Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dutra_ag_me_sjrp.pdf: 367017 bytes, checksum: 7f6e068667f2c81f80e87e474b0e7f14 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Uma substituicão é uma aplicação de um conjunto nito A (alfabeto) ao conjunto das palavras nitas sobre A. Neste trabalho, estudaremos propriedades topológicas e métricas dos sistemas din amicos associados a substituicões. Em particular, mostraremos que, para uma classe de substituicões, o sistema dinâmico associado é minimal e ergódico. / A substitution is a map from a nite set A (alphabet) to the set of nite words whose letters belong to A. In this work, we study some topological and metrical properties of the dynamical system associated to a substitution. In particular, we prove that for a class of substitutions, the associated dynamical system is minimal and ergodic.

Submitted by AGDA ALVES DA ROCHA null (rocha.agda@gmail.com) on 2017-11-28T19:58:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_Agda_2017.pdf: 3754795 bytes, checksum: 147e7d00c8330084beb9e117e77ac336 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUCIA SILVA PARRA null (lucia@ia.unesp.br) on 2017-11-29T16:34:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_aa_dr_rcla.pdf: 3754795 bytes, checksum: 147e7d00c8330084beb9e117e77ac336 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-29T16:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_aa_dr_rcla.pdf: 3754795 bytes, checksum: 147e7d00c8330084beb9e117e77ac336 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / A vespa social basal Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards tem ocorrência exclusiva no Brasil e foi registrada nos estados do Ceará, Bahia e Minas Gerais. Na Bahia, ocorre em três municípios da Chapada Diamantina: Lençóis, Mucugê e Rio de Contas. Nesta última, foram estudadas populações com relação à sua biologia básica, buscando responder perguntas relacionadas aos seguintes aspectos: morfologia externa dos imaturos, perfis comportamental, morfofisiológico e químico, substituição de rainhas, arquitetura de ninhos e hábitos de nidificação. Com relação à morfologia dos imaturos, a taxa média de crescimento da larva foi de 1,48. Com exceção da larva de 1o ínstar, que revelou-se menor do que o ovo, a espécie apresentou o padrão do grupo: presença de lobos, estes em número de dois e projetados para a frente, só totalmente desenvolvidos quando a larva atinge o 5o instar; as mandíbulas das larvas de 5o instar apresentam um único dente alongado e o primeiro espiráculo é mais do que duas (3,1) vezes maior em diâmetro que os demais. As cápsulas cefálicas da larva de 5º ínstar e da pré-pupa não diferiram significativamente. Após os estudos dos perfis morfofisiológico, químico e comportamental, foi verificado que as fêmeas de M. nomurae não apresentam distinção em sua morfologia externa, mas cinco tipos de desenvolvimento ovariano foram observados, três menos desenvolvidos (A1, A2 e B) e dois mais desenvolvidos (C e D). Foram detectados 34 compostos na sua cutícula, cujas cadeias variaram de 18 a 33 átomos de carbono. Os compostos consistiram em alcanos lineares (9%), alcanos ramificados (89%) e alcenos (2%). Foram identificados três grupos de fêmeas: Operária 1, Operária 2 e Rainha e a análise discriminante do perfil dos hidrocarbonetos cuticulares relacionada a esses grupos de fêmeas apresentou um p-valor significativo (Wilks' lambda= 0,135, F= 1.665, p = 0,0227). Após oito dias da remoção da fêmea dominante do ninho, em todas as colônias, exceto uma, a fêmea era anteriormente a fêmea β. Fêmeas com ovários não desenvolvidos podem realizar comportamentos de fêmea dominante, assim como uma fêmea com ovário desenvolvido comportouse como forrageadora típica. Houve diferença entre algumas atividades exercidas pelas fêmeas posicionadas em 2º lugar no ranking (fêmea β) e as demais fêmeas do ninho (3ª posição em diante), antes e após a remoção experimental da rainha. M. nomurae apresenta um sistema de gerontocracia flexível na sua substituição de rainhas e suas fêmeas sucessoras tornam-se mais agressivas que as rainhas originais, assumindo tarefas de dominantes, mesmo sem estarem inseminadas. Como algumas espécies do gênero, a maioria das