repressive, punitive and discriminatory. The intensification of these policies and the gradual militarization of EU's borders have built a political phenomenon called Fortress Europe, which consists of real and virtual walls, constant surveillance by both the territorial limits and the very public space and practices sanctioned by the States of stigmatization of immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers based on their cultural background, ethnicity and phenotype. In this context, the Italian State appears as a striking example of this new policy, guided by the optics of emergency, the exclusion of all beings that are considered undesirable, and by cultural racism that sees the foreigner as unable to adapt to Western values, especially Italian values. This thesis aims at Italian immigration policy, which main point is the establishment of Temporary Stay and Assistance Centers. These centers are states of exception in which illegal immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers are confined to, their legal status is spoiled, and thus, they are turned into non-persons. In this sense, the analysis of these states and the politics that created them may reveal the meaning of racist reapplication regimens in the social relations set, and the place occupied by the security and exception paradigm, in which several European States are governed redefining the political scene today / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia