Bibliographical record: KUDLÁČEK, Jiří. EMG study: Nordic hamstring exercises vs. isometric training. Prague: Charles Univerzity, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020, 79p. Supervisor MUDr. Kryštof Slabý. Abstract This thesis is an EMG study, which examines an electric activity of knee flexors and m. quadriceps femoris during 3 types of exercises: Nordic hamstring exercise, single leg sliding leg curl, and isometric contraction. The theoretical part summarizes anatomy, physiology, and kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the principle of surface EMG. In the experimental part, the EMG study was conducted on 20 healthy individuals aged 20 to 30 years-old. Each patient underwent an applied kinesiology procedure and subsequently went through an 16 channel surface EMG technique. The aim of this work is to compare the maximal and average value of the EMG amplitude of particular muscles during each exercise. While providing Nordic hamstring exercise and single leg slide, the light was shed on a question of whether there is a statistically significant difference between activation of m. biceps femoris and m. semitendinosus in terms of EMG values. The following phase of the thesis scrutinized the timing of hamstring muscles during Nordic hamstring...

O presente estudo nasce da necessidade de melhorar a integralidade da atenÃÃo à saÃde dos trabalhadores, destacando o trabalhador com lesÃes por esforÃos repetitivos e distÃrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho - LER/DORT. Assim tivemos como objetivo construir participativamente uma linha de cuidado integral para o trabalhador com LER/DORT no Ãmbito do SUS a partir da experiÃncia dos profissionais, gestores e usuÃrios que compÃem as redes de atenÃÃo à saÃde. Desenvolvida no municÃpio de Sobral- CearÃ, esta pesquisa à de natureza qualitativa do tipo exploratÃria. A pesquisa aÃÃo foi a metodologia de escolha por constitui-se como uma metodologia que visa à aÃÃo e promove a capacidade de transformaÃÃo da realidade pelos sujeitos da pesquisa. Para tal, utilizamos a pesquisa em grupo, onde os participantes, profissionais das redes de atenÃÃo à saÃde de Sobral, foram os responsÃveis pela construÃÃo da linha de cuidado em um processo que levou à formulaÃÃo, dos fluxos e atribuiÃÃes que os prÃprios participantes da pesquisa e seus pares deverÃo desenvolver nos serviÃos em que trabalham com o objetivo de promover a integralidade da atenÃÃo à saÃde do trabalhador. Ressaltamos que estas aÃÃes da linha de cuidado foram construÃdas no ano de 2012 coletivamente, apÃs quatro encontros do grupo. O primeiro encontro foi para debater sobre integralidade e definir as aÃÃes prioritÃrias apontadas pelo grupo, o segundo encontro foi uma oficina que teve como objetivo construir o fluxo da linha de cuidado, o terceiro encontro a segunda oficina que teve como objetivo definir as atribuiÃÃes dos profissionais dos serviÃos que atendem o trabalhador, e o quarto encontro, e Ãltima oficina, tiveram como objetivos apresentar o fluxo construÃdo pelo grupo e validar as atribuiÃÃes da rede de serviÃos que atende o trabalhador com LER/DORT. Como mÃtodo de tratamento dos dados obtidos utilizamos a anÃlise do discurso. Os resultados apontam que trabalhadores com a doenÃa podem buscar diversos pontos da rede de atenÃÃo, dentre eles serviÃos da AtenÃÃo Primaria a SaÃde, da AtenÃÃo Ambulatorial Especializada, da AtenÃÃo Hospitalar e da UrgÃncia e EmergÃncia. Surgiram apÃs a validaÃÃo 36 atribuiÃÃes para os profissionais. As atribuiÃÃes identificadas incluÃram aÃÃes promocionais, preventivas, curativas e de reabilitaÃÃo. Ressaltamos que para construir a linha de cuidado pensamos na necessidade do trabalhador como o aspecto central para seu fluxo de atendimento e assistÃncia. Dessa forma, a linha de cuidado proposta demonstra uma possibilidade da garantia da integralidade relacionada à organizaÃÃo dos serviÃos de saÃde, mostrando o caminho a ser percorrido por um usuÃrio, desde a APS e passando por diferentes serviÃos na busca de um leque de cuidados necessÃrios para resolver seu problema de saÃde. Para o funcionamento da linha de cuidado proposta à necessÃrio à existÃncia de um trabalho compartilhado entre os profissionais da APS e os demais serviÃos de saÃde. Nesse processo, alÃm da construÃÃo e pactuaÃÃo do fluxo da atenÃÃo, à necessÃrio a elaboraÃÃo de estratÃgias para efetivar esse caminho a ser percorrido pelo trabalhador na rede de atenÃÃo, estabelecer e negociar responsabilidades para garantir a qualidade e continuidade do cuidado.

