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This study will examine the works of a writer whose style is radically different from that of his contemporaries,who owes little to writers who came before him, and one who, although he had considerable influence on those who came after, had so individual a manner of writing that he seems to be unique in American letters.

Ce mémoire en philosophie de la médecine propose une analyse des critiques ciblant la thèse de Thomas Szasz selon laquelle la psychiatrie n'est pas une discipline médicale au sens strict. Ce mémoire poursuit trois objectifs de nature historique, épistémologique et philosophique. Sur le plan historique, l'examen des critiques vise à réévaluer l'importance de Szasz dans l'histoire récente de la psychiatrie en montrant son rôle clef dans l'histoire de la psychiatrie américaine et la place qu'il continue d'occuper en psychiatrie et en philosophie de la psychiatrie. Sur le plan épistémologique, cet examen cherche à identifier les réfutations possibles de sa conception des troubles mentaux afin d'éviter les conclusions sceptiques qui en découlent. Sur le plan philosophique, enfin, l'examen des critiques permet de clarifier la conception szaszienne des troubles qui, bien qu'elle soit souvent citée par les philosophes de la psychiatrie, est souvent mal comprise et résumée à grands traits. Approfondir l'articulation entre les différentes thèses de cette conception permettra de pallier cette lacune dans la littérature en philosophie de la santé et ouvrir de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur l'héritage de la pensée de Szasz au vingt-et-unième siècle. / This thesis in philosophy of medicine offers a review of the criticisms targeting the idea that psychiatry is not a medical discipline in the strict sense put forward by Thomas Szasz. From a historical perspective, the review of the criticisms seeks to reevaluate Szasz's importance in recent history of psychiatry by showing the key role he played in the history of American psychiatry and the one he still occupies today in psychiatry and philosophy of psychiatry. From an epistemological perspective, this review seeks to identify arguments likely to refute the szaszian analysis of disorders to prevent the skeptical challenges that flow from it. From a philosophical perspective, the review of the criticisms helps clarify the szaszian analysis of disorders which, although it is often cited by philosophers of psychiatry, is often misunderstood, and grossly summarized. Deepening the links between the different theses of the szaszian analysis of disorders will help fill this gap in philosophy of health literature and open up new avenues of research on the legacy of Szasz's thought in the twenty-first century.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_frr_me_assis.pdf: 1471651 bytes, checksum: bd5f3120db973d10a8afa75cfb12ca4f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise descritiva de três traduções para o português do romance The Red Badge of Courage, do escritor norte-americano Stephen Crane, a fim de verificar qual tradução evidencia uma correspondência estilística com o texto de partida. O capítulo 1 trata da vida do autor e de sua obra, situando-a em seu contexto histórico-literário, e de um breve estudo sobre as diversas obras e artigos que se dedicam à análise do livro em questão.O segundo capítulo discorre sobre a teoria da tradução e o problema do estilo na mesma. Esta pesquisa procura seguir a proposta de Aubert (1998) e de Barbosa (1990) no que diz respeito às modalidades (ou procedimentos) de tradução; o estudo das diferenças existentes entre os planos de representação lingüística de Vinay e Darbelnet (1995); e a tensão existente entre tradução literal e tradução livre. O capítulo 3 discorre sobre o movimento impressionista na pintura e suas influências na literatura e, portanto, em The Red Badge of Courage. O quarto capítulo trata da descrição e análise das traduções da referida obra, apontando as modalidades de tradução aplicadas aos textos, observando as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos tradutores, bem como as soluções por eles encontradas a fim de manterem o sentido do original e recriarem a forma do texto língua de partida. / The present work aims at a descriptive analysis of three translations into Portuguese of The Red Badge of Courage, by the American Stephen Crane, in order to find out which translation conveys a stylistic correspondence with the source text. Chapter 1 deals with the author's life and work, putting The Red Badge of Courage in its literary-historical context, and with a brief study about the several books and articles that contribute themselves to the analysis of The Red Badge of Courage. The second chapter is about the theory of translation and the problem of style in it. This research attempts to follow Aubert's (1998) and Barbosa's (1990) proposals regarding the procedures of translation; the study of differences between the concrete and abstract levels of expression by Vinay & Darbelnet (1995); and also the tension between literal and free translation. Chapter 3 discourses on Impressionism in painting and its influence on literature and therefore on The Red Badge of Courage. The fourth chapter deals with the description and analysis of excerpts of the above-mentioned book, pointing out the procedures of translation employed in the texts, noticing the difficulties faced by the translators, as well as the solutions they found in order to keep the original meaning and to recreate the form of the source text.

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise presents an excellent subject for the study of Jewish social progressivism in Portland in the early years of the twentieth-century. While Wise demonstrated a commitment to social justice before, during, and after his Portland years, it is during his ministry at congregation Beth Israel that he developed a full-fledged social program that was unique and remarkable by reaching out not only within his congregation but more importantly, by engaging the Christian community of Portland in interfaith activities. In so doing, Wise broke off from the traditional role expected of rabbis by bringing social causes to the fore over traditional Jewish observances. This thesis examines the years and contributions of Stephen Wise in Portland between 1900 and 1906. An overall study of the Jewish community in Portland is presented along with a general description of the condition of how both German and Eastern European Jews through their settlement, business occupation, and pace of assimilation came to envision their integration into the American mainstream. In order to fully appreciate Wise's commitment to social progressivism in Portland, this study will look to detail how Liberal Judaism, Ethical Culture, and the Social Gospel movement provided Wise with the means to combine his rabbinate with public advocacy in the prophetic tradition. The thesis then focuses on Wise's social activities and struggles against child labor, gambling, and prostitution with a special interest on the Chinese Exclusion Acts that struck the small but active Chinese community of Portland.

