Student Number : 8708508W - PhD thesis - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / As the title implies, this research concerned the convergence of race and culture in school settings. How the two categories are related is a complex matter, especially in the context of South Africa where race has played, and continues to play, a critical role in the formation of culture. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics of teaching and learning in racially diverse classrooms in three historically white former Model C Schools in Ekhuruleni East District of Gauteng Department of Education (GDE). To this end I conducted a multiple case study with Grade 8 pupils and their teachers, with a primary intention of illuminating the challenges, attitudes and emotions experienced by teachers and pupils, as well as the dynamics between teachers and pupils, and among pupils. Eight questions guided the data collection through extended on-site observation and interviews: (i) What are the experiences and challenges of teachers and pupils in racially/culturally diverse classrooms? (ii) How do teachers and pupils respond to these experiences and challenges? (iii) What preparation if any, have teachers had in order to face these challenges in racially/culturally diverse classrooms? (iv) How do teachers and pupils and pupils and pupils from diverse race groups interact? (v) What are teachers and pupils opinions about racially diverse classrooms?(vi) What is the significance of race to pupils at the three schools? (vii) How is race conceptualised and lived at school? (viii) What is the impact of the discourse of race on the lives of black pupils? The theoretical framework of this research is situated in the field of teaching and cultural diversity. In order to place the research questions and findings in the context of international and local research and debate on cultural diversity in education, I consulted a wide range of both international and local literature. The thesis presents the main research findings, in terms of four broad themes that cut across the research questions: Change, Subjective Reality and Assimilation; Discourse of Blame and Cultural Deficit Discourse; Home Culture versus School Culture; Perceived Racism or Racism as a Consequence of Change. The analysed data revealed that teachers’ were frustrated and it was evident from their subjective reality that they were not dealing well with change. Pupils preferred homogeneous groups rather than integrated groups thus there was little interaction between racial groups. Hostility was evident and in some cases resulted in fights between black and white pupils. Black pupils perceived the presence of racism among some white teachers and pupils This study could, despite its limitations, pave the way for far more elaborate studies to be conducted.. Since statutory racial integration in South Africa is only ten years old the discourse of racial diversity needs to be illuminated through extensive and intensive research. Teachers need to address both social and educational aims simultaneously as the findings suggest that unless teachers acknowledge and understand diversity in their classrooms and understands the backgrounds of their pupils; these pupils are likely to remain marginalised and desegregated schools run the risk of not contributing to social change.

As Information Security (IS) standards do not always effectively cater for Social Engineering (SE) attacks, the expected results of an Information Security Management System (ISMS), based on such standards, can be seriously undermined by uncontrolled SE vulnerabilities. ISO/IEC 17799:2005 is the subject of the current analysis as it is the type of standard not restricted to technical controls, while encompassing proposals from other standards and generally-accepted sets of recommendations in the field. Following an analysis of key characteristics of SE and based on the study of Psychological and Social aspects of SE and IS, a detailed examination of ISO/IEC 17799:2005 is presented and an assessment of the efficiency of its controls with respect to SE is provided. Furthermore, enhancements to existing controls and inclusion of new controls aimed at strengthening the defense against Social Engineering are suggested. Measurement and quantification issues of IS with respect to SE are also dealt with. A novel way of assessing the level of Information Assurance in a system is proposed and sets the basis for future work on this subject. / Information Systems / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