colônias apresentou hábitos de nidificação relacionados a ambientes antrópicos. Destes, 61,2% das colônias utilizaram material de origem vegetal (madeira e palha). A altura média de construção do ninho com relação ao solo foi elevada, semelhante as das demais espécies do gênero (2,20 ± 0,83, 0,45 – 5,00m). A maioria dos ninhos foi construída com o favo voltado para baixo (70,15%) e em substrato horizontal (53,73%). O único favo do ninho pode ser arredondado ou elíptico, raramente retangular. O número de camadas de mecônio variou de zero a cinco e a espécie M. nomurae apresenta ninhos pequenos, com suas colônias apresentando um baixo número de adultos produzidos, embora haja uma alta taxa de reutilização de células. / The basal social wasp Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards occurs exclusively in Brazil, having been recorded there in the states of Ceará, Bahia, and Minas Gerais. It is known to occur in three municipalities in the Chapada Diamantina mountains of Bahia State: Lençóis, Mucugê, and Rio de Contas. Population studies were undertaken in the latter municipality to address questions related to the basic biology of M. nomurae: the external morphologies of the immatures; their behavior; their morpho-physiological and chemical profiles; queen substitutions; nest architecture, and nidification habits. In terms of the morphologies of the immatures, the mean larval growth rate was 1.48. With the exception of the 1st instar larvae, which are smaller than the eggs, the species demonstrated the standard developmental pattern for the group: the presence of lobes (two) projected forward, those only becoming fully developed in the 5th instar stage; mandibles in the 5th instar stage with a single elongated tooth, and the first spiracle with a diameter more than two (3.1) times greater than the others. The cephalic capsules of the 5th instar larvae and pre-pupae do not significantly differ. Studies of the morpho-physiological, chemical, and behavioral profiles of those wasps indicated that the females of M. nomurae do not have distinct external morphologies, although five different types of ovarian development were observed: three less-developed types (A1, A2 and B); and two more developed types (C and D). Thirty-four distinct chemical compounds were detected in the cuticle, with carbon chains varying from 18 to 33 atoms. Those carbon compounds consisted of linear alkanes (9%), branched alkanes (89%), and alkenes (2%). Three groups of females were identified: Workers 1, Workers 2, and Queens. Discriminant analyses of the cuticular hydrocarbons of those female groups demonstrated a significant p-value (Wilks' lambda= 0.135, F= 1.665, p = 0.0227). Eight days after the removal of the dominant female from the nest, female substitutions were observed all of the colonies (except one) assuming the condition of a new queen (from the ranks of the β females). Females with undeveloped ovaries do not perform behaviors associated with dominant females, nor do females with developed ovaries behave as typical foragers. There were differences between some of the activities performed by second-rank females (β females) and other females in the same nest (from the 3rd position down), both before and after experimentally removing the queen. M. nomurae demonstrates a flexible gerontocratic system in terms of queen substitutions, and the new queens become more aggressive than the original queens, assuming dominant roles even without being inseminated. As with many species of the same genus, most of the colonies nidify in anthropically modified environments. Of those colonies, 61.2% built nests using plant material (wood and leaves). The nests were constructed at reasonably high mean heights above ground level (2.20 ± 0.83 m; from 0.45 – 5.00 m), similar to other species of the genus. Most of the nests were affixed to horizontal substrates (53.73%) and constructed with the comb facing downward (70.15%). A nest comb can be rounded or elliptic, rarely rectangular. The numbers of meconium layers varied from zero to five. The nests of M. nomurae are generally small, with their colonies producing only small numbers of adults - although with high rates of comb cell reutilization.