This dissertation examines a range of musicals to understand how and why the features that make a musical a musical are used to tell history. I argue that the historical musical is a distinctive historiographic mode that intertwines these affordances to include multiple histories. In Soft Power (2018), a musical I explore in this dissertation, David Henry Hwang introduces the idea of the “delivery system” of the musical as a particularly effective way to tell stories in both cognitive registers and affective registers. As one of the characters in the musical states, “once those violins start playing, these shows go straight to our hearts.” Many of the most beloved and most experimental musicals from the canon depict and deal with historical events. I argue that the musicals I study interpret important historical events, and do so by means of their formal properties, often intertwining several layers of history which can be experienced simultaneously by an audience.This dissertation close reads two musicals per chapter based on their historical contexts, both when they are set and when they are written. These musicals are paired together based on their shared thematic/historical and formal concerns. Soft Power responds directly to the imperialist attitudes and multiple histories at work in The King and I (1951), while both musicals consider what it means to be an American across a wide expanse of time. I focus on 1776 (1969) and Hamilton (2015) and their responses to issues such as slavery, the role of women, and war as these responses are shaped by the politics and contexts of the moment in which they were written. I pair two shows by John Kander and Fred Ebb, Cabaret (1966) and The Scottsboro Boys (2010), due to their formal similarities in using the entertainment styles from the period in which the shows are set to comment on both entertainment and history. My final chapter pairs Pacific Overtures (1976) and Assassins (1990), shows co-written by John Weidman and Stephen Sondheim, both of which critique American mythologies of historical progress. Because of the many layers that make a musical (choreography, song, orchestrations, text, and stars to name a few) there are many possibilities for layering multiple histories into any one musical. In conclusion, musical theatre is often considered fun and pleasurable, which it absolutely can be, but it also does complex historical and political work using a surprisingly sophisticated historiography to do that work.

O debate da imagética mental consiste de uma controvérsia iniciada nos anos 1970 a respeito da forma das representações mentais, e foi travada principalmente entre Stephen Kosslyn, que propunha uma forma imagética, e Zenon Pylyshyn, que propunha um formato simbólico-estrutural, além de apontar falhas conceituais na teoria da afiguração implícita no modelo pictorialista. Nesta dissertação, apresenta-se um balanço filosófico deste debate, levando em conta também críticas adicionais de Daniel Dennett aos pressupostos da abordagem pictorialista. / The mental imagery debate is a controversy that began in the 1970s concerning the form of mental representation, and was carried out mainly by Stephen Kosslyn, who defended a picture-like representation, and Zenon Pylyshyn, who proposed a symbolic-structural format. The latter also pointed out conceptual problems of the pictorialist model. This thesis presents a philosophical discussion of the debate, also taking into account additional criticisms by Daniel Dennett to the presuppositions of the pictorialist approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:43:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita de Cassia Boldarine.pdf: 2135264 bytes, checksum: 792ad9172639ab7bfd2fc2910154b3fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work our purpose is to investigate an experience in an English course which used the site Orkut for the construction of methodological strategies for the teaching of the English language. The course counted on the presence of thirty students from public schools in a two months course, with two classes a week and with texts produced by the students in the site Orkut. We investigated the potentiality of the site Orkut to the practice of the communication in English language analyzing the 357 scraps produced by the students who participated of the course in the virtual environment. To the analysis of the scraps we used the categories of analysis based on our theoretical reference, the acquisition of second language by Stephen D. Krashen, as well as the virtual communities and we concluded that Orkut presented great efficiency while virtual community of learning making it possible for us to use its social strength for educational purposes, for being a familiar environment for the students, since they feel members of that community. / Neste trabalho, nosso foco é a investigação de uma experiência em um curso de Língua Inglesa que utilizou o ambiente virtual Orkut para a construção de estratégias metodológicas para a prática da língua. O curso foi realizado com trinta alunos da rede pública de ensino com a duração de dois meses, com duas aulas presenciais por semana e a com a parte não-presencial realizada com textos produzidos no ambiente virtual Orkut. Investigamos a potencialidade do ambiente virtual Orkut para a prática da comunicação em Língua Inglesa, analisando os 357 textos produzidos pelos alunos participantes do curso no ambiente virtual. Para a análise dos scraps, utilizamos categorias de análise baseadas em nosso referencial teórico, a aquisição de língua estrangeira de Stephen Krashen, assim como nas comunidades virtuais e concluímos que o Orkut apresentou grande efetividade enquanto comunidade virtual de aprendizagem, ao nos possibilitar utilizar sua força social para fins educativos, por se tratar de um ambiente familiar aos alunos, já que eles sentem-se membros daquela comunidade.