Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3005962 bytes, checksum: 87f1474174c7da22d53a8bb248747b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / With the increasing use of the rocks as dimension stones, the necessity of an adequate technological characterization of these materials becomes necessary. This work presents the results of a technological characterization of eighteen Brazilian rock types commonly used as dimension stones. The test were carried out according to Brazilian and American standards (ASTM) and encompass physical characterization; uniaxial compression strength; impact strength; traction strength determination at bending tests; uniaxial compressive strength after freezing and thawing cycling; wave velocity. For five rock types previously selected, rock samples were submitted to chemical attack, with three different substances. Thin sections of these rock types were also analyzed. Only the results obtained for the rock type named Piracema White satisfy the suggestions by ASTM (1999) and FRAZÃO & FARJALLAT (1995, 1996). Chemical attack for all rock types tested has shown changes both into physical appearance and into mechanical and physical properties. Dark minerals (biotite) were the most attacked during cycling with acid solutions. / Com a crescente utilização das rochas como materiais de revestimento na construção civil e as exigências do mercado consumidor, da segurança e durabilidade das construções, tem aumentado a necessidade de se caracterizar adequadamente as propriedades tecnológicas de rochas ornamentais. Neste trabalho, fez-se a caracterização tecnológica de dezoito tipos de rochas utilizadas como rochas ornamentais, de acordo com normas brasileiras e métodos de ensaios norteamericanos, tendo sido realizados ensaios de caracterização física, compressão uniaxial, resistência ao impacto de corpo duro, tração na flexão, congelamento e degelo conjugado com resistência à compressão uniaxial, velocidade de propagação de ondas longitudinais. Além disso, em cinco dessas amostras, foram executados ensaios adicionais de ataque químico com três substâncias, ácido clorídrico, hidróxido de potássio e detergente, e análise petrográfica. Em relação às características das rochas, considerando todas as prescrições da ASTM C 615 (1999) e as sugestões propostas por FRAZÃO & FARJALLAT (1995, 1996), para os ensaios realizados, apenas o litotipo Piracema White satisfaz plenamente os valores sugeridos. Isso significa que as outras dezessete amostras estudadas podem apresentar alguns problemas, dependendo do uso a ser dado. O ataque químico provou que as rochas sofrem variações, tanto esteticamente quanto em relação às suas características físicas e mecânicas. Os minerais máficos foram os mais atacados pelo ácido clorídrico. Portanto, rochas com alto teor de minerais escuros, como biotita, por exemplo, sofrem mais com a ação de produtos de limpeza ácidos.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Artur / Banca: Antenor Braga Paraguassú / Banca: José Eduardo Rodrigues / Banca: Maria Heloisa Barros de Oliveira Frascá / Banca: Peter Christian Hackspacher / Resumo: Considerando um conjunto de 21 tipos de rochas utilizadas como revestimento e subdivididas em quatro conjuntos por afinidade da composição mineral (rochas carbonáticas, quartzosas, feldspáticas e quartzo-feldspáticas) foram realizados ensaios tecnológicos para a determinação do coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e da resistência à compressão uniaxial, bem como a anisotropia dessas propriedades. Os dados tecnológicos obtidos foram correlacionados com informações petrográficas qualitativas e quantitativas referentes à composição mineral, variações texturais e estruturais determinadas em seções ortogonais entre si a partir de um sistema de referência (xyz) baseado na foliação e lineação macroscopicamente visíveis. A análise integrada dos dados utilizando estatística convencional e multivariada procurou apontar as variáveis petrográficas mais relevantes para as duas propriedades tecnológicas enfocadas e suas respectivas anisotropias. A dilatação térmica e sua anisotropia são influenciadas principalmente pela composição mineral e pela orientação preferencial dos minerais embora as microfissuras desempenhem papel importante em alguns casos. A tensão de compressão mostra sua variabilidade e anisotropia influenciadas pela granulação média, tipos de contatos minerais predominantes e padrões de microfissuras mais ou menos definidos por influência da foliação presente. Constatou-se que no conjunto analisado a presença da foliação não implica necessariamente em anisotropia das duas propriedades estudadas. / Abstract: The anisotropy of thermal expansion coefficient and compressive tensile strength were determined for 21 commercially used stones gathered in four set according the main mineral composition named carbonatic, quartz-rich, feldspar-rich and quartz-feldspar-rich rocks. Using a coordinate reference system (xyz) based on the macroscopic visible foliation and lineation the samples were submitted to normalized laboratorial analyses for determination of the both technological properties and the petrographical features such as mineral composition, texture and fabric. Additionally was carried out measurements of weathered area and microcrack quantification by image analysis and texture quantification by U-stage methods. In order to understand the relationship between the anisotropy measured and petrographical data it was applied traditional and multivariate statistical analysis. The results pointed to the great significance of mineral composition and the crystallographic preferred orientation for thermal expansion and respective anisotropy, especially to monomineralic and/or foliated rocks, in spite of some cases microcracks play this role. The compressive strength is mainly controlled by a complex interaction between grain size distribution, grain boundary and microcrack patterns related or not to foliation. / Doutor

