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<p>The project has been done in cooperation with Schenker Åkeri AB in Sweden, Halmstad. The</p><p>project is based on an inspection made by Arbetsmiljöverket, where they found minor</p><p>shortcomings with distribution of goods for the employees. The project is an investigation of</p><p>the drivers’ working environment.</p><p>Schenker Logistics is one of the world's leading providers of integrated logistics services.</p><p>Schenker Åkeri AB is a subsidiary to Schenker Logistics and transports 2.4 million tons of</p><p>goods yearly.</p><p>The project started with a background study to evaluate drivers working environment. We</p><p>have studied goods receptions, the working environment, strain injury and injury mechanisms.</p><p>Methods used was observations, tests, questionnaire surveys and ergonomic and</p><p>biomechanical calculations.</p><p>One result of the study is a working model, which gives recommendations for the maximum</p><p>weight a driver should push and pull. A truck evaluation was done to exam the need for new</p><p>technical equipment. An ergonomic investigation was done to investigate the drivers’ working</p><p>tasks. A questionnaire was given to the drivers to evaluate their working environment and</p><p>tasks. The questionnaire involved questions about stress, handling of goods and technical</p><p>equipment.</p><p>Together with Schenker Åkeri AB in Halmstad, an action plan was made. This action plan</p><p>will be handed over to Arbetsmiljöverket by Schenker.</p>

The project has been done in cooperation with Schenker Åkeri AB in Sweden, Halmstad. The project is based on an inspection made by Arbetsmiljöverket, where they found minor shortcomings with distribution of goods for the employees. The project is an investigation of the drivers’ working environment. Schenker Logistics is one of the world's leading providers of integrated logistics services. Schenker Åkeri AB is a subsidiary to Schenker Logistics and transports 2.4 million tons of goods yearly. The project started with a background study to evaluate drivers working environment. We have studied goods receptions, the working environment, strain injury and injury mechanisms. Methods used was observations, tests, questionnaire surveys and ergonomic and biomechanical calculations. One result of the study is a working model, which gives recommendations for the maximum weight a driver should push and pull. A truck evaluation was done to exam the need for new technical equipment. An ergonomic investigation was done to investigate the drivers’ working tasks. A questionnaire was given to the drivers to evaluate their working environment and tasks. The questionnaire involved questions about stress, handling of goods and technical equipment. Together with Schenker Åkeri AB in Halmstad, an action plan was made. This action plan will be handed over to Arbetsmiljöverket by Schenker.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-12T17:14:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JESSICA FERREIRA DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 3580915 bytes, checksum: 875b1175aef9908cbe030d48f0048870 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T17:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JESSICA FERREIRA DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 3580915 bytes, checksum: 875b1175aef9908cbe030d48f0048870 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-28 / Capes / A lesão por esforço repetitivo (LER) configura uns dos maiores desafios enfrentados pela classe trabalhadora ao redor do mundo por causarem dor, dificuldade para realizar tarefas relacionadas ao trabalho, longos períodos de afastamento e invalidez da força de trabalho. As estruturas das extremidades superiores são particularmente vulneráveis a este tipo de lesão. Desse modo, o objetivo geral desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo térmico da região das mãos utilizando a técnica da termografia com vistas a auxiliar no diagnóstico da LER/DORT. A amostra foi composta por 21 voluntários, sendo 11 do gênero masculino e 10 do gênero feminino, acadêmicos da graduação e da pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Foi construída uma bancada de testes com o intuito de isolar a região de estudo e minimizar o efeito da temperatura ambiente refletida sobre o resultado dos termogramas. Os voluntários foram previamente orientados sobre os procedimentos a serem seguidos do dia do teste. No momento do teste, os voluntários foram instruídos a retirar qualquer adorno na região de estudo, não friccionar e/ou encostar as mãos umas nas outras ou em qualquer superfície e permanecerem por um tempo determinado por protocolo em repouso na posição sentada em uma sala com ambiente controlado. Foram coletadas imagens térmicas da vista anterior e posterior das mãos. As imagens foram analisadas qualitativa e quantitativamente. A análise quantitativa mostrou um estado marcante de equilíbrio térmico para as regiões de interesse contralaterais. O membro dominante possuiu maior temperatura média em relação ao seu correspondente