This master’s thesis deals with the position of the hands on the steering wheel and its impact on the driving manoeuvre time. In the theoretical part, the correct sitting position of the driver, his seat and steering wheel settings were described. Furthermore, the analysis of the initial positions of the palms on the steering wheel was carried out as well as the positions that are recommended for quiet driving on the highway. These positions were analysed in terms of the ability to turn the steering wheel and to provide a range of turning in given positions. For the experimental measurements, a questionnaire for the passenger vehicle drivers was created. The responses were evaluated to construct the most common hand positions on the steering wheel. From the selected positions, test drives were conducted to determine the required time for manoeuvring or the time required for change of hand positions on the steering wheel to perform the manoeuvre.

Tourner le volant d’une automobile peut s’avérer difficile pour les conducteurs ayant des déficiences motrices des membres supérieurs. En effet, ce mouvement demande une grande mobilité et une force musculaire non négligeable. A ce jour, les directions assistées automobiles sont réglées uniquement sur le ressenti des conducteurs sans déficiences motrices. Le projet ANR VTT VolHand, dans lequel ce travail de recherche s’inscrit, ambitionne d’apporter une réponse à cette problématique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de renseigner la biomécanique du geste déjà chez le conducteur sans déficiences motrices (sain). Pour cela, l’interaction main/volant, ainsi que la cinématique (ex. angles articulaires) et la dynamique (ex. efforts sur volant, efforts articulaires) du geste de tourner le volant sont étudiés au travers de plusieurs analyses multidimensionnelles multivariables (atemporelle et temporelle). La méthode originale proposée s’appuie sur un découpage flou du volant et des variables cinématiques et dynamiques. La population expérimentée compte une centaine de sujets, dont 23 sujets sans déficience motrice. La plateforme expérimentale regroupe principalement un simulateur automobile compact permettant le recueil des efforts développés par chaque main, une consigne de suivi de trajectoire incitant le conducteur à reproduire un angle désiré et un système optoélectronique mesurant le geste de tourner le volant.Les résultats de l’analyse de l’interaction main/volant mettent en évidence 3 profils de conducteurs : les conducteurs croiseurs, les conducteurs croiseurs asymétriques et les conducteurs non croiseurs. L’analyse des variables cinématiques et dynamiques montrent que les variables dynamiques résultant du tirer/pousser le volant sont discriminantes. Deux nouveaux profils sont alors identifiés : les pousseurs moyens et les tireurs. En majorité, les conducteurs sains tendent à croiser les mains et à pousser sur le volant lors de la réalisation d’un geste de tourner le volant à basse vitesse.Plusieurs perspectives sont proposées à court terme, à moyen terme et à long terme. L’une d’entre elles concerne l’adaptation de l’assistance aux caractéristiques motrices des conducteurs avec déficience motrice. / Steering wheel can be difficult for divers with disabilities on upper limb. Indeed, the steering action might require a large range of motion of upper limb and some muscular strength. Power steering systems that are currently proposed in car were implemented to match non disabled driver feelings and needs. ANR VTT VolHand project wants to enlarge the field of power steering system to drivers with disabilities on upper limbs. The present work is a part of this project. As a preliminary approach, the objective was to analyze the upper limb motion of healthy drivers during a steering exercise. Different multivariable analyses (low level of time summarizing and high level of time summarizing) were done to study hand/wheel interactions, kinematics variables (e.g. joint angles) and dynamics variables (e.g. joint torques). An original fuzzy windowing was proposed to describe hand position on steering wheel, kinematic and dynamics variables. One hundred subjects participated to experiment, included 23 healthy subjects, which consisted on a low speed steering task. The experimental platform was composed of a compact driving simulator, that allow the measurement of each hand effort on the steering wheel, a steering exercise based on a line following protocol, and a motion capture system.Analysis of hand/wheel interaction showed the existence of three driver profiles: hand crossing, asymmetric hand crossing and non hand crossing. Analysis of kinematics and dynamics variables showed that pulling/pushing forces were also discriminating. As a consequence, two additional profiles were identified: mean pushing drivers and pulling drivers. Overall, healthy drivers were « hand crossing » and « mean pushing drivers » during a low speed steering task.Short, middle and long prospects are proposed. One of them concerns automotive power steering system adaptation for disabled drivers.