The work environment of today is synonymous with stress, fatigue and exhaustion. As a result, the incidence of workplace injury and disease is increasingly commonplace. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is the most common form of work–related ill–health. If the symptoms are not recognised and addressed early, serious and more chronic manifestations of the symptoms can emerge, subsequently affecting the quality and duration of a persons' working life. RSI also has significant implications for organisations in terms of lost productivity, drops in work quality and costly compensation claims. Although there is ongoing international research available concerning workplace injury and disease to inform business and the employee, there is less comprehensive and regularly updated research within the South African context. Considering employers can be held accountable for diseases that have arisen out of and in the course of an individual's employment, this research adds value in ascertaining the magnitude of RSI in South Africa. Bearing in mind international research has expanded its focus to include the potential influence of ergonomic and psychosocial factors in the development of RSI, it has become necessary to consider additional factors that may play a role in the development and maintenance of RSI. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the frequency of RSI experienced amongst South African employees; 2) examine the frequency of RSI across three well–being groups; and 3) identify whether there are significant differences across the three well–being groups. An availability sample (N = 15 664) was utilised to determine the frequency of experience of RSI in a sample of South African employees. Frequencies were used to determine the incidence of RSI symptoms for the total sample. Participants were then selected into groups based on their experience of vitality, work devotion and exhaustion (n = 4 411) in order to determine the frequency of RSI experienced for three well–being groups. ANOVA was used to determine if there were significant RSI differences between these three well–being groups. The results of this study highlight that RSI is prevalent amongst the South African population. Of those participants who responded 'sometimes' and 'frequently' (experiencing RSI), 47% indicated experiencing neck, shoulder and back discomfort, followed by 42% reporting eyestrain, and 24% muscle stiffness. These results are comparable with international statistics, indicating that a relatively large percentage of South African employees experience RSI. The results further showed that the frequency of experience of RSI symptoms does differ across the three well–being groups. It is evident that RSI is more prevalent in the well–being group that demonstrates vital exhaustion when compared to those who are work engaged yet exhausted, and those who are truly work engaged. Secondly, the results clearly revealed statistically significant differences between all of these groups. Thus, those individuals who are vitally exhausted experience significantly greater RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged or engaged with exhaustion. In addition, those individuals who are work engaged with exhaustion demonstrate significantly more RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged. Thus, this study suggests the potential role of exhaustion in the development of RSI. Recommendations were made for the organisation and for future research. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The work environment of today is synonymous with stress, fatigue and exhaustion. As a result, the incidence of workplace injury and disease is increasingly commonplace. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is the most common form of work–related ill–health. If the symptoms are not recognised and addressed early, serious and more chronic manifestations of the symptoms can emerge, subsequently affecting the quality and duration of a persons' working life. RSI also has significant implications for organisations in terms of lost productivity, drops in work quality and costly compensation claims. Although there is ongoing international research available concerning workplace injury and disease to inform business and the employee, there is less comprehensive and regularly updated research within the South African context. Considering employers can be held accountable for diseases that have arisen out of and in the course of an individual's employment, this research adds value in ascertaining the magnitude of RSI in South Africa. Bearing in mind international research has expanded its focus to include the potential influence of ergonomic and psychosocial factors in the development of RSI, it has become necessary to consider additional factors that may play a role in the development and maintenance of RSI. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the frequency of RSI experienced amongst South African employees; 2) examine the frequency of RSI across three well–being groups; and 3) identify whether there are significant differences across the three well–being groups. An availability sample (N = 15 664) was utilised to determine the frequency of experience of RSI in a sample of South African employees. Frequencies were used to determine the incidence of RSI symptoms for the total sample. Participants were then selected into groups based on their experience of vitality, work devotion and exhaustion (n = 4 411) in order to determine the frequency of RSI experienced for three well–being groups. ANOVA was used to determine if there were significant RSI differences between these three well–being groups. The results of this study highlight that RSI is prevalent amongst the South African population. Of those participants who responded 'sometimes' and 'frequently' (experiencing RSI), 47% indicated experiencing neck, shoulder and back discomfort, followed by 42% reporting eyestrain, and 24% muscle stiffness. These results are comparable with international statistics, indicating that a relatively large percentage of South African employees experience RSI. The results further showed that the frequency of experience of RSI symptoms does differ across the three well–being groups. It is evident that RSI is more prevalent in the well–being group that demonstrates vital exhaustion when compared to those who are work engaged yet exhausted, and those who are truly work engaged. Secondly, the results clearly revealed statistically significant differences between all of these groups. Thus, those individuals who are vitally exhausted experience significantly greater RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged or engaged with exhaustion. In addition, those individuals who are work engaged with exhaustion demonstrate significantly more RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged. Thus, this study suggests the potential role of exhaustion in the development of RSI. Recommendations were made for the organisation and for future research. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLFM.pdf: 513655 bytes, checksum: 950c918317e43b508645211bba44287b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 / Ergonomics changes in the work place interfere in the relation between over operators work and health. This case study had as its objective to analyze the repercussions of a process of changes technical and organizational due to ergonomic projects in a school material plant. Two company sectors were selected which are responsible for the main product external completion. One of the sectors received the full ergonomic intervention and the other had only little adjustments. In order to develop this study, the following procedures were executed: questionnaire applications, observations in order to understand the work activity in both sectors and interviews with the objective of comprehending different actors perception of changes in the in the company. The results indicated that, after the ergonomic intervention, there was a reduction in absenteeism due to RSI/WRMD, changes in physical and cognitive task requests, a differentiated interpretation of results for each social group in the company and na appropriation, by the company, of the results and transformation process started by the ergonomic project for other purposes. This case study revealed the importance of the evaluation process of an ergonomic intervention, because it confirms that a positive result in relation to the demand that originated the intervention, will not always grant future improvements. The analyzed situation points to new problems, whose repercussions are not yet known, but need to be discussed. / As modificações ergonômicas no ambiente de trabalho interferem na relação entre saúde e trabalho. Este estudo de caso teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões do processo de mudanças técnicas e organizacionais decorrentes dos projetos de ergonomia de uma empresa do setor de material escolar sobre o trabalho e a saúde dos operadores. Foram selecionados dois setores responsáveis pela etapa de acabamento externo do principal produto da empresa. Um setor recebeu a intervenção ergonômica e o outro sofreu pequenas modificações. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: aplicação de questionários, observações para compreender a atividade de trabalho nos dois setores e entrevistas para percepção das mudanças nos diferentes atores da empresa. Os resultados apontaram que após a intervenção ergonômica houve diminuição dos afastamentos por LER/DORT, modificações nas exigências físicas e cognitivas das tarefas, uma interpretação dos resultados da intervenção diferenciada para cada grupo social da empresa e apropriação pela empresa dos resultados e do processo de transformação do projeto de ergonomia para outros fins. O estudo deste caso revelou a importância do processo de avaliação de uma intervenção ergonômica, porque confirma que um resultado positivo em relação à demanda da intervenção nem sempre irá garantir condições de trabalho satisfatórias. A situação estudada aponta novos problemas cujas repercussões ainda são desconhecidas, mas que necessitam ser discutidas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMM.pdf: 365349 bytes, checksum: 6db2de6474eb0afd89efc7fae852d16d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-06 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / THE QUALIFICATION CONSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY IN THE INDUSTRY OF WHITE GOODS seeks to evaluate how the productive restructuring alters the worker's profile in the white goods industry and the perception workers have about it. The