lateral. O gênero não foi um fator determinante para avaliação dos padrões térmicos das mãos. Conclui-se que a medição da temperatura superficial da pele da região das mãos utilizando a técnica da termografia mostrou-se viável e reprodutível, recomendando-se a criação de tabelas de referência específicas para estabelecer as condições normais para cada segmento corporal. / The repetitive strain injury (RSI) is one of the greatest challenges faced by the working class around the world because it causes pain, difficulty in carrying out work-related tasks, long periods of absence and disability of the workforce. The structures of the upper extremities are particularly vulnerable to this type of injury. Thus, the general objective of this work was to perform a thermal study of the hands using thermography to assist in the RSI’s diagnosis. The sample consisted of 21 volunteers, 11 male and 10 female, undergraduate and graduate students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. A test bench was built in order to isolate the region of study and minimize the effect of the ambient radiation on the result of the thermograms. The volunteers were previously advised on the procedures to be followed on the day of the test. At the time of the test, volunteers were instructed to remove any adornment in the study region, not rub or touch their hands on each other or on any surface, and remain in a sitting position for a time set by protocol at rest in a room with controlled environment. Thermal images were collected from the anterior and posterior views of the hands. The images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analysis showed a marked state of thermal equilibrium for the contralateral regions of interest. The dominant limb had a higher average temperature than its corresponding side. The gender was not a determining factor for evaluation of the thermal patterns of the hands. It is concluded that the measurement of the skin surface temperature of the hands using the thermography technique was feasible and reproducible, and it is recommended to create specific reference tables to establish the normal conditions for each body segment.

Este trabalho teve por principal objetivo o desenvolvimento e implantação de melhorias de um processo industrial para fabricação de preservativos, utilizando automação industrial por meio da metodologia Seis Sigma. A motivação foi o crescente número de funcionários afastados ou readaptados devido a Lesão por Esforço Repetitivo (LER), pois além dos danos pessoais permanentes, existem ainda os gastos com substituição de trabalhadores, treinamentos, horas extras, recuperação de empregados e salários pagos a trabalhadores afastados. A metodologia foi aplicada a duas partes do processo: no teste elétrico dos preservativos para verificação de existência de não conformidades no produto, e, no processo manual de desenrolamento, para quando um determinado lote não aprovado em testes de laboratório é rejeitado e submetido novamente ao teste elétrico. Por meio da ferramenta DMAIC, reconhecida em todo o mundo como o meio de se estruturar os projetos de melhoria na busca do padrão Seis Sigma, são definidos objetivos de melhoria, medição do sistema existente, análise do sistema medido, melhoria do sistema e controle do novo sistema. A solução emprega automação com apoio de dispositivos eletropneumáticos que se mostram eficientes do ponto de vista operacional, de custo e energético. A automatização do processo eliminou por completo o surgimento de novos casos de Lesão por Esforço Repetitivo e, ainda, proporcionou aumento de produtividade, diminuiu a área de estocagem e reduziu a quantidade de horas extras. / The main objective of this work was the development and implantation of improvements in industrial process to manufacture preservatives using the Six-Sigma methodology. The motivation was the increasing number of employees that were withdrawn and reallocated due to Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), because, further permanent damages caused to the employees, there are existing costs associated with the substitution of workers, training, overtime, employee recovery, and salaries paid to withdrawn workers. The methodology was applied to two parts of the process: the electric test of the preservatives for verification of non-compliances in the product, and, in the manual unbind process, when a certain package unapproved in lab tests, is rejected and required to have another electrical test. Using the DMAIC methodology, recognized in the whole world as the way of structure the projects of improvement according to Six-Sigma, are defined the improvements objectives, measuring of the existing system, analysis of the measured system, improvement of the system and control of the new system. The solution uses automation with support of electro pneumatics devices that are operational, cost and energetic efficiency. The automation of this process completely eliminated the appearance of new Repetitive Strain Injury cases, and, still provided increased productivity, reduced storage area and reduced overtime.

