Com o significativo crescimento da Educação a Distância (EaD), surge a preocupação e a necessidade de um olhar qualitativo diferenciado para todas as atividades que estão, direta ou indiretamente, relacionadas à área. Esse olhar qualitativo deve ser embasado em pressupostos científicos e não em empirismo, como se vê no encaminhamento dado por diversas instituições. Considerando que a qualidade do todo é conseguida pela qualidade das partes que o compõem, a da educação a distância é conseguida por meio da somatória da qualidade da execução de diversas atividades - como tutoria, gestão e coordenação de processo, dentre outras - e dos instrumentos utilizados - como material instrucional (MI) e sistemas gestores de aprendizagem -, que devem estar integrados não apenas ao contexto educacional ao qual pertencem, mas também a uma realidade flexível e dinâmica, imposta pela própria modalidade. O foco desse trabalho está na qualidade do processo de planejamento de um MI, considerado como o instrumento que integra agentes, atividades, tecnologias e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem. A partir de uma profunda atividade de pesquisa bibliográfica relacionada à EaD, aos estilos de ensino e aprendizagem, à taxonomia de objetivos cognitivos e às mídias, de caráter exploratório e prático, propõe-se a utilização de uma diretriz para planejar materiais instrucionais, tendo como objetivo o efetivo desenvolvimento cognitivo, realizado por meio da estimulação e motivação para aquisição de novos conhecimentos, de competências, de habilidades, e direcionando para uma mudança de atitude em relação ao saber adquirido. / With the significant increase in Distance Education (DE) there is a significant and different concern about the quality related to all activities that are directly or indirectly related to it. Whereas the quality of the whole is achieved by the quality of its parts; at distance education this is achieved through the summation of the quality of different activities such as mentoring, tutoring, educational management, among others, as well as the instruments used as instructional subject matter (ISM), learning manager systems (LMS), which should be integrated not only to the educational context to which they belong, but also to a flexible and dynamic reality imposed by the modality. The focus of this work is at the quality of the process of planning ISM as it has been considered the instrument that integrates staffs, technology and learning/teaching strategies. Based on the bibliographical revision about distance education, learning and teaching styles, medias and taxonomy of educational objectives a framework for planning ISB was designed and it was submitted to specialists\' critiques, suggestions and considerations to verify its consistency and applicability toward the effectiveness cognitive development achieved by means of stimulation and motivation for new knowledge, skills, ability the acquisition and consequently to a change of attitude towards the of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned.

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The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service mathematics teachers&amp / #8217 / subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and the relationships between the two on multiplication and division of fractions. For this purpose, pre-service teachers&amp / #8217 / understanding of key facts, concepts, principles, and proofs, their knowledge on common (mis)conceptions and difficulties held by the elementary students, their strategies of teaching these concepts, and representations they use to reason their understanding on multiplication and division of fractions were examined. Qualitative case study was performed where / data was collected from the pre-service teachers at the end of the spring semester of 2004-2005. Pre-service teachers were senior students enrolled in a teacher education program at a public university. Results revealed that pre-service teachers could easily symbolize and solve the basic questions on multiplication and division of fractions. However, in terms of pre-service teachers&amp / #8217 / interpretation and reasoning of key facts and principles on multiplication and division of fractions, their subject matter knowledge could not be regarded as conceptually deep. Furthermore, although pre-service teachers have strong belief that they should teach multiplication and division of fractions conceptually, where the logical background of the operations is explained, they do not have sufficient knowledge to represent and explain these topics and relationships conceptually.

The present study aimed to investigate the self-efficacy levels of prospective teachers and to examine whether attitude towards teaching, competency in subject matter, mentor teacher - student teacher relationship and being a graduate of Anatolian Teacher High School (ATHS) predicted prospective teachers&rsquo / self-efficacy for teaching regarding classroom management, student engagement and instructional strategies. Participants of the study were 179 fourth year prospective teachers of English studying at the Foreign Language Education Departments of Gazi University, Middle East Technical University and Hacettepe University. Data was collected through (1) Teachers&rsquo / Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran &amp / Hoy, 2001), (2) Relationship with Your Mentor Scale (Capa &amp / Loadman, 2004), (3) Scale for Students&rsquo / Attitudes Towards the Teaching Profession (Semerci, 1999). Data analysis was conducted using the statistical software SPSS 15.0. Results of the study revealed that the prospective teachers of English feel quite positive about teaching when their self-efficacy composite scores were considered. In relation to the self efficacy levels of prospective teachers regarding classroom management, student engagement and instructional strategies, the results of this study showed that pre-service teachers of English believe that they are more efficacious in applying instructional strategies than they are in engaging students and they are found to be the least efficacious in managing the classroom. According to the results attained through hierarchical regression analyses, attitude towards teaching variable significantly predicted self-efficacy composite scores, efficacy scores for student engagement, classroom management and instructional strategies. Self-efficacy composite scores and efficacy for instructional strategies were significantly predicted by the competency in subject matter variable. Mentor teacher-student teacher relationship variable predicted only the efficacy for student engagement scores and finally the findings indicated that being a graduate of ATHSs was a significant predictor for neither efficacy belief composite scores nor the subscales. Findings were discussed in the light of the literature and implications of the findings and recommendations for practice and further research have been presented.