restructuring process for which the white goods industry is passing in the last twenty years makes it an object of interest for investigation. With the crisis of theirs original markets, great companies of foreign capital felt the need to reach new markets, mainly in the emerging countries as Latin America, the European East and the Asian Southeast. In Brazil, objective of the expansion of the multinationals, the process of patrimonial rearrange it was characterized by the incorporation of national companies by great foreign groups. The entrance of those multinationals in the Brazilian market intensified the process of productive restructuring refering to production organization, work organizations, changes in job conditions and in qualification demands. Managers and workers of a factory producing cookers were interviewed with the objective of apprehending theirs perception about the changes that took place after a multinational acquired the company. It is analyzed its restructuring process and its main implications for the worker's profile, emphasizing the role of RSI (repetitive strain injury). / A CONSTRUÇÃO DA QUALIFICAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA INDÚSTRIA DE LINHA BRANCA é um trabalho que visa avaliar como a reestruturação produtiva altera o perfil do trabalhador na indústria de linha branca e a percepção deste sobre tais mudanças. O processo de reestruturação pelo qual a indústria de linha branca vem passando nos últimos vinte anos faz dela um objeto de interesse para investigação. Grandes empresas de capital estrangeiro sentiram, com a crise do seu mercado de origem, a necessidade de conquistarem novos mercados, principalmente nos países emergentes da América Latina, Leste Europeu e Sudeste Asiático. No Brasil, alvo da expansão das multinacionais, o processo de rearranjo patrimonial se caracterizou pela incorporação das empresas de capital nacional por grandes grupos estrangeiros. A entrada dessas multinacionais no mercado brasileiro intensificou o processo de reestruturação produtiva no que se refere à organização da produção, do trabalho, das condições de emprego e das exigências de qualificação. Foram entrevistados gerentes e trabalhadores de uma fábrica produtora de fogões com o objetivo de apreender a sua percepção sobre as mudanças ocorridas após a aquisição da empresa por uma multinacional. Analisam-se o seu processo de reestruturação e as principais implicações para o perfil do trabalhador, destacando-se o papel que a incidência da LER/DORT (lesão por esforço repetitivo ou doença osteomuscular relacionada ao trabalho) têm sobre essa questão.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic and Somatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa. 2017. / Background The growing popularity and competitive nature of the beauty industry has resulted in beauty therapists performing an extensive range of treatments to meet the demand, often at the jeopardy of their own well-being. Treatments include massage, waxing, pedicures and facials. These techniques involve vigorous and repetitive movements that may lead to overuse and strain on the musculoskeletal system, resulting in injury. Work-related activities together with factors such as socio-demographic, psychosocial, environmental and anthropometric can influence the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). There has been little investigation into the WRMDs of beauty therapists both locally and internationally. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, selected risk factors and impact of self-reported work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in beauty therapists working within the hotel spa industry in the eThekwini municipality. Method A cross sectional epidemiological design was used to survey 254 beauty therapists working in the hotel spa industry in the eThekwini municipality of Durban. A pre-validated questionnaire was hand delivered to beauty therapists working at all hotel spas that agreed to participate. Informed consent was obtained. The survey contained questions related to musculoskeletal pain, socio-demographic, psycho-social, lifestyle and occupational factors. Results A response rate of 70% was obtained (n=178). The majority of the respondents were female (94.3%; n=165), the mean age of the respondents was 27.74 (SD±4.83) years. The respondents had been working as beauty therapists for an average of 5.91 (SD±4.19; n=176) years and performed on average 27.89 (SD±13.33; n=170) treatments per week, working 47.38 (SD±13.36; n=175) hours per week. Those working overtime worked on average 5.43 (SD±2.94; n=59) hours of overtime per week. There was a high rate of reported WRMDs with the lifetime, current and 12 month period prevalence being 86% (n=153), 85% (n=151) and 83% (n=148), respectively. The area most affected were the low back followed by the neck, the hand and wrist. Ninety percent of the respondents indicated that their pain was mild to moderate in nature, with half expressing an inability to cope with the pain, and 78% reporting that it interfered with their ability to work. Mental exhaustion (p=0.032), suffering from a concomitant co-morbidity (p=0.031), years worked as a beauty therapist (p˂0.001) and treating clients after hours (p=0.007) were significantly associated with the presence of musculoskeletal pain. Performing