We examined the relationship between grip strength declines and muscle-tendon responses induced by long-term performance of a high-repetition, low-force (HRLF) reaching task in rats. We hypothesized that grip strength declines would correlate with inflammation, fibrosis and degradation in flexor digitorum muscles and tendons. Grip strength declined after training, and further in weeks 18 and 24, in reach limbs of HRLF rats. Flexor digitorum tissues of reach limbs showed low-grade increases in inflammatory cytokines: IL-1beta after training and in week 18, IL-1alpha in week 18, TNF-alpha and IL-6 after training and in week 24, and IL-10 in week 24, with greater increases in tendons than muscles. Similar cytokine increases were detected in serum with HRLF: IL-1alpha and IL-10 in week 18, and TNF-alpha and IL-6 in week 24. Grip strength correlated inversely with IL-6 in muscles, tendons and serum, and TNF-alpha in muscles and serum. Four fibrogenic proteins, TGFB1, CTGF, PDGFab and PDGFbb, and hydroxyproline, a marker of collagen synthesis, increased in serum in HRLF weeks 18 or 24, concomitant with epitendon thickening, increased muscle and tendon TGFB1 and CTGF. A collagenolytic gelatinase, MMP2, increased by week 18 in serum, tendons and muscles of HRLF rats. Grip strength correlated inversely with TGFB1 in muscles, tendons and serum; with CTGF-immunoreactive fibroblasts in tendons; and with MMP2 in tendons and serum. Thus, motor declines correlated with low-grade systemic and musculotendinous inflammation throughout task performance, and increased fibrogenic and degradative proteins with prolonged task performance. Serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, TGFB1, CTGF and MMP2 may serve as serum biomarkers of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, although further studies in humans are needed. / Biomedical Sciences

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Skeletal muscle injuries are among the most frequent causes of functional impairment in muscle tissue, affecting the life quality and are primarily responsible for the loss of rhythm in the case of training athletes. The skeletal muscle lesion most frequent are contusion and strain injury. Thus, developing therapies that mitigate and might accelerate the rehabilitation process of injured tissue are of great importance. For this reason, therapeutic applications of physical agents are gaining prominence, especially in sports medicine for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury, but do not have the mechanism of action fully understood. This study was performed in order to examine whether the modulation of oxidative stress could be an important factor involved in the beneficial effect of cryo and thermoterapy on strain gastrocnemius muscle injury. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to a strain injury and treated with the therapeutic agents in an isolated or combined form. Strain damages caused an increase in muscle and blood oxidative damage. We suggest that this oxidative damage is possible related to the impairment of the muscle cells structure since that we observed a significant positive correlation among the increase in plasma Creatine Kinase levels and in muscle and blood Dichlorofluorescein oxidized and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels. The inflammatory response intensity seems to be also an important factor involved in the genesis of the oxidative damage in the initial moments that follows the muscle strain injury. The therapeutic cold seems to be more effective to prevent the damage induced by the strain injury possible due to its capacity to control the muscle cells structure impairment and also to modulate the inflammatory response intensity that follows a muscle strain injury. / Lesões musculares esqueléticas estão entre as causas mais frequentes de comprometimento funcional do tecido muscular, acometendo a qualidade de vida e são as principais responsáveis pela perda do ritmo de treinamento no caso de atletas. As lesões mais frequentes são as contusões e distensões musculares. Assim, o desenvolvimento de terapias que amenizem e possam acelerar o processo de reparo celular e reabilitação tecidual são de grande importância. Desta forma, aplicações terapêuticas de agentes físicos estão ganhando destaque, principalmente na medicina desportiva, no tratamento de lesões musculares esquelética, porém, não apresentam o mecanismo de ação totalmente esclarecido. Este estudo foi realizado para examinar se a modulação do estresse oxidativo poderia ser um importante fator envolvido nos efeitos benéficos da crio e da termoterapia na injuria por distensão no músculo gastrocnemius. Ratos machos Wistar adultos foram submetidos à distensão muscular e tratados com agentes terapêuticos físicos, frio e calor, de forma isolada ou combinada. A lesão por distensão