Die Hupkraftverteilung eines airbagintegrierten Automobillenkrades wird mit Hilfe einer Parameterstudie in MathCAD so optimiert, das an jeder Krafteinleitungsposition die Hupe mit einer geforderten Mindestkraft betätigt werden kann. Nach der Modellierung in MathCAD der zugehörigen Geometrie und der Dimensionierung der Federlagerung ist das zugehörige mechanische Ersatzmodell mit Hilfe einer Parameterstudie verändert worden, so dass die Hupkraftforderung erfüllt wird.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aroldo Jose Washington.pdf: 1111071 bytes, checksum: c3dfa89dda56622c055d24ca9a39911a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / This work will be examined in the light of the Theory of Legal Argumentation , the weighting of constitutional principles relating to the Social Security Law . The goal will be to demonstrate that the rural worker flywheel , also called " float - cold ," Social Security is insured , and will seek classification as held Social Security therefore has the worker entitled to Social Security , despite there is no express legal provision , because it does not fit the definition of employee in the definition given by the Labor Law , as it is possible worker . In everyday practice , the employee steering wheel does not collect social security contributions , and consequently face this fact would not be insured framed as Social Security . Will demonstrate that this task is the assignment of borrower services , and therefore fits the employee steering wheel, as insured , with foundations of constitutional principles and rules governing the matter in understanding complied with the administrative and judicial . The research method is worked in a descriptive way , and will be developed with the research of labor and social security doctrines , organized with dogmatic and even search the Jurisprudence of the Courts dealing with this matter, which will bring clarity to the legal loophole which governs the matter / O presente trabalho será analisado à luz da Teoria da Argumentação Jurídica, da ponderação de princípios constitucionais, atinentes ao Direito Previdenciário. O objetivo será demonstrar que o trabalhador rural volante, denominado também de bóia fria , é segurado da Previdência Social; buscar-se-á sua classificação como segurado da Previdência Social: consequentemente, tem o trabalhador, direito ao Seguro Social, apesar de não haver expressa previsão legal, pois o mesmo não se enquadra na definição de empregado, na definição dada pelo Direito do Trabalho, por se tratar de trabalhador eventual. Na prática cotidiana, o trabalhador volante não recolhe a contribuição previdenciária; diante dessa realidade, não estaria enquadrado como segurado da Previdência Social. Demonstrar-se-á que este encargo é de atribuição do tomador de serviços; portanto, enquadra-se o trabalhador volante, como segurado, com fundamentos de princípios e regras constitucionais que regem a matéria entendimento acatado em âmbito administrativo e judicial. O método de investigação é trabalhado de maneira descritiva, e será desenvolvido com a pesquisa das doutrinas trabalhista e previdenciária, com visão dogmática organizada, e ainda pesquisa da Jurisprudência dos Tribunais que tratam desta matéria, pretendendo trazer clareza à lacuna legislativa que rege a matéria

The objective of this project is to develop a driving test using a Digital Human Modeling tool (DHM), specifically IPS IMMA, which will allow the evaluation of the ergonomics of the interior of vehicles as currently demanded by the automotive companies. Thus, improving both the design and the design process. This will involve a study of the driving and the tasks carried out by a real person to end up programming them in the DHM software. Based on this study an interface is suggested that guides engineers or ergonomists to design their own driving tests and enable them to evaluate their own designs without a high specialization in DHM tools and software. Taking into account the already present autonomous cars and their future development, the conceptual design of a two positions steering wheel (autonomous/manual driving) will be introduced as an example to be added in the driving test. This example is intended to show how DHM tools can be used to evaluate different designs solutions in early stages of the product development process. This project will be a contribution to one of the sections of the ADOPTIVE project carried out at the University of Skövde and in collaboration with Swedish automotive companies.

Force feedback steering wheels are used in games or simulations and provides the driver with a more realistic experience in different simulated driving environments. These simulators can also improve driving skills and help reduce costs and time in the development of automotive technology. This project is conducted at Luleå University of Technology for a bachelor degree at the automotive system technology program. The aim is to design and fabricate a functioning compact force feedback steering wheel that includes manufacturing mechanical parts with a 3D-printer and designing high precision parts with CAD software. The integration of advanced electronics is also part of the project. The challenge is to make the mechanical parts and electronics work seamlessly together in order to create a well-functioning system and at the same time reduce costs to the budget. This project is a test of the wide range of engineering abilities learned in the automotive system technology program. Limitations and challenges include the limited area of the 3D printer, the low cost electric motor and the limited space inside of the steering wheel unit which result in a compact product. Part of the project is also to compare existing products on the market to create a product specification and bench marking.