Orientador: Ali Messaoudi / Banca: Daniel Smania Brandão / Banca: Vanderlei Minori Horita / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar propriedades topológicas e aritméticas dos fractais de Rauzy. Em particular provamos que o fractal de Rauzy é um subconjunto compacto de C, conexo, com interior simplesmente conexo e que ele induz um azulejamento periódico do plano complexo. Além disso, construimos um autômato finito capaz de gerar a fronteira do fractal de Rauzy. Com isto demos uma parametrização para a fronteira e claculamos sus dimensão de Hausdorff. Estudamos também os pontos extremos do fractal de Rauzy. / Abstract: The aim of this work is to study some topological and arithmetical properties of the Rauzy fractals. In particular we proved that the Rauzy fractal is a compact subset of C, connected, its interior is simply connected, and it induces a periodic tiling of the complex pane. Furthermore, we studied the construction of a finite automaton able to generate the boundary of the Rauzy fractal, allowing us to provide a parametrization for its boundary, and claculate its Hausdorff dimension. We also studied the extremal points of the Rauzy fractal. / Mestre

Les benzofuroxanes sont des hétérocycles possédant des propriétés biologiques importantes. Ce type de composés possède une forte électrophilie en fonction du nombre de groupements électroattracteurs présent sur leur carbocycle. Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans la continuité des travaux reportés dans ce domaine. Ainsi, dans une première partie purement bibliographique, sera développé l’historique de la synthèse et de la réactivité des benzofuroxanes ainsi que les travaux du laboratoire.Dans une seconde partie est présenté le développement de voies de synthèses originales vers des fluoronitrobenzofuroxanes à partir de composés simples et variés de type phénols, anisoles, et anilines. La synthèse de composés benzofuroxanes polyfluorés est ensuite présentée, revisitant la formation du 4,6-difluorobenzofuroxane qui a permis de mettre en évidence des résultats erronés de la littérature et de proposer une nouvelle méthode efficace pour sa formation. L’utilisation de la RMN à température variable a permis de déterminer sans ambiguïtés la structure de ces benzofuroxanes fluorés.Dans une troisième partie, leur réactivité est étudiée selon plusieurs méthodes, de la réactivité péricyclique à des calculs théoriques d’électrophilie globale en passant par des potentiels de réduction mesurés par voie électrochimique. Ces résultats sont comparés à d’autres électrophiles comme le trinitrobenzène en série aromatique ou le DNBF, pour les molécules superélectrophiles. De plus, la formation de quinoxalines possédant potentiellement des activités biologiques sera décrite.Dans une quatrième partie, la synthèse de composés de type benzodifuroxanes est développée. Après une introduction sur leurs caractéristiques structurales, la synthèse du 4-fluorobenzodifuroxane est décrite ainsi que la formation des analogues bromé et iodé. D’autre part la synthèse du 4-méthoxybenzodifuroxane et du 4-aminobenzodifuroxane sera décrite permettant d’apporter des informations sur la réactivité de ce type de composés.Enfin dans un dernier chapitre, la réactivité d’un électrophile chargé tel que le tropylium vis-à-vis de nucléophiles faibles indoliques sera présentée. La réaction de couplage avec le tropylium permettra de mettre en valeur la régiosélectivité de ce couplage. Les tropylidènes obtenus seront caractérisés afin de mettre en avant les caractéristiques spectrales de ce type d’adduit. Les tropylidènes formés sont ensuite oxydés afin de conduire à des tropyliums fonctionnalisés très colorés qui peuvent être aussi obtenus en une seule étape.Finalement, cette thèse s’achèvera sur une conclusion générale qui présentera aussi les perspectives sur le sujet et ce que ces travaux ont apporté à la chimie des benzofuroxanes. / Benzofuroxans are heterocycles exhibiting many biological activities. This kind of compounds has been shown to be very electrophilic spieces when substituted by electron-withdrawing groups. This work is an important part of the works reported in this field of heterocyclic chemistry. In the first part of this PhD thesis, one will find the bibliographic part dedicated to benzofuroxans including the works of our team.In a second part, the development of original synthetic pathways leading to fluoronitrobenzofuroxans from simple compounds like phenols, anisoles or anilines is shown. The synthesis of polyfluorinated benzofuroxans will be presented by revisiting the formation of 4,6-difluorobenzofuroxan highlighting erroneous published results and allowing the finding of new and efficient methods leading to the difluorinated benzofuroxan. The use of variable temperature NMR experiments allows the unambiguous determination of the structure of fluorinated benzofuroxans.In a third part the reactivity of benzofuroxans is studied using different methods such as the experimental study of the pericyclic Diels-Alder reaction, theoretical calculations of global electrophilcity and the electrochemical measurements of reduction potentials. These results are compared to those of other electrophiles like trinitrobenzene in the usual aromatic series and of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan in the superelectrophilic dimension. Then, the formation of quinoxalines exhibiting potential biological activities will be described.In a fourth part the synthesis of benzodifuroxan-type compounds is developed. After an introduction dealing with their main structural features, the synthesis of the 4-fluorobenzodifuroxan and the formation of brominated and iodinated analogs are described. Then the synthesis of the 4-methoxybenzodifuroxan and the 4-aminobenzodifuroxan will bring interesting informations on the reactivity of this kind of compounds.In a last chapter the reactivity of the tropylium cation with weak nucleophiles such as indoles will be presented. The C-C coupling reactions with the tropylium cation allow the isolation of many tropylidenes moieties, which will be subsequently oxidized to lead to highly functionalized and colored substituted tropyliums.Finally, a general conclusion will summarize the significant results and the perspectives of this work in the field of benzofuroxans chemistry