ABSTRACT EFFECTIVENESS OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE INSTRUCTION ACCOMPANIED WITH DEMONSTRATIONS AND COMPUTER ASSISTED CONCEPT MAPPING ON STUDENTS&rsquo / UNDERSTANDING OF MATTER CONCEPTS Yavuz, Ayse PhD., Department of Secondary Science and Mathematics Education Supervisor: Prof. Dr. &Ouml / mer Geban January 2005, 133 pages The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of conceptual change instruction accompanied with demonstration and computer assisted concept mapping on seventh grade students understanding matter concepts. In addition, the effect of instruction on students&rsquo / attitudes toward science as a school subject and the effect of gender difference on understanding matter concepts were investigated. Seventy five, seventh grade students from four classes of a General Science Course taught by the same teacher at &Ouml / zel ENKA Middle School during fall semester of 2003&ndash / 2004 was enrolled in this study. The classes were randomly assigned as conrol group and experimental group. Students in the control group received traditional science instruction including traditional lecture method with discussions and traditionally designed labsheets. Students who were in the experimental group received conceptual change instruction accompanied with demonstration and computer assisted concept mapping. Both groups were administered Matter Concept Test as pre- and post-tests and Attitude Scale toward Science as a School Subject. In addition to these, Science Process Skill Test was used at the beginning of the study to determine students&rsquo / science process skills. T-test, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for testing the hypotheses of the study. The results indicated that conceptual change instruction accompanied with demonstration and computer assisted concept mapping caused a better acquisition of scientific conceptions related to matter concepts and produced more positive attitudes toward science as a school subject than traditionally designed sicence instruction. In addition, science process skill was a strong predictor in understanding matter concepts. On the other hand, no significant effect of gender difference on students&rsquo / understanding of matter concepts and their attitudes toward science as a school subject was found.

In this graduation theses is processed general theoretical principle of subject matter mammals, analisis curriculum of nature study and general science, suggestion and subject for nature study and general science use relationship between subjects and analysis of realization some of the schemes in practises.

Com o significativo crescimento da Educação a Distância (EaD), surge a preocupação e a necessidade de um olhar qualitativo diferenciado para todas as atividades que estão, direta ou indiretamente, relacionadas à área. Esse olhar qualitativo deve ser embasado em pressupostos científicos e não em empirismo, como se vê no encaminhamento dado por diversas instituições. Considerando que a qualidade do todo é conseguida pela qualidade das partes que o compõem, a da educação a distância é conseguida por meio da somatória da qualidade da execução de diversas atividades - como tutoria, gestão e coordenação de processo, dentre outras - e dos instrumentos utilizados - como material instrucional (MI) e sistemas gestores de aprendizagem -, que devem estar integrados não apenas ao contexto educacional ao qual pertencem, mas também a uma realidade flexível e dinâmica, imposta pela própria modalidade. O foco desse trabalho está na qualidade do processo de planejamento de um MI, considerado como o instrumento que integra agentes, atividades, tecnologias e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem. A partir de uma profunda atividade de pesquisa bibliográfica relacionada à EaD, aos estilos de ensino e aprendizagem, à taxonomia de objetivos cognitivos e às mídias, de caráter exploratório e prático, propõe-se a utilização de uma diretriz para planejar materiais instrucionais, tendo como objetivo o efetivo desenvolvimento cognitivo, realizado por meio da estimulação e motivação para aquisição de novos conhecimentos, de competências, de habilidades, e direcionando para uma mudança de atitude em relação ao saber adquirido. / With the significant increase in Distance Education (DE) there is a significant and different concern about the quality related to all activities that are directly or indirectly related to it. Whereas the quality of the whole is achieved by the quality of its parts; at distance education this is achieved through the summation of the quality of different activities such as mentoring, tutoring, educational management, among others, as well as the instruments used as instructional subject matter (ISM), learning manager systems (LMS), which should be integrated not only to the educational context to which they belong, but also to a flexible and dynamic reality imposed by the modality. The focus of this work is at the quality of the process of planning ISM as it has been considered the instrument that integrates staffs, technology and learning/teaching strategies. Based on the bibliographical revision about distance education, learning and teaching styles, medias and taxonomy of educational objectives a framework for planning ISB was designed and it was submitted to specialists\' critiques, suggestions and considerations to verify its consistency and applicability toward the effectiveness cognitive development achieved by means of stimulation and motivation for new knowledge, skills, ability the acquisition and consequently to a change of attitude towards the of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned.

