Closed-loop performance of an active noise reduction (ANR) headset is limited by phase lag. Speaker dynamics, control hardware, and acoustic wave propagation from the control speaker to the error microphone all contribute to this phase lag. Understanding these sources of phase lag and their relative effects on performance allows for better design of an analog or digital ANR headset. This thesis demonstrates that the three most significant sources of phase lag in a digital ANR headset are the dynamics of the control speaker's diaphragm, the anti-aliasing filter, and the smoothing filter. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the acoustic wave propagation from the control speaker to the error microphone is not a major contributor of phase lag. Based on these results, it was determined that attention should be focused on the anti-aliasing and smoothing filters when attempting to minimize phase lag and improve a digital ANR system's performance. A design procedure was developed to calculate filter responses that contributed a minimal amount of phase lag to a headset. Using this minimal phase filter design procedure, a digital ANR headset was successfully built and tested. Initial testing revealed that the anti-aliasing filter was not as vital to performance as the smoothing filter. Further testing indicated that the anti-aliasing requirements could be effectively met through the use of only a smoothing filter. Therefore, in order to minimize the phase lag of a digital ANR headset, a smoothing filter may be utilized in the absence of an anti-aliasing filter for some applications. / Master of Science

Le marketing expérientiel s’est construit autour d’une promesse : être en capacité de créer et d’offrir à ses clients des expériences extraordinaires. Ce cadre théorique, qui a plus de trente ans, s’inscrit dans une vision traditionnelle du marketing ; l’entreprise doit créer de la valeur pour ses clients et dans le paradigme expérientiel, cette création passe par la mise en place d’un contexte expérientiel visant à ré-enchanter la consommation. Ce constat a soulevé plusieurs interrogations chez l’auteur : d’une part l’entreprise peut-elle créer des expériences ? et d’autre part qu’entendons-nous par « ré-enchantement » ? Ce sont ces interrogations qui ont nourri la réflexion de départ de cette thèse. Cette réflexion a conduit à la formulation d’une problématique et des questions de recherche autour de l’expérience ordinaire vécue par le consommateur.En marketing plusieurs auteurs ont identifié les principaux aspects qui ressortent des expériences ordinaires des consommateurs. Néanmoins, ces recherches ne permettent pas de saisir ce qu’elles représentent du point de vue du consommateur. Pourtant, dans une optique managériale, identifier « l’ordinaire » du point de vue du consommateur permettrait aux entreprises de comprendre où se situe la valeur que celui-ci perçoit de l’expérience qu’il a qualifié d’ordinaire. Ainsi, cela permettrait aux entreprises de mettre en place des dispositifs ciblés pour améliorer l’ordinaire de leurs clients à travers la mise en œuvre d’un marketing du quotidien. Grâce à la mise en œuvre d’une méthodologie qualitative (entretiens compréhensifs et photo-élicitation), cette thèse s’interroge sur la compréhension du vécu des consommateurs dans des expériences qu’ils qualifient aux-même d’ordinaires. C’est à travers l’articulation des travaux scientifiques et de l’apport original de la littérature que cette recherche fournit une analyse de cet univers ordinaire à travers la consommation. S’interroger sur ce qui est constitutif de ce type d’expérience permet de proposer une grille de lecture de celle-ci en donnant des clés de compréhension du sens que les consommateurs lui donne. / Experiential marketing is built around a promise: to be able to create and offer its customers extraordinary experiences. This theoretical framework, which is over thirty years old, is part of a traditional vision of marketing; the company must create value for its customers and in the experiential paradigm, this creation involves the setting up of an experiential context aiming at re-enchanting the consumption.This observation has raised several questions for the author: on the one hand can the company create experiments? and on the other hand what do we mean by "re-enchantment"? These are the questions that nourished the initial reflection of this thesis. This reflection led to the formulation of a problem and research questions around the ordinary experience lived by the consumer.In marketing several authors have identified the main aspects that emerge from the ordinary experiences of consumers. Nevertheless, this research does not capture what they represent from the point of view of the consumer. However, from a managerial perspective, identifying the "ordinary" from the consumer's point of view will enable companies to understand where the value they perceive from the experience they have described as ordinary is. Thus, this would allow companies to set up measures devices to improve the ordinary of their customers through the implementation of a daily marketing. Thanks to a qualitative methodology (interviews and photo-analysis), this research examines the understanding of consumers' experiences through experiences they describe as ordinary. With the help of scientific works and the original contribution of literature that this thesis provides an analysis of this ordinary universe through consumption. Searching what constitutes this type of experience makes it possible to interpretative framework which will help understand the meaning that consumers attach to it.

Depuis quelques années, les acteurs du secteur de la chimie se sont donnés pour mission prioritaire de concevoir des produits et des procédés chimiques plus respectueux de l’environnement afin de répondre aux préoccupations environnementales. Ainsi, les douze principes du concept de la chimie verte sont nés. L’un de ces principes est de substituer, lors des synthèses, les solvants organiques, généralement toxiques, par des solvants plus éco-compatibles comme l’eau et d’un point de vue plus général, la catalyse joue un rôle majeur dans cette politique de chimie verte puisqu’elle permet de réduire la consommation d’énergie, de diminuer la quantité des réactifs utilisés ainsi que les procédés de séparation par augmentation de la sélectivité. Cependant, la faible solubilité dans l’eau des substrats organiques ne permet pas l’obtention de bons rendements. Afin de pallier ce problème, la catalyse par transfert de phase inverse peut être utilisée. La synthèse de nouveaux catalyseurs organométalliques solubles dans l’eau a donc été envisagée. Ces catalyseurs seront dérivés de cyclodextrine et pourront également assurer le transport du substrat en phase aqueuse par reconnaissance supramoléculaire. / For a few years, the priority task for actors of the chemical field has been the design of greener products and greener chemical processes to meet the environmental concerns. Thus, the twelve principles of the green chemistry were set. One of them is to substitute toxic organic solvents for more eco-compatible solvents, such as water, during chemical synthesis. More generally speaking, catalysis plays a significant role in this green chemistry policy as it enables to enhance energy saving, to reduce the quantity of the used compounds and to reduce as well the separation processes by increasing the selectivity. However, the low solubility of organic substrates in water prevents from having profitable yields. To tackle the issue, the catalysis by inverse phase transfer can be used. Therefore, the synthesis of new water soluble organometallic catalysts was considered. These catalysts will be derivates of cyclodextrin and will allow carrying the substrate in aqueous phase by supramolecular recognition.

La thèse décrit les mesures de températures ioniques (Ti) dans la Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL) – un paramètre important cependant rarement mesuré – à l'aide d'une sonde Analyseur à Retard de Champ (RFA) installée sur le Tokamak Tore Supra. La thèse s'organise en 4 chapitres. Dans le premier sont brièvement rappelés les enjeux de la fusion nucléaire, la géométrie des limiteurs et la physique la SOL, le principe des sondes de Langmuir, etc. Sont aussi adressés les différents diagnostics dédiés aux mesures de Ti dans la SOL, utilisés dans le passé. Le second chapitre est consacré au RFA. Le principe de l'analyseur, les détails techniques et opérationnels sur Tore Supra ainsi que les effets instrumentaux sur les mesures y sont abordés. Il est conclut que l'influence instrumentale sur les mesures RFA de Ti sont relativement faibles. Dans le troisième chapitre, les mesures systématiques de Ti (ainsi que d'autres paramètres) dans la SOL de Tore Supra sont présentées. Il est montré que le rapport Ti / Te > 1 (Te étant la température électronique) dans la SOL, mais aussi dans le plasma confiné ; et que ce rapport augmente avec le rayon plasma. Un autre résultat important est que Ti dans la SOL change significativement, suivant étroitement les paramètres centraux, alors que Te dans la SOL n'évolue presque pas. Dans le dernier chapitre est présenté le statut actuel de trois projets en cours visant à valider indépendamment la mesure de Ti dans la SOL de Tore Supra : le développement d'une tête de sonde à tunnel segmenté permettant une mesure des fluctuations de Ti dans la SOL ; la mesure de Ti au bord des plasmas du Tokamak Joint European Torus (JET) ; et la comparaison des mesures de RFA avec les mesures de spectroscopie d'échange de charge et recombinaison (CXRS) sur Tore Supra. / The thesis describes measurements of the scrape-off layer (SOL) ion temperature Ti – an important but yet rarely measured parameter – with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) probe in the limiter tokamak Tore Supra. The thesis is organized in four chapters. In the first chapter, some well known facts about nuclear fusion, limiter SOL, Langmuir probes, etc. are briefly recalled. Various diagnostics for SOL Ti measurements developed in the past are addressed as well. The second chapter is dedicated to the RFA. The principle of the RFA, technical details and operation of the Tore Supra RFA, and the influence of instrumental effects on RFA measurements are addressed. It is concluded that the influence of instrumental effects on RFA Ti measurements is relatively small. In the third chapter, the systematic measurements of Ti (as well as other parameters) in the Tore Supra SOL are presented. It is shown that Ti / Te >1 (with Te being the electron temperature) in the SOL but also in the confined plasma, and increases with radius. Also important result is that while SOL Ti changes significantly, following the core properties rather closely, SOL Te hardly changes at all. In the final chapter the present status of three ongoing projects aimed at the independent validation of SOL Ti measurements in Tore Supra is presented: the development of the segmented tunnel probe for fast SOL Ti measurements, the measurement of edge ion temperature in Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak, and the comparison of RFA with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy in Tore Supra.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2010 / Inclui bibliografias / Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm in children but with huge consequences to patients, and the current cytotoxic hemotherapeutic regimens have produced frustrating results. It is necessary to make an effort to identify possible targets to i

Submitted by Fernanda Lopes Magre (fe.magre@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-11-14T12:35:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FERNANDA LOPES MAGRE.pdf: 2206914 bytes, checksum: 44c4deb4d10f6e4feb723b04f600bbf8 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br), reason: Prezada Fernanda, O documento enviado para a coleção Campus Unesp Rio Claro foi recusado pelo(s) seguinte(s) motivo(s): - Página de rosto incompleta: falta o nome do orientador e cidade de defesa - informação obrigatória - Falta a folha de aprovação, que deve ser solicitada à Seção de Pós-Graduação e deve ser inserida após a ficha catalográfica. - Agradecimentos: A Portaria nº 206, de 04/09/2018 Dispõe sobre obrigatoriedade de citação da CAPES nos agradecimentos da seguinte forma: "Art. 3º Deverão ser usadas as seguintes expressões, no idioma do trabalho: "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001" Agradecemos a compreensão e aguardamos o envio do novo arquivo. Atenciosamente, Biblioteca Campus Rio Claro Repositório Institucional UNESP https://repositorio.unesp.br on 2018-11-14T16:23:25Z (GMT) / Submitted by Fernanda Lopes Magre (fe.magre@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-11-14T17:15:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REPOSITÓRIO FERNANDA LOPES MAGRE.pdf: 1903981 bytes, checksum: 84551fa2723407938a7c991dffabf379 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-11-14T17:28:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 magre_fl_me_rcla.pdf: 1903981 bytes, checksum: 84551fa2723407938a7c991dffabf379 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T17:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 magre_fl_me_rcla.pdf: 1903981 bytes, checksum: 84551fa2723407938a7c991dffabf379 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os sistemas sensoriais e motor trabalham de forma integrada para restabelecer o equilíbrio corporal durante a realização de outras tarefas (e.g., carregar uma bandeja com copos, trocar uma lâmpada enquanto equilibramos numa escada, etc.), as quais identificamos como “supra-posturais”. Ainda, indivíduos usam a percepção háptica para incorporar ferramentas na realização dessas tarefas que podem, concomitantemente, auxiliar no controle da postura. Uma ferramenta identificada como útil ao controle postural é o sistema âncora que consiste numa tarefa de manipular sutilmente cabos flexíveis anexos a cargas de reduzida massa que ficam em contato com o solo. Segurando a ponta desses cabos com as mãos, os indivíduos, via exploração ativa do sistema háptico, ajustam seu corpo no espaço mais eficientemente do que sem esta ferramenta. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar em tarefa de ancoragem háptica como componentes de tarefa supra-postural (i.e., deslocar o sistema âncora ritmicamente para cima e para baixo; com e sem contato com o solo e com e sem presença de cargas anexas ao sistema âncora) afetam os níveis de oscilação corporal em tarefas de equilíbrio. Participaram do estudo 15 adultos jovens que realizaram duas sessões de coleta em dias distintos (sessão de ancoragem com cargas e sessão de ancoragem sem cargas). Os participantes ficaram em pé sobre uma plataforma de força com os pés na posição tandem, vendados, durante 30 segundos, e, ao som de um metrônomo (55 BPM), levantaram e abaixaram ritmicamente o sistema âncora (i.e., com cargas anexas) ou cabos de nylon livres (i.e., sem cargas anexas) de acordo com as seguintes condições: ancoragem estática, ancoragem dinâmica em fase, ancoragem dinâmica fora de fase e ancoragem mista. As mesmas condições foram realizadas nas duas sessões de ancoragem. Para cada condição foram realizadas 2 tentativas. As variáveis do centro de pressão (COP) incluíram o comprimento total do COP (CT-COP), RMS do deslocamento médio-lateral (RMS-ml), velocidade média de oscilação médio-lateral (Velocidade-ml) e frequência com 80% da potência espectral na direção médio-lateral (F80-ml). Os resultados revelaram que um sistema de ancoragem sem cargas não promove efeitos estabilizadores na postura, o que não o caracteriza como uma tarefa predominantemente supra-postural. Ainda, manter as cargas em suspensão durante uma tarefa de ancoragem não promove efeitos estabilizadores na postura tal como ocorre ao manter as cargas em contato com o solo. Por fim, ancorar-se com cargas estáticas no solo promove efeitos estabilizadores para a postura melhores do que ancorar-se com cargas de forma dinâmica. Esses resultados demonstram a influência da informação sensorial para controlar a postura em um sistema de ancoragem háptica, que depende de uma referência fixa para orientação postural (i.e., cargas das âncoras em contato com uma superfície). / The sensory and motor systems work in an integrated way to reestablish balance while performing other motor tasks (e.g., carry a tray with cups, changing a light bulb while balancing on a ladder, etc.), which we identify as “supra-postural.” Moreover, individuals use haptic perception to control tools while performing these tasks that can, at the same time, aid the postural control system. A tool identified as useful to the postural function is the anchor system, which consists in subtle manipulation of flexible cables attached to low mass loads that are kept in contact with the ground. Holding these cables with their hands, individuals, via active exploration, adjust their bodies in space more efficiently than without this tool. The purpose of this study is to analyze in haptic anchorage tasks how does supra-postural components (e.g., intentionally move rhythmically the anchor system up and down; with or without anchor masses touching the ground, and with or without the end loads attached to the anchor system) affect body sway during balancing tasks. Fifteen young adults participated in this study in two sessions of data collection separated in two different days (anchors with loads and free-load anchors). The participants stood on a force platform with their feet in tandem position, blindfolded, for 30 seconds. To the sound of a metronome (55 BPM), they moved anchor system or the nylon strings (e.g., without the attached loads) up and down according to the following conditions: quiet anchoring, in-phase and out-of-phase dynamic anchoring, and mixed anchoring (e.g., one hand quiet anchoring while the other keep a dynamic anchoring). The variables of the center of pressure (COP) included the COP’s path length (PL-COP), ellipse area, RMS of medial-lateral displacement (RMS-ml), mean speed of medial-lateral oscillation (MSS-ml) and the frequency at 80% of the power spectrum (F80-ml). Our results revealed that an unloaded anchorage system does not provide stabilizing effects for the posture system and is not characterized as a supra-postural task, contrary to the anchor system with loads. Also, keeping the loads in suspension during an anchoring task does not stabilize posture as much as when keeping the loads in contact with the ground. Finally, anchoring with steady loads on the ground promotes stabilizing effects of the posture compared to dynamic anchoring with loads moving rhythmically. These results illustrate that sensory information to control posture during haptic anchoring tasks rely on a fixed reference for postural orientation (i.e., anchor loads in contact with a surface).