O beneficiamento de pedras preciosas representa um importante potencial empresarial e de negócios para o Brasil, em especial para regiões como a do Vale do Taquari, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, as empresas deste setor, em sua maioria pequenas, carecem de uma abordagem capaz de melhorar seus processos produtivos, diminuindo suas perdas. Este estudo buscou levantar dados do setor na região, diagnosticar questões relativas aos processos produtivos, em especial sobre perdas nos processos, e propor um modelo para análise dos processos e redução das perdas nestes. O modelo foi gerado considerando dados gerais e históricos do setor, as análises dos questionários aplicados e os mapeamentos realizados. Este modelo está dividido em duas etapas: a de análise e a do conjunto de ações para a redução das perdas. Assim, o modelo propõe uma série de técnicas e ferramentas, geralmente ligadas ao Sistema Toyota de Produção, as quais têm colaborado com diferentes setores. A implementação do modelo proposto deve possibilitar um aumento no potencial de desenvolvimento, tanto no setor de beneficiamento como em toda a cadeia produtiva das pedras preciosas. / The processing of precious stones represents an important potential business in Brazil, especially for regions such as the Taquari Valley, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. However, the companies in this sector, mostly small, lack an approach aimed at improving their production processes, reducing their losses. This study aimed at surveying data about the sector in that region, examining issues relating to production processes, in particular on losses in processes, as well as proposing a model for analysing these processes and reducing losses. The model was developed considering general and historical data in the precious stones sector, the analysis of the interviews and the mappings carried out. The model is divided into two steps: the first one is the analysis and the second one is the set of actions for reducing losses. Thus, the model proposes a series of techniques and tools, usually related to the Toyota Production System, which have cooperated with different sectors. The implementation of the proposed model shall enable an increase in the potential for development, both in the processing sector, as well as throughout the whole production chain of precious stones.

Current status: The recurrence of urinary stones is common, according to research results. Prevention of urolithiasis, especially of recurrent cases, is essential. Information about the disease, causes of urolithiasis and preventive regime are the basic principles. The patient should not only be informed about drinking and dietary regime after removal of the stone, but he should be motivated to fulfil these recommendations. Metaphylaxy is complex treatment regime; aim of whist is prevention of stone recurrence Methods: The research part was based on quantitative survey. Questionnaire, consisting of 22 questions, was used for survey.. The survey was performed at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since January 2011 till December 2013. Patients, where first stone was diagnosed, were involved. SPSS programme was used to evaluate results of quantitative survey. Medical recodes was used for secondary analysis of data of primary stone patients treated at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS programme was used for statistical analysis. The hypotheses were tested by using of Chí quadrat test. Patients: The patients with primary urinary tract stones, diagnosed in 2012 and 2013, were selected for survey. There were included 184 patients in 2012 and 102 patients in 2013. 150 patients had been addressed by questionnaire and 123 patients responded. The secondary analysis of data of patients treated for primary urinary stones at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013, was performed on 644 patients. Results: 644 patients were found as patients treated for primary stone at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013. This is in concordance with research goal: "Find, how many urinary stones patients were diagnosed at the Department of Urology, Region Hospital Ceske Budejovice since 2009 till 2013". The second research goal was: "Identify differences in dietary habits in urinary stones patients." There was fund a difference in meat intake between men and women. Decreasing trend in meat intake according to age was found, too. No difference in sugar intake was found intake between men and women. The third research goal was: " Identify the fluid intake in in urinary stones patients." There was found average fluid intake per day of 1 922 ml in women and 2 127 ml in men. The last research goal was: " Identify willingness of the patients to change their drinking and dietary regime." The willingness to to change drinking and dietary regime is affected by age of the patient, profession, way of stone removal and quality of information about to change their drinking and dietary regime. Conclusions: The drinking and dietary regime, in context with life style information, is basic for prevention of urinary stones. Fluid intake, dietary habits, physical activity, weight reduction, stress release are essential factors. The motivation, including clear and detailed information of the patient is important for compliance. The results of the theses will be offered for publishing in peer reviewed journal Urologie pro praxi.

Le mégalithisme est l'expression architecturale monumentale d'un ensemble de sociétés qui ont édifiées des structures funéraires et des pierres dressées. La genèse du mégalithisme, phénomène humain de la fin de la préhistoire, puise ses origines dans de multiples conjugaisons des différents courants de la néolithisation aux traditions variées, aux influences géographiques parfois lointaines, aux époques différentes. La combinaison de nombreux éléments sociaux de ces sociétés agro-pastorales a généré des générations d’architectes bâtisseurs et contribué à mettre en œuvre une diversité architecturale La volonté de mise œuvre des maisons des morts au même niveau que les maisons des vivants semble répondre à des critères sociaux et culturels. Une perception visuelle actualisée des mégalithismes, adaptée aux récentes thématiques développées amène un fil conducteur original d’étude de plusieurs mondes qui se sont combinés. L’état des connaissances depuis le milieu du XXème siècle a permis une appréhension différente des mégalithismes : - dans les années 1980, une connaissance plus complète des masses tumulaires et leurs liens étroits avec les chambres sépulcrales (Joussaume, 1997, 1999, 2003 ; Joussaume et al. 2006). - dans les années 2000 une prise en compte de l’histoire des monuments (Joussaume et al. 2006 ; Laporte, 2010 ; Laporte et al. 2004, 2011). - de nos jours, une appréhension différente des articulations entre les pierres dressées, les tumulus et les chambres sépulcrales (Laporte, 2015 ; Laporte et al. 2011). Le processus de cette monumentalisation architecturale a souvent fait l’objet d’études distinctes, les espaces sépulcraux et les pierres dressées servant de bases à deux axes de recherches séparées. Seule l’étude des stèles en remploi avait fait l’objet d’une attention particulière (L’Helgouac’h, 1983 ; Cassen, 2009b) et d’un rapprochement des deux dispositifs. Ce n’est que récemment que la complémentarité entre les espaces sépulcraux et les pierres dressées a réellement été proposée (Laporte, 2015b). Disposant d’un important corpus actualisé des mégalithes du département du Morbihan, il a donc été proposé de développer dans cette thèse cette notion de complémentarité entre les différents dispositifs qui constituent les mégalithismes. Les hypothèses formulées sont de démontrer que les processus de monumentalisation sont issus d’un croisement architectural entre les pierres dressées, les espaces sépulcraux et les masses tumulaires. Nous tenterons également de montrer les liens étroits qui semblent se dessiner entre trois mondes très différents mais intimement liés (le monde des vivants, le monde des morts et le monde naturel). / Megalithism is the monumental architectural expression of a group of societies that have built funerary structures and erected stones. The genesis of megalithism, the human phenomenon of the end of prehistory, draws its origins from multiple conjugations of the different currents of neolithization with varied traditions, geographical influences sometimes distant, at different times. The combination of many social elements of these agro-pastoral societies has generated generations of architects and contributed to the implementation of architectural diversity The desire to put the houses of the dead to the same level as the houses of the living seems to meet social and cultural criteria. An updated visual perception of megalithisms, adapted to the recent themes developed, brings an original thread of study of several worlds that have combined. The state of knowledge since the middle of the 20th century allowed a different apprehension of megalithisms: - in the 1980s, a more complete knowledge of the tumular masses and their close links with the sepulchral chambers (Joussaume, 1997, 1999, 2003, Joussaume et al., 2006). - in the 2000s, taking into account the history of monuments (Joussaume et al., 2006, Laporte, 2010, Laporte et al., 2004, 2011). - today, a different apprehension of the articulations between the erected stones, the tumuli and the sepulchral chambers (Laporte, 2015, Laporte et al., 2011). The process of this architectural monumentalization has often been the subject of separate studies, sepulchral spaces and erected stones serving as bases for two separate lines of research. Only the study of stelae in reuse had been the object of particular attention (L'Helgouac'h, 1983, Cassen, 2009b) and a comparison of the two devices. It is only recently that the complementarity between sepulchral spaces and erected stones has actually been proposed (Laporte, 2015b). It has therefore been proposed to develop in this thesis the notion of complementarity between the different mechanisms that constitute megalithisms. The hypotheses formulated are to demonstrate that the processes of monumentalisation are the result of an architectural crossing between the erected stones, the sepulchral spaces and the tumular masses. We will also try to show the close ties that seem to be taking shape between three very different but intimately linked worlds (the world of the living, the world of the dead and the natural world).

O beneficiamento de pedras preciosas representa um importante potencial empresarial e de negócios para o Brasil, em especial para regiões como a do Vale do Taquari, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, as empresas deste setor, em sua maioria pequenas, carecem de uma abordagem capaz de melhorar seus processos produtivos, diminuindo suas perdas. Este estudo buscou levantar dados do setor na região, diagnosticar questões relativas aos processos produtivos, em especial sobre perdas nos processos, e propor um modelo para análise dos processos e redução das perdas nestes. O modelo foi gerado considerando dados gerais e históricos do setor, as análises dos questionários aplicados e os mapeamentos realizados. Este modelo está dividido em duas etapas: a de análise e a do conjunto de ações para a redução das perdas. Assim, o modelo propõe uma série de técnicas e ferramentas, geralmente ligadas ao Sistema Toyota de Produção, as quais têm colaborado com diferentes setores. A implementação do modelo proposto deve possibilitar um aumento no potencial de desenvolvimento, tanto no setor de beneficiamento como em toda a cadeia produtiva das pedras preciosas. / The processing of precious stones represents an important potential business in Brazil, especially for regions such as the Taquari Valley, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. However, the companies in this sector, mostly small, lack an approach aimed at improving their production processes, reducing their losses. This study aimed at surveying data about the sector in that region, examining issues relating to production processes, in particular on losses in processes, as well as proposing a model for analysing these processes and reducing losses. The model was developed considering general and historical data in the precious stones sector, the analysis of the interviews and the mappings carried out. The model is divided into two steps: the first one is the analysis and the second one is the set of actions for reducing losses. Thus, the model proposes a series of techniques and tools, usually related to the Toyota Production System, which have cooperated with different sectors. The implementation of the proposed model shall enable an increase in the potential for development, both in the processing sector, as well as throughout the whole production chain of precious stones.