manual massage (p=0.043) and reporting feelings of exhaustion whilst performing specialised massage techniques (p=0.014) and applying makeup/eyelashes (p=0.022) were associated with the presence of WRMDs. Those who reported having co-worker (p=0.006) and managerial support (p˂0.001) were less likely to experience musculoskeletal pain. In contrast, feeling frustrated by work (p=0.007), being under pressure (p=0.005) and over worked (p=0.009) increased the chances of experiencing WRMDs. Working with the back in an awkward position (p˂0.001), standing for prolonged periods (p˂0.001), lifting heavy loads (p=0.019) and working in a hot and humid environment (p<0.001) increased the risk of WRMDs. Conclusion WRMDs have a significant impact on beauty therapists’ ability to work. Effective strategies to prevent and manage WRMDs in hotel spa beauty therapists is required, along with governmental regulation. / M

Detta examensarbete är en del av utbildningen Högskoleingenjör inom Maskinteknik, Industriell Ekonomi &amp; Produktion i Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Målet och syftet med detta examensarbete är förbättra ergonomi och arbetssätt i Verkstaden X genom framställning av två nya verkstadslayouter. Detta ska lösa deras problem gällande flaskhalsar och belastningsskador vilket ger upphov till långa leveranstider och arbetsskador. För att framställa förbättringsförslag på deras nuvarande problem kommer en implementering av LEAN- filosofin samt ergonomiläran att utföras i den nya verkstadslayouten. För att lyckas med detta studerades flera tidigare forskningsartiklar, iakttagelser, intervjuer samt litteraturstudier. De som intervjuades var anställda och arbetsledare i Verkstaden X där de bidrog med att identifiera och analysera deras nuvarande problem hos den studerande avdelningen samt vad som gav upphov till flaskhalsar och belastningsskador. Genom datainsamling framställdes två nya verkstadslayouter som främjar LEAN- filosofier och ergonomi i verkstadens arbetsflöde och arbetssätt. Verkstadslayouter utformades som 2D ritning där arbetsflödet och anställdas arbetsuppgifter beskrivs, samt kartläggning av arbetsstationer och förflyttningen av varor samt order. Verkstaden X har flera slöserier vilket leder till att de besitter en kapacitet som inte kan förhålla sig till den efterfrågan som finns, som är dötider mellan och i arbetsstationer, ineffektiva arbetssätt och brist på instruktioner. Skribenterna i denna rapport konstaterar att Verkstaden X arbetsflöde kan förhålla sig till den efterfrågan som finns genom de förbättringsförslag som framhävts i detta examensarbete. De förbättringsförslag är nya arbetsrutiner, vilket innebär att sorteraren ska använda handdatorer och att paketerare ska använda sig av nya arbetsbänkar som ger mått på vilka kartongen som ska användas, dessa nya utrustningar förändrar arbetsrutiner. Även bättre kommunikation mellan arbetsledare och anställd var ett av lösningsförslagen, där arbetsledaren kontor flyttas in i avdelningen för att arbetsledaren ska kunna ha större närvaro. / This thesis project is part of a bachelor’s program in Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Economics &amp; Production at the Royal Institute of Technology. The goal and purpose of this thesis is to improve ergonomics and working methods in Verkstaden X by producing two new workshop layouts. This is meant to solve their problems regarding bottlenecks and repetitive strain damage, which gives rise to long delivery times and work injuries. In order to make suggestions for improvement on their current problems, an implementation of the LEAN philosophy and the ergonomics theory will be carried out in the new workshop layout. To succeed in this, several previous research articles, observations, interviews, and literature studies were studied. The interviewees were employees and supervisors in Verkstaden X where they helped to identify and analyze their current problems in the student department and what gave rise to bottlenecks and strain injuries. Through data collection, two new workshop layouts were produced that promote LEAN philosophies and ergonomics in the workshop's workflow and working methods. Workshop layouts were designed as a 2D drawing where the workflow and employees' tasks are described, as well as mapping of workstations and the movement of goods and orders. Verkstaden X has several wastes, which means that they have a capacity that cannot relate to the demand that exists, which is downtime between and in workstations, inefficient working methods, and lack of instructions. Then the two layout proposals were compared with each other with Pugh matrix, where Layoutsförlag 2 was considered the best layout proposal, and which was recommended to Verkstaden X. The authors of this report state that Verkstaden X workflow can relate to the demand that exists through the improvement proposals highlighted in this thesis. The suggestions for improvement are new work routines, which means that the sorter must use PDAs and that the packer must use new workbenches that provide measurements of which packages to use, this means that the new equipments change the work routines. Better communication between supervisor and employee was also one of the solution proposals, where the supervisors office is moved into the department to ensure more presence.