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós Graduação, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2014-12-09T19:50:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AvaliaçãoVivoEfeito.pdf: 1898867 bytes, checksum: f85eee9ac16ab6cce5a6d1e2f8473061 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gracilene Carvalho (gracilene@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2014-12-09T20:20:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AvaliaçãoVivoEfeito.pdf: 1898867 bytes, checksum: f85eee9ac16ab6cce5a6d1e2f8473061 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-09T20:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AvaliaçãoVivoEfeito.pdf: 1898867 bytes, checksum: f85eee9ac16ab6cce5a6d1e2f8473061 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de aldosterona após infarto do miocárdio (IM) está relacionado com a piora do prognóstico da doença e contribui para patogênese da insuficiência cardíaca. O tratamento do IM com antagonistas de receptores mineralocorticoides (MR) da aldosterona, espironolactona e eplerenona, têm reduzido a remodelação do ventrículo esquerdo e a morte súbida. Entretanto, existem evidências clínicas e experimentais de que a cardioproteção promovida por esses antagonista pode ser em parte independente do bloqueio da ação da aldosterona. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar comparativamente os efeitos cardioprotetores da espironolactona e eplerenona em um modelo agudo de isquemia cardíaca em ratos. Ratos machos wistar, submetidos a adrenalectomia lateral ou não foram tratados, via oral, com Espironolactona 20mg/kg ou Eplerenona 10mg/kg, na presença e na ausência de um antagonista de receptor GR (Mifepristona 20mg/kg) e submetidos a isquemia cardíaca. O sinal de ECG em ratos anestesiados foi obtido antes e após a ligadura coronária esquerda, durante 1 hora. A área sob a curva do segmento ST do ECG, um parâmetro que indica isquemia do miocárdio, foi significativamente menor para a espironolactona (53.9.3 ± 13,07) e eplerenona (31,3 ± 10,08) de animais tratados em comparação com os animais de controle (179,4 ± 32,3). Mifepristona (76,6 ± 14,54) não foi capaz de alterar os efeitos de espironolactona. Estes resultados sugerem que doses baixas de espironolactona e eplerenona são cardioprotetoras mesmo quando os níveis de aldosterona não estão aumentados e que este efeito não é dependente da ativação dos receptores GR. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: The increasing plasma levels of aldosterona after myocardial infarction (MI) is related to its prognostic aggravation and contributes to the cardiac failure pathogenesis. The MI treatment with the mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) antagonists, spironolactone and eplerenone, can reduce the left ventricular remodeling and sudden death occurrence. However, clinical and experimental evidences demonstrated that this cardioprotection could be in part independent of the aldosterone inhibition. The mechanisms activated by these two drugs in the heart remain unknown. Spironolactone also presents glucocorticoid receptors (GR) affinity, which also shows cardioprotective properties. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of spironolactone and eplerenone in a model of acute cardiac ischemia in rats. Male Wistar rats were first subjected to adrenalectomy and received by oral route 20mg/kg of spironolactone or 10mg/kg eplerenone in the presence and in the absence of mifepristone (20mg/kg), a GR receptor antagonist. The ECG signal was obtained in anaesthetized rats before and after the left coronary ligature, during 1 hour. The area under the curve of the ST segment of ECG, a parameter that indicates myocardial ischemia, was significantly smaller for the spironolactone (53.9.3±13.07) and eplerenone (31.3±10.08) treated animals compared to the control animals (179.4 ± 32.3). Mifepristone (76.6±14.54) was not able to alter the effects of spironolactone. These results suggest that low doses of spironolactone and eplerenone are cardioprotective even when plasma levels of aldosterone are not augmented and that this effect is not dependent of GR receptors activation.

No description available.

No description available.

La résolution d'un certain nombre de problèmes physiques est nécessaire au développement de réacteurs électrogènes utilisant la fusion thermonucléaire contrôlée. Le travail présenté ici traite du contrôle du rayonnement dans le cadre général de la tenue des matériaux aux flux de chaleur, ainsi que de l'opération d'un tokamak à forte densité. Ces deux points concernent plus particulièrement le futur réacteur de démonstration, appelé DEMO, pas intermédiaire entre ITER et un réacteur commercial. L'opération de DEMO sera contrainte par la nécessité de rayonner dans un large volume afin de limiter le dépôt