Detection of single nucleotide substitutions (SNS) in DNA and RNA has a growing importance in biology and medicine. One traditional approach for recognition of SNS takes advantage of hybridization probes that bind target nucleic acids followed by measuring ?Tm, the difference in melting temperatures of matched and mismatched hybrids. The approach enables SNS differentiation at elevated temperatures (usually 40-65oC) often only in a narrow range of < 10oC and requires high-resolution melting devices. Here we demonstrate that a specially designed DNA probe (X sensor) can broaden ?Tm from ~10oC to ~16oC and distinguish SNS in the interval of ~5-40oC. Therefore, there is no need for heating or measuring Tm for accurate SNS differentiation. Our data indicate that this wide differentiation range is in part due to the non-equilibrium hybridization conditions. Further we explored the idea that it is possible to improve the performance of an X sensor operable in close to equilibrium conditions by shifting its operability to non-equilibrium conditions. One way to achieve this is to introduce as many as possible structured ligands in analyte's dissociated state. Here we show that by introducing the maximum possible conformational constraints in X probe it is possible to shift its operation to non-equilibrium conditions and to improve its selectivity at temperatures < 15oC. Thus, this work points towards a new strategy for the design of highly selective hybridization sensors which operate in non-equilibrium conditions at close to room temperature. The X sensors could be utilized in qPCR, microarrays, as well as RNA analysis in living cells and for ambient temperature point-of-care diagnostics. In the last part of this work, X sensors were used in real time detection of PCR products. The sensors were optimized to operate in PCR buffer with optimal Mg2+ concentration. They were able to detect the target amplicon together with nonspecific products. The results presented here suggest that X sensors might be adopted for real time PCR format.

L'étude de l'adsorption et de la mobilité des ions dans les argiles est importante pour mieux appréhender de nombreux processus géochimiques et environnementaux, de même que pour prédire le comportement des radionucléides dans les conditions du stockage géologique. A cause de leurs tailles très petites (< 2μm), il n'est pas toujours évident d'étudier les argiles à l'aide des méthodes et techniques expérimentales existantes. L'une des alternatives à ce problème consiste alors à utiliser la modélisation moléculaire pour les étudier. En plus de leurs tailles fines, les argiles présentent également des structures complexes, qui peuvent survenir en raison de la multiplicité de possibilités de distributions et d'arrangements des substitutions isomorphiques dans leurs couches. Il a été clairement démontré qu'il existe une corrélation entre la distribution des substitutions dans les couches des argiles et les propriétés de ces dernières. En revanche, ceci reste à démontrer en ce qui concerne l'arrangement de ces substitutions dans les couches de l'argile. Dans ce travail, la modélisation moléculaire est utilisée pour déterminer et comparer les propriétés d'hydratation, ainsi que la structure et la mobilité des ions (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ni²⁺, UO₂²⁺) et de l'eau dans l'espace interfoliaire de trois modèles de montmorillonite, différents entre eux par l'arrangement des substitutions isomorphiques dans les couches de l'argile.L'adsorption et la diffusion des cations cités plus haut et de l'eau sont également étudiées à la surface de la montmorillonite et les résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus dans l'espace interfoliaire à 298 K et à 363 K. Les résultats obtenus dans ce travail s'accordent bien avec les observations expérimentales, et font ressortir une corrélation plus ou moins importante entre le modèle d'argile utilisé et le type de propriété calculée. Cette corrélation dépend également de la nature du cation présent dans la structure de la montmorillonite et de sa teneur en eau.