Innehållet i förskolans läroplan medför att de som arbetar med den behöver kunskaper inom många olika ämnesområden. Syftet med studien var därför att få mer kunskap om pedagogers egenupplevda ämnes- och ämnesdidaktiska kunskaper, utifrån angivna mål och riktlinjer i Läroplan för förskolan. Till det användes webbenkät som metod. Efter bearbetning omfattade studiens material 160 webbenkätsvar. Ämnet som då skattades högst var språk/kommunikation och ämnet som skattades lägst var fysik. I tillägg till det framkom att drygt 50 av respondenterna, vid planerade pedagogiska aktiviteter, använde sig av olika didaktiska strategier beroende på hur de skattade sin ämneskunskap. Till skillnad från högt skattade ämnen tenderade de nämligen att, vid arbete med lågt skattade ämnen, förbise samspel och att ha barns intresse/behov som utgångspunkter i verksamheten.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en inblick i vilka faktorer som eleverna själva upplever ha betydelse för deras skolarbete i ämnet bild. Lärarna menar att låg motivation är ett stort problem i dagens skola och många elever upplever mötet med skolan som meningslös eftersom de inte känner sig delaktiga i det som händer i klassrummet. Eftersom forskning visat att all bildning bygger på motivation känns det viktigt för mig att ta reda på hur jag på bästa sätt ska kunna hjälpa mina elever att hitta den motivation och drivkraft som krävs för att klara av skolarbetet. Min studie bygger på en enkätundersökning där 62 elever i årskurs nio har fått svara på frågor om vilka motivationsfaktorer som de anser ha betydelse respektive sakna betydelse för deras motivation när det gäller det skolarbete som är kopplat till bildlektionerna. Enkätfrågorna är framtagna utifrån de faktorer som enligt litteraturstudier och forskningsresultat visat ha betydelse för motivation till skolarbete. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att eleverna först och främst vill känna sig nöjda med sitt arbete och hur de klarat av att genomföra sina uppgifter. På andra plats när det gäller viktiga motivationsfaktorer hamnar lärarens bemötande. Enkätresultaten bekräftade också min föreställning om att många elever ser bildämnet som ett roligt men tyvärr inte så viktigt skolämne. / The aim of this essay is to get an insight into what factors the pupils themselves perceive are important for their school work in the subject image. The teachers mean that motivation is a major problem in today's school and many students experience the meeting with school as meaningless because they do not feel involved in what is happening in the classroom. Since research has shown that all education is based on motivation, it feels important to me to find out how I can best help my students to find the motivation and driving force needed to cope with school work.   My study is based on a questionnaire survey, where 62 students in grade nine have answered questions about the motivational factors that they consider to be important and not relevant to their motivation regarding the school work associated with the image lessons. The survey questions are based on the factors that, according to literature studies and research results, have shown importance for motivation for school work. The results of the survey show that students first and foremost want to feel satisfied with their work and how they managed to fulfill their tasks. Secondly, when it comes to important motivational factors, the teacher's response ends. The survey results also confirmed my idea that many students view the subject matter as a fun but unfortunately not so important subject matter.

Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM) / Knowledge Management has been at the heart of mounting focus over the last several years. Research and literature on the area under discussion has grown and organizations have come to realize that success is often determined by one’s ability to create, disseminate, and embody knowledge in products and services. This realization has led to increased interest in examining the ways in which knowledge can be effectively identified, elicited, codified, distributed and retained.When an employee leaves an organization, the knowledge they possess often goes with them. This loss can potentially have a negative impact on the productivity and quality of the organization. Knowledge Management seeks to find ways to minimize loss of knowledge when an employee leaves an organization. One of the impediments that knowledge management seeks to overcome is the accepted tendency in people to hoard knowledge. People often withhold knowledge when they feel it provides them with a competitive advantage over others. The argument of this study was intended to provide the organization with an approach that it can utilize to facilitate tacit knowledge elicitation by means of the storytelling method.In keeping with Grounded theory principles, and utilising an interpretive approach, stories from Subject Matter Experts were collected and re-coded into fitting knowledge management constructs. The coding of the stories into the various knowledge management constructs was then further refined by means of expert review. Pearson’s cross correlation analysis was also used as a supporting tool to determine and validate that the collected stories were classified correctly under the knowledge management constructs. The research findings eventually demonstrated that storytelling is an effective means of eliciting tacit knowledge from experts. In addition to this, the research has inadvertently resulted in the construction of a knowledge management framework for storytelling.