As Information Security (IS) standards do not always effectively cater for Social Engineering (SE) attacks, the expected results of an Information Security Management System (ISMS), based on such standards, can be seriously undermined by uncontrolled SE vulnerabilities. ISO/IEC 17799:2005 is the subject of the current analysis as it is the type of standard not restricted to technical controls, while encompassing proposals from other standards and generally-accepted sets of recommendations in the field. Following an analysis of key characteristics of SE and based on the study of Psychological and Social aspects of SE and IS, a detailed examination of ISO/IEC 17799:2005 is presented and an assessment of the efficiency of its controls with respect to SE is provided. Furthermore, enhancements to existing controls and inclusion of new controls aimed at strengthening the defense against Social Engineering are suggested. Measurement and quantification issues of IS with respect to SE are also dealt with. A novel way of assessing the level of Information Assurance in a system is proposed and sets the basis for future work on this subject. / Information Systems / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

Esta Dissertação é o resultado de um abrangente estudo com o qual objetivo compreender a complexidade dos (des)caminhos nas trajetórias de jovens em processo de inserção profissional do Curso Técnico em Eletrotécnica e Curso Técnico em Química, na Escola Estadual Técnica São João Batista – Montenegro/RS, no período de 2001 a 2004. Desvelar estas complexas trajetórias de inserção profissional, sustentada nos autores com os quais neste texto dialogo, constitui o foco central do meu percurso investigatório, porque é um ponto de partida para a possibilidade de intervenção à mudança. A historicidade (tempo-espaço) perpassa a revisão teórica e a análise da realidade. Focalizo o homem, um sujeito circunscrito por ideologias/crenças engendradas por seu contexto sócio-econômico-cultural, o seu habitus, segundo Pierre Bourdieu. Essas referências sustentam a pesquisa empírica – qualitativa, quando um olhar aguçado nas trajetórias familiares e pessoais de escolaridade e ocupações profissionais resultam em Discursos de Sujeitos Coletivos (orientados por Lefèvre, F. e Lefèvre, A. M. C., 2003). A análise desses discursos viabilizam a demarcação de identidades, geradas em suas histórias de vida; bem como, demarcam preconceitos e obstáculos diversos provocadores de descontinuidades. Acolho as deduções de Guimarães (2004) ao identificar padrões de mobilidade da coorte de trabalhadores demitidos da indústria petroquímica, e defino três padrões de trajetórias de inserção. Concluo que as trajetórias de reconversão do Grupo Laranja e as trajetórias de exclusão do Grupo Azul estão na contramão da formação técnica, que é perseguida nas trajetórias de permanência pelo Grupo Verde. E a escola, ignorando o colorido em sua volta, lida com a pedagogia como se o mundo fosse monocromático, e tudo permanece como está. Embora a Constituição Federativa do Brasil legisle que não pode existir a divisão sexual do trabalho, constato no campo factual trajetórias de inserção profissional condicionadas por preconceito de gênero. Por fim, tomo de Peralva (1997) a conclusão de que as idades da vida não são fenômenos naturais, e sim, sociais e históricos, e são plurais. O que é escrito em determinada idade pelo sujeito, está condicionado pelo seu padrão identitário. A história não é estática, é movimento; por isso mesmo, não são imutáveis os habitus pelos quais transitam os sujeitos. As cores definem identidades e os sujeitos podem transitar entre elas. Esses resultados elucidam os (des)caminhos nas trajetórias dos jovens no seu processo de inserção profissional nos Cursos Técnicos do SJB, indicam a influência do contexto sócio-econômico-cultural e rompem com as promessas anunciadas pela Teoria do Capital Humano. As deduções suscitam novos questionamentos que marcam a incompletude do meu próprio percurso. Um convite à continuidade... / This dissertation is the result of a wide-ranging study that aims to understand the complexity of the (out)ways in the trajectories of the young in the process of professional insertion from the Technical Course in Eletrotecnic and Chemistry at SJB Technical State School – Montenegro/RS, from 2001 to 2004. To clarity these complex trajectories of profissional insertion, supported on the authors with whom I dialog on this text, constitutes the focus of my investigator way, because is the first step towards the intervention possibility of changing. The historicity (time-space) goes through