Dokumentet går igenom könsskillnaderna mellan män och kvinnor när det gäller datoranvändning, och hur användandets utveckling har skett på den senaste tiden. Den belyser även hur människans kropp, styrenheterna och spelet länkar varandra på ett kommunikativt sätt. Kontrollernas funktioner och styrsätt förklaras i basis för få en inblick i styrenheternas kommunikationssätt. Kontrollerna som tas upp grupperas därefter i olika rörelsemoment. En enkätundersökning kompletterar och stärker bilden över könsskillnader, åldersgränser, speltimmar, genre kategorisering och framtida behov. De problem som finns när det gäller kommunikation är att de inte är tillräckliga när man spelar. Oftast så är användare ute efter att ha en verklighetskänsla samt få en inlevelse i spelen. Dokumentets syfte är att ta reda på vilka kommunikativa metoder som finns och kontrollera om de är tillräckliga för att uppnå denna inlevelse i spelen. För att kunna tackla problemen så görs det en omvärldsanalys i arbetet samt en positivistisk tolkning av resultatet. Enkätundersökningen innehöll både kvantitativa och kvalitativa frågor. Vi har också kollat reliabiliteten och validiteten på källorna och enkätundersökningens svar. Själva slutsatserna dras genom en induktiv metod. / This document goes through the gender differences between men and women when operating computers and how the using has developed through the past years. It also gives the reader how the human body, the controllers and the game link together in a communicative way. The controller functions and way of steering are explained in a basic way to get an overview on the controller’s communicative ways. The controllers that are brought up are grouped by way of movement. A survey strengthens the view over gender differences, age, hours of game play, genre categorization and future needs. The problem when it comes to communication, it’s not enough when you're playing. Users are mostly after the "reality-feel" and to get empathy in games. The purpose of this document is to find existing communicative methods and to control if they are enough to get empathy in games. To tackle these problems, we did a global analysis and a positivistic interpretation of the result. The survey contained both quantitative and qualitative questions. We also checked the reliability and validity in the sources and the survey. The conclusions were drawn in an inductive method.

<p>Dokumentet går igenom könsskillnaderna mellan män och kvinnor när det gäller</p><p>datoranvändning, och hur användandets utveckling har skett på den senaste tiden.</p><p>Den belyser även hur människans kropp, styrenheterna och spelet länkar varandra på ett</p><p>kommunikativt sätt. Kontrollernas funktioner och styrsätt förklaras i basis för få en inblick i</p><p>styrenheternas kommunikationssätt. Kontrollerna som tas upp grupperas därefter i olika</p><p>rörelsemoment. En enkätundersökning kompletterar och stärker bilden över könsskillnader,</p><p>åldersgränser, speltimmar, genre kategorisering och framtida behov.</p><p>De problem som finns när det gäller kommunikation är att de inte är tillräckliga när man</p><p>spelar. Oftast så är användare ute efter att ha en verklighetskänsla samt få en inlevelse i</p><p>spelen.</p><p>Dokumentets syfte är att ta reda på vilka kommunikativa metoder som finns och kontrollera</p><p>om de är tillräckliga för att uppnå denna inlevelse i spelen.</p><p>För att kunna tackla problemen så görs det en omvärldsanalys i arbetet samt en positivistisk</p><p>tolkning av resultatet. Enkätundersökningen innehöll både kvantitativa och kvalitativa frågor.</p><p>Vi har också kollat reliabiliteten och validiteten på källorna och enkätundersökningens svar.</p><p>Själva slutsatserna dras genom en induktiv metod.</p> / <p>This document goes through the gender differences between men and women when operating</p><p>computers and how the using has developed through the past years. It also gives the reader</p><p>how the human body, the controllers and the game link together in a communicative way. The</p><p>controller functions and way of steering are explained in a basic way to get an overview on</p><p>the controller’s communicative ways. The controllers that are brought up are grouped by way</p><p>of movement. A survey strengthens the view over gender differences, age, hours of game</p><p>play, genre categorization and future needs.</p><p>The problem when it comes to communication, it’s not enough when you're playing. Users are</p><p>mostly after the "reality-feel" and to get empathy in games. The purpose of this document is</p><p>to find existing communicative methods and to control if they are enough to get empathy in</p><p>games. To tackle these problems, we did a global analysis and a positivistic interpretation of</p><p>the result. The survey contained both quantitative and qualitative questions. We also checked</p><p>the reliability and validity in the sources and the survey. The conclusions were drawn in an</p><p>inductive method.</p>

This work is focused on the development of a thorough study about ISO standards focused on the vehicle dynamics, standardized tests of vehicle dynamics and measured variables that allow us to describe and model the behaviour of riding vehicles properly. In the Appendix A of the thesis, there is a list of all known ISO standards dealing with given topic. The standard ISO 15037-1 Road vehicles – Vehicle dynamics test methods, Part 1: General conditions for passenger cars is described in detail, including the forms for test reports and the Appendix C and D. In the thesis, there is also described a model of minimal needed measuring system that is still in good accordance with the standard ISO 15037-1 and fulfills all its requirements. Detailed description of all used sensors that are used to measure required variables is given, as well as a short description of all sensors that are used for measurement of other variables. After that, measurement abilities of the instrumentation of measuring system RIO used in ÚADI FSI Brno is compared and confronted with requirements given by the standard, to see, if all given criteria are properly fulfilled. Because of the fact that standard-given criteria are quite mild, while the equipment of the faculty is high-level technology, mostly made directly for measuring of dynamic parameters of the vehicles, including racing vehicles, the system is in full accordance with the standard ISO 15037-1.