Resumo: Os materiais empregados na pesquisa correspondem a rochas granulíticas, mais especificamente gnaisses enderbíticos. Exibem cor que varia de verde a cinza escuro, com textura de fina a média, e foliação que varia de pouco a bem marcada. Todos estes corpos rochosos estão dispostos sob a forma de maciços. Os materiais estudados foram denominados de Verde Netuno, Verde Santa Cruz e Verde Choró, respectivamente para os granulitos das regiões de Itapipoca, Granja e Chorozinho. Foram pesquisados quanto aos aspectos tecnológicos e alteração/alterabilidade quando em uso. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar as alterabilidades das rochas selecionadas e observar os seus comportamentos uma vez expostas à ação dos agentes de alteração em laboratório, em condições correlacionáveis às do ambiente em que poderão ser aplicadas. A resposta aos ensaios tecnológicos mostra que eles apresentam boa qualidade para uso ornamental e de revestimento. Os estudos de alterabilidade realizados em rochas granulíticas demonstraram que, mesmo rochas aparentemente pouco susceptíveis a alteração, podem apresentar problemas de degradação quando submetidas a ambientes poluídos quimicamente agressivos. Sobre estes aspectos, observou-se que as características petrográficas e os índices físicos (porosidade e absorção) são ferramentas muito importantes para a avaliação da durabilidade das rochas como materiais de revestimento. No contexto geral estas rochas mostraram-se bastante resistentes para uso como materiais de revestimentos. / Abstract: The materials employed in this research correspond to granulitic rocks, more specifically enderbitic gneisses. Those rocks exhibit of green to dark gray color, fine to medium texture and gentle to well-marked foliation. All of them constitute massif bodies. The denominations Green Netuno, Green Santa Cruz and Green Choró were given to the granulites of Itapipoca, Granja and Chorozinho, respectively. The research was carried out taking in account the technological aspects and weathering/weatherability when in use. The essential aim of this work is to study the alterability of selected rocks and to observe their behavior once exposed to alteration agents in a laboratory environment comparable to actual environments where these rocks are used. The results of the technological tests showed that these rocks present good quality for both ornamental and of coating use. The alterability studies conducted in granulitic rocks demonstrated that, even rocks with an apparent low susceptibility to alteration, may in fact problems when submitted to chemically aggressive polluted environments. On these aspects, it was possible to notice that both the petrographic characteristics and the physical parameters (porosity and absorption) are very important tools for the evaluation of the durability of the rocks as coating materials. Therefore, in a general context the rocks studied are quite resistant regarding both to the alteration capacity and to the technological characteristics. / Orientador: Tamar Milca Bortolozzo Galembeck / Coorientador: José de Araújo Nogueira Neto / Banca: Antenor Braga Paraguassú / Banca: Maria de Fátima Torquato / Banca: Fabiano Cabanãs Navarro / Banca: Antonio Carlos Artur / Doutor

Existe atualmente uma tendência de se utilizar em revestimento das fachadas de grandes edificações placas cada vez maiores, separadas por juntas de dilatação com dimensões menores possíveis, a fim de proporcionar efeitos arquitetônicos agradáveis e ao mesmo tempo dificultar a infiltração de agentes deterioradores na estrutura das edificações. Desta forma, há a necessidade de se dimensionar precisamente estas juntas, cuja função é absorver as variações do comprimento de placas produzidas pela dilatação térmica linear (&#946) de rochas graníticas e gnáissicas extraídas nos Estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso e Espírito Santo, usadas comercialmente na forma de placas para revestimento de edificações. Os coeficientes de dilatação térmica linear (&#946) foram determinados em dilatômetro de quartzo fundido e correlacionadas com o conteúdo em quartzo, granulação, porosidade aparente e estrutura das rochas estudadas. Conclui-se que, nas rochas gnáissicas, os valores de &#946 são muito maiores quando determinados paralelo à gnaissificação. Nas graníticas, o &#946 aumenta com o conteúdo em quartzo e diminui com os aumentos da porosidade aparente e do tamanho dos grãos minerais. / There is a great tendency of using larger plaques of rocks on the covering of the faces of buildings, separated by expansion joints of very small dimensions as possible, in order to provide agreeable architectural effects and at the same time to make difficult the infiltration in the building structure of deterioration agents. Therefore, there is a great need of dimensioning precisely these joints whose function is to absorb the plates length variation produced by thermal expansion. This research presents values of plates length variation produced by thermal expansion. This research presents values of thermal linear expansion coefficient (&#946) of granite and gneiss rocks extracted from São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Espírito Santo states, used commercially in plate shapes for covering of buildings. The thermal linear expansion coefficients (&#946) were determined by cast quartz dilatometer and correlated with the quartz content, granulation, apparent porosity, and the studied rock structures. It can be concluded that, in gneiss rocks, the &#946 values are much bigger when determined in parallel with the structure. On the granite rocks, the &#946 value increases with the quartz content and it decreases with the increases of apparent porosity and the size of mineral grains.