the theoretical revision and the analysis of the reality. I focus the man, subject circumscribed by ideologies/beliefs engendered by their socio-economical-cultural context, and their habitus, according to Pierre Bourdieu. These references support the empiric-qualitative research, when a sharp look in the familiar and personal trajectories of school degree and professional occupation result in Speeches of Collective Subjects (guided by Lefévre, F. and Lefévre, A. M. C., 2003). The analysis of these speeches enables the demarcating of identities, generated in their life histories; as well as they demarcate prejudices and diversified obstacles that provoke discontinuities. I take Guimarães (2004) deductions, when he identifies patterns of mobility of the “coorte” of fired workers from the Petrochemical industry, and define three patterns of trajectories of insertion. I conclude that the trajectories of recon version from the orange group and the trajectories of exclusion from the blue group are on the opposite way from the technique formation, which is pursued on the trajectories of permanence by the green group. And the school, ignoring the colored around, deals with pedagogy as if the world was monochromatic, and everything remains the same. Although the Federative Constitution of Brazil says that there can’t be the work sexual division, I see that on the factual field trajectories of professional insertion conditioned to gender prejudice. Finally, I took from Peralva (1997) the conclusion that the ages of life are not natural phenomena, but social and historical, and they are plural. What is written in a definite age by the subject, it is not conditioned by their identification pattern. The history is not static, it is movement; that’s why the habitus through which the subjects go through are not unchangeable. And, still, the colors define identities, but, the subjects may transit among them. These results elucidate the (out) ways in the trajectories of the young in their process of professional insertion from the Technique Courses at SJB, indicate the influence of the socio-economical-cultural context and break with the promises announced by the Human Capital Theory. The deductions generate new questions that mark the sketchiness of my own way. An invitation to the continuity…

Esta Dissertação é o resultado de um abrangente estudo com o qual objetivo compreender a complexidade dos (des)caminhos nas trajetórias de jovens em processo de inserção profissional do Curso Técnico em Eletrotécnica e Curso Técnico em Química, na Escola Estadual Técnica São João Batista – Montenegro/RS, no período de 2001 a 2004. Desvelar estas complexas trajetórias de inserção profissional, sustentada nos autores com os quais neste texto dialogo, constitui o foco central do meu percurso investigatório, porque é um ponto de partida para a possibilidade de intervenção à mudança. A historicidade (tempo-espaço) perpassa a revisão teórica e a análise da realidade. Focalizo o homem, um sujeito circunscrito por ideologias/crenças engendradas por seu contexto sócio-econômico-cultural, o seu habitus, segundo Pierre Bourdieu. Essas referências sustentam a pesquisa empírica – qualitativa, quando um olhar aguçado nas trajetórias familiares e pessoais de escolaridade e ocupações profissionais resultam em Discursos de Sujeitos Coletivos (orientados por Lefèvre, F. e Lefèvre, A. M. C., 2003). A análise desses discursos viabilizam a demarcação de identidades, geradas em suas histórias de vida; bem como, demarcam preconceitos e obstáculos diversos provocadores de descontinuidades. Acolho as deduções de Guimarães (2004) ao identificar padrões de mobilidade da coorte de trabalhadores demitidos da indústria petroquímica, e defino três padrões de trajetórias de inserção. Concluo que as trajetórias de reconversão do Grupo Laranja e as trajetórias de exclusão do Grupo Azul estão na contramão da formação técnica, que é perseguida nas trajetórias de permanência pelo Grupo Verde. E a escola, ignorando o colorido em sua volta, lida com a pedagogia como se o mundo fosse monocromático, e tudo permanece como está. Embora a Constituição Federativa do Brasil legisle que não pode existir a divisão sexual do trabalho, constato no campo factual trajetórias de inserção profissional condicionadas por preconceito de gênero. Por fim, tomo de Peralva (1997) a conclusão de que as idades da vida não são fenômenos naturais, e sim, sociais e históricos, e são plurais. O que é escrito em determinada idade pelo sujeito, está condicionado pelo seu padrão identitário. A história não é estática, é movimento; por isso mesmo, não são imutáveis os habitus pelos quais transitam os sujeitos. As cores definem identidades e os sujeitos podem transitar entre elas. Esses resultados elucidam os (des)caminhos nas trajetórias dos jovens no seu processo de inserção profissional nos Cursos Técnicos do SJB, indicam a influência do contexto sócio-econômico-cultural e rompem com as promessas anunciadas pela Teoria do Capital Humano. As deduções suscitam novos questionamentos que marcam a incompletude do meu próprio percurso. Um convite à continuidade... / This dissertation is the result of a wide-ranging study that aims to understand the complexity of the (out)ways in the trajectories of the young in the process of professional insertion from the Technical Course in Eletrotecnic and Chemistry at SJB Technical State School – Montenegro/RS, from 2001 to 2004. To clarity these complex trajectories of profissional insertion, supported on the authors with whom I dialog on this text, constitutes the focus of my investigator way, because is the first step towards the intervention possibility of changing. The historicity (time-space) goes through the theoretical revision and the analysis of the reality. I focus the man, subject circumscribed by ideologies/beliefs engendered by their socio-economical-cultural context, and their habitus, according to Pierre Bourdieu. These references support the empiric-qualitative research, when a sharp look in the familiar and personal trajectories of school degree and professional occupation result in Speeches of Collective Subjects (guided by Lefévre, F. and Lefévre, A. M. C., 2003). The analysis of these speeches enables the demarcating of identities, generated in their life histories; as well as they demarcate prejudices and diversified obstacles that provoke discontinuities. I take Guimarães (2004) deductions, when he identifies patterns of mobility of the “coorte” of fired workers from the Petrochemical industry, and define three patterns of trajectories of insertion. I conclude that the trajectories of recon version from the orange group and the trajectories of exclusion from the blue group are on the opposite way from the technique formation, which is pursued on the trajectories of permanence by the green group. And the school, ignoring the colored around, deals with pedagogy as if the world was monochromatic, and everything remains the same. Although the Federative Constitution of Brazil says that there can’t be the work sexual division, I see that on the factual field trajectories of professional insertion conditioned to gender prejudice. Finally, I took from Peralva (1997) the conclusion that the ages of life are not natural phenomena, but social and historical, and they are plural. What is written in a definite age by the subject, it is not conditioned by their identification pattern. The history is not static, it is movement; that’s why the habitus through which the subjects go through are not unchangeable. And, still, the colors define identities, but, the subjects may transit among them. These results elucidate the (out) ways in the trajectories of the young in their process of professional insertion from the Technique Courses at SJB, indicate the influence of the socio-economical-cultural context and break with the promises announced by the Human Capital Theory. The deductions generate new questions that mark the sketchiness of my own way. An invitation to the continuity…

Esta Dissertação é o resultado de um abrangente estudo com o qual objetivo compreender a complexidade dos (des)caminhos nas trajetórias de jovens em processo de inserção profissional do Curso Técnico em Eletrotécnica e Curso Técnico em Química, na Escola Estadual Técnica São João Batista – Montenegro/RS, no período de 2001 a 2004. Desvelar estas complexas trajetórias de inserção profissional, sustentada nos autores com os quais neste texto dialogo, constitui o foco central do meu percurso investigatório, porque é um ponto de partida para a possibilidade de intervenção à mudança. A historicidade (tempo-espaço) perpassa a revisão teórica e a análise da realidade. Focalizo o homem, um sujeito circunscrito por ideologias/crenças engendradas por seu contexto sócio-econômico-cultural, o seu habitus, segundo Pierre Bourdieu. Essas referências sustentam a pesquisa empírica – qualitativa, quando um olhar aguçado nas trajetórias familiares e pessoais de escolaridade e ocupações profissionais resultam em Discursos de Sujeitos Coletivos (orientados por Lefèvre, F. e Lefèvre, A. M. C., 2003). A análise desses discursos viabilizam a demarcação de identidades, geradas em suas histórias de vida; bem como, demarcam preconceitos e obstáculos diversos provocadores de descontinuidades. Acolho as deduções de Guimarães (2004) ao identificar padrões de mobilidade da coorte de trabalhadores demitidos da indústria petroquímica, e defino três padrões de trajetórias de inserção. Concluo que as trajetórias de reconversão do Grupo Laranja e as trajetórias de exclusão do Grupo Azul estão na contramão da formação técnica, que é perseguida nas trajetórias de permanência pelo Grupo Verde. E a escola, ignorando o colorido em sua volta, lida com a pedagogia como se o mundo fosse monocromático, e tudo permanece como está. Embora a Constituição Federativa do Brasil legisle que não pode existir a divisão sexual do trabalho, constato no campo factual trajetórias de inserção profissional condicionadas por preconceito de gênero. Por fim, tomo de Peralva (1997) a conclusão de que as idades da vida não são fenômenos naturais, e sim, sociais e históricos, e são plurais. O que é escrito em determinada idade pelo sujeito, está condicionado pelo seu padrão identitário. A história não é estática, é movimento; por isso mesmo, não são imutáveis os habitus pelos quais transitam os sujeitos. As cores definem identidades e os sujeitos podem transitar entre elas. Esses resultados elucidam os (des)caminhos nas trajetórias dos jovens no seu processo de inserção profissional nos Cursos Técnicos do SJB, indicam a influência do contexto sócio-econômico-cultural e rompem com as promessas anunciadas pela Teoria do Capital Humano. As deduções suscitam novos questionamentos que marcam a incompletude do meu próprio percurso. Um convite à continuidade... / This dissertation is the result of a wide-ranging study that aims to understand the complexity of the (out)ways in the trajectories of the young in the process of professional insertion from the Technical Course in Eletrotecnic and Chemistry at SJB Technical State School – Montenegro/RS, from 2001 to 2004. To clarity these complex trajectories of profissional insertion, supported on the authors with whom I dialog on this text, constitutes the focus of my investigator way, because is the first step towards the intervention possibility of changing. The historicity (time-space) goes through the theoretical revision and the analysis of the reality. I focus the man, subject circumscribed by ideologies/beliefs engendered by their socio-economical-cultural context, and their habitus, according to Pierre Bourdieu. These references support the empiric-qualitative research, when a sharp look in the familiar and personal trajectories of school degree and professional occupation result in Speeches of Collective Subjects (guided by Lefévre, F. and Lefévre, A. M. C., 2003). The analysis of these speeches enables the demarcating of identities, generated in their life histories; as well as they demarcate prejudices and diversified obstacles that provoke discontinuities. I take Guimarães (2004) deductions, when he identifies patterns of mobility of the “coorte” of fired workers from the Petrochemical industry, and define three patterns of trajectories of insertion. I conclude that the trajectories of recon version from the orange group and the trajectories of exclusion from the blue group are on the opposite way from the technique formation, which is pursued on the trajectories of permanence by the green group. And the school, ignoring the colored around, deals with pedagogy as if the world was monochromatic, and everything remains the same. Although the Federative Constitution of Brazil says that there can’t be the work sexual division, I see that on the factual field trajectories of professional insertion conditioned to gender prejudice. Finally, I took from Peralva (1997) the conclusion that the ages of life are not natural phenomena, but social and historical, and they are plural. What is written in a definite age by the subject, it is not conditioned by their identification pattern. The history is not static, it is movement; that’s why the habitus through which the subjects go through are not unchangeable. And, still, the colors define identities, but, the subjects may transit among them. These results elucidate the (out) ways in the trajectories of the young in their process of professional insertion from the Technique Courses at SJB, indicate the influence of the socio-economical-cultural context and break with the promises announced by the Human Capital Theory. The deductions generate new questions that mark the sketchiness of my own way. An invitation to the continuity…

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