The objective of this dissertation was to examine the action profiles of elite field hockey players in relationship to the 2015 FIH rule change. The following are major findings of the dissertation: The following are major findings of the dissertation: Study 1 – Relative action profiles before the rule change revealed that defenders work at a lower meter per minute (m/min) when compared with all other positions, and that forwards, midfielders, and screens perform similar m/min during a game. Examination of pre rule change difference from the 1st to the 2nd half play showed that elite level field hockey players are able maintain high-intensity actions in zone 6 throughout the game by increasing actions in zones 1 and 2, and decreasing actions in zones 4 and 5. Study 2 – Action profiles after the rule formatting change revealed the team was unable to match the percent of distance covered in zones 4 and 5 during the 1st quarter all in subsequent quarters. The low intensity actions in zone 1 and 2 gradually increased, while m/min gradually declined. However the percent of distance covered in zone 6 showed no statistically significant change. When positional differences were examined forwards covered the greatest percent of distance in zones 5 and 6, followed by midfielders, screens, and defenders. This pattern varies for zone 4, within which the midfielders possesses the greatest percent distance covered. 3 Study 3 – Relative action profile comparisons for the team, pre to post the 2015 rule change did not indicate a significant change in zones 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. However zone 1 experience a statistically significant decrease. Positional analysis showed statistically significant changes for midfielders only. The changes were a decrease in zone 1, and increase in zone 5 and 6 during the first half of the game, and decrease in zone 1 and m/min during the second half of the game. A major focus of the US Women’s National Team is to develop the athletes’ physical capacity to maintain and repeat high intensity actions. The combination of physical preparation and tactical strategies allow the team to express high m/min and numerous high intensity actions throughout a match.

Dans cette thèse, on commence par présenter l'étude d'un système dynamique isométrique par morceaux généralisant un exemple connu. On montre qu'il exhibe une infinité de points périodiques hiérarchisés par une structure auto-similaire. L'application de premier retour dans un de ses atomes est une isométrie par morceaux définie sur une partition auto-similaire comportant une infinité d'atomes dont le temps de retour croit exponentiellement. L'auto-similarité observée n'est que partielle, elle ne décrit pas toute la dynamique, mais elle est préservée quand on varie le paramètre principal de manière continue. Cela permet d'identifier les conditions sous lesquelles une auto-similarité est possible. On dégagera ainsi des hypothèses générales qui ont de nombreuses conséquences intéréssantes. En particulier, outre l'existence éventuelle de familles de cellules périodiques descriptibles par un schéma substitutif, on montrera qu'il doit exister un ensemble non vide de points apériodiques. Cet ensemble est fractal, il peut être construit comme un attracteur d'I.F.S graphe-dirigé et sa dimension de Hausdorff peut être calculée. On montrera aussi que la structure géométrique amène tout naturellement à coder la dynamique par une application de Vershik sur un diagramme de Bratteli stationnaire, uni-ergodique sous des conditions naturelles de primitivité. Ce codage particulier peut être "traduit" dans le langage standard de l'application. Cette dynamique symbolique-ci est alors un système substitutif.\\ Le cadre présenté est suffisament général pour englober la plupart des cas particuliers étudiés jusqu'alors. A titre d'application, on l'utilise pour montrer que le système cité ci-dessus possède une mesure invariante dotée d'une infinité de composantes ergodiques.

Two relatively new EPA policies encourage the inclusion of pollution prevention in regulatory enforcement settlements. The advantages to a firm include reduction or elimination of environmental problems at the source (thus decreasing reliance on end-of-pipe controls), enhanced prospects for future compliance, and a potential for a reduction in the assessed penalty. We discuss the factors that influence both EPA and firms to include pollution prevention in enforcement settlements, characterize the process in a few exemplary cases, and recommend ways to enhance and expand these activities. The research presented focused on case study analysis of 10 recent EPA-negotiated enforcement settlements that included chemical substitutions, process changes, or closed-loop recycling

The research presented in this thesis is aimed at developing reliable information systems through the application of model-driven and formal techniques. These are techniques in which a precise, formal model of system behaviour is exploited as source code. As such a model may be more abstract, and more concise, than source code written in a conventional programming language, it should be easier and more economical to create, to analyse, and to change. The quality of the model of the system can be ensured through certain kinds of formal analysis and fixed accordingly if necessary. Most valuably, the model serves as the basis for the automated generation or configuration of a working system. This thesis provides four research contributions. The first involves the analysis of a proposed modelling language targeted at the model-driven development of information systems. Logical properties of the language are derived, as are properties of its compiled form---a guarded substitution notation. The second involves the extension of this language, and its semantics, to permit the description of workflows on information systems. Workflows described in this way may be analysed to determine, in advance of execution, the extent to which their concurrent execution may introduce the possibility of deadlock or blocking: a condition that, in this context, is synonymous with a failure to achieve the specified outcome. The third contribution concerns the validation of models written in this language by adapting existing techniques of software testing to the analysis of design models. A methodology is presented for checking model consistency, on the basis of a generated test suite, against the intended requirements. The fourth and final contribution is the presentation of an implementation strategy for the language, targeted at standard, relational databases, and an argument for its correctness, based on a simple, set-theoretic semantics for structure and operations.