O beneficiamento de pedras preciosas representa um importante potencial empresarial e de negócios para o Brasil, em especial para regiões como a do Vale do Taquari, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, as empresas deste setor, em sua maioria pequenas, carecem de uma abordagem capaz de melhorar seus processos produtivos, diminuindo suas perdas. Este estudo buscou levantar dados do setor na região, diagnosticar questões relativas aos processos produtivos, em especial sobre perdas nos processos, e propor um modelo para análise dos processos e redução das perdas nestes. O modelo foi gerado considerando dados gerais e históricos do setor, as análises dos questionários aplicados e os mapeamentos realizados. Este modelo está dividido em duas etapas: a de análise e a do conjunto de ações para a redução das perdas. Assim, o modelo propõe uma série de técnicas e ferramentas, geralmente ligadas ao Sistema Toyota de Produção, as quais têm colaborado com diferentes setores. A implementação do modelo proposto deve possibilitar um aumento no potencial de desenvolvimento, tanto no setor de beneficiamento como em toda a cadeia produtiva das pedras preciosas. / The processing of precious stones represents an important potential business in Brazil, especially for regions such as the Taquari Valley, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. However, the companies in this sector, mostly small, lack an approach aimed at improving their production processes, reducing their losses. This study aimed at surveying data about the sector in that region, examining issues relating to production processes, in particular on losses in processes, as well as proposing a model for analysing these processes and reducing losses. The model was developed considering general and historical data in the precious stones sector, the analysis of the interviews and the mappings carried out. The model is divided into two steps: the first one is the analysis and the second one is the set of actions for reducing losses. Thus, the model proposes a series of techniques and tools, usually related to the Toyota Production System, which have cooperated with different sectors. The implementation of the proposed model shall enable an increase in the potential for development, both in the processing sector, as well as throughout the whole production chain of precious stones.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valerio Raymundo.pdf: 1542389 bytes, checksum: c0e24ddd3f992a7f99c48671a44e6eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-30 / The great volume of calcareous wastes generated by dimension stone industry and its composition, rich in important elements to promote plant growth, indicate possibilities of utilizing them as amendment of soil acidity. This study aimed to compare the capacity of neutralization of soil acidity and the use of two kinds of marble waste and a commercial limestone. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme, with four replications. An Oxisol mixed with four different doses of amendment (75, 100, 150, 300% and control), based on a standard recommendation. The experimental units consited of storage in polyethylene bags, and the soil moisture was elevated up to 70% of field capacity using distillated water. The pH, Ca, Mg, Al, H + Al, were analysed and SB, CTC, V were calculated. The wastes showed good potential to be used as amendment of soil acidity, since the initial reactivity was higher than the commercial limestone / Nos últimos anos; muitos pesquisadores têm dedicado atenção especial no que se refere ao uso de resíduos visando à minimização dos impactos ambientais e sua transformação em subprodutos de outros processos produtivos. O grande volume de resíduos calcários gerados pela indústria de rochas ornamentais e a adoção do processo de corte do mármore em tear diamantado em substituição ao processo tradicional com granalha de aço; trouxe a oportunidade de aproveitamento desses resíduos como corretivo de acidez de solo agrícola. Este estudo teve como objetivo a comparação; em relação à capacidade de neutralização da acidez do solo; entre o uso de um resíduo de mármore serrado em tear diamantado; outro serrado em tear convencional e um calcário comercial de uso comum. O experimento foi montado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado; em esquema fatorial; utilizando um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico e as três fontes de corretivos em quatro diferentes dosagens (75%; 100%; 150%; 300% e testemunha) de uma recomendação padrão de correção de solo; com quatro repetições. As unidades experimentais foram acondicionadas em sacos de polietileno; elevando a umidade do solo a 70% da capacidade de campo com água destilada. Foram analisados pH; P; K; Ca; Mg; Al; H; H+Al; Na e IsNa; e calculados SB; CTC; V e m. Os resíduos apresentam bom desempenho para utilização como corretivo de acidez no caso estudado; com uma reatividade inicial superior à do calcário comercial. O risco de contaminação pela aplicação de resíduos de mármore no solo foi analisado em termos dos elementos As; Cd; Pb; Cr total; Hg; Ni e Se e todos estão abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela U.S.EPA 40 CFR Part 503 (Environmental Protection Agency – U.S.)