causou um aumento nos marcadores de dano oxidativo, tais como a formação de espécies reativas e peroxidação lipídica no músculo e no sangue. Nós sugerimos que este dano oxidativo é possivelmente relacionado a um prejuízo da estrutura da célula muscular, assim, observamos uma significante correlação positiva entre o aumento nos níveis plasmáticos de Creatina Quinase e no músculo e sangue níveis de Diclorofluoresceina oxidada e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico. A intensidade da resposta inflamatória parece ser também um importante fator envolvido na gênese do dano oxidativo nos momentos iniciais a lesão. O frio terapêutico parece ser o mais efetivo em prevenir o dano induzido pela distensão muscular possivelmente devido a sua capacidade em modular os danos à estrutura da célula muscular e também a intensidade da resposta inflamatória que segue a injuria músculo esquelética.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianoColman.pdf: 1680235 bytes, checksum: d15b9619fed5b29eb3330f0815273593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / This work broaches the question of the accident of working, specific the repetitive strain injury (RSI), your social implicate and the difficult of proof as much as extension and characterize of lesion by expert. In the RSI is difficulty detachment to confirm your existence.Appraise the spent that Social Foresight suffer of accident of working. So, we notice the accident protection in the law n.° 8.213/91 and the assured protection in the Republic Constitution. It is observed the Law beginnings, especially of dignity human person. It is specification the RSI, about concept, diagnostic and objective characterize conjoint with the social repercussion in the protection perspective of legislation. Also, question of the responsibility of employer result of the accident of working. How objective search present the responsibility of employer; work legislation about of the accident of working; and the safety law of working; the effects about accident in the working contract; medical concept about RSI; and the high resolution infrared imaging how form objective to demonstrate RSI. How principal results: that the responsibility of employer result of the accident of working produce of manifestation of RSI constitute in the objective responsibility and that the high resolution infrared imaging is an objective form of demonstrate the RSI. / O presente trabalho aborda questões sobre acidentes de trabalho, especificamente as Lesões por Esforço Repetitivo (LER), suas implicações sociais e a dificuldade da prova quanto à extensão e caracterização de tais lesões pelo perito. Destaca-se o ônus que a Previdência Social sofre em virtude dos acidentes de trabalho. Desta forma, extrai-se a proteção acidentaria da Lei n.° 8.213/91 e a proteção assegurada pela Constituição da República. São observados os princípios de direito, especialmente o da dignidade da pessoa humana. Especificamente abordam-se as LER, relativamente ao conceito, diagnósticos e caracterização objetiva conjuntamente com suas repercussões sociais na perspectiva protecionista da legislação. Também, questões relacionadas às responsabilidades do empregador decorrentes dos acidentes de trabalho. Como objetivos busca apresentar as responsabilidades inerentes ao empregador; a legislação trabalhista relativa aos acidentes de trabalho e as normas de segurança do trabalho; os efeitos que o acidente produz no contrato de trabalho; conceitos médicos pertinentes as LER; e a imagem infravermelha de alta resolução como um meio de demonstrar objetivamente as LER. Como resultados principais apresenta: que a responsabilidade decorrente dos acidentes de trabalho produzida pela manifestação das LER constitui-se em responsabilidade objetiva e que a imagem infravermelha de alta resolução é um meio de demonstrar objetivamente as LER. Conseqüentemente conclui-se que o conceito dor de maneira genérica pode ser demonstrado objetivamente e que a imagem infravermelha de alta resolução poderá ser utilizada como um meio de convencimento do juízo através da manifestação do perito ou assistente técnico.

Musicians are a high-risk occupational group for musculoskeletal disorders. Often manifesting in muscle tension, pain and paresthesia, musculoskeletal disorders can drastically affect comfort, mentality and endurance while performing. This study sought to examine the effects of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training in reducing musculoskeletal symptoms in music performance. The subjects were university-level violinists and cellists. Over a period of 2-4 weeks, all participants underwent EMG biofeedback training while performing their instrument using audio feedback. No significant results were found, but patterns of decreased muscle tension and increased performance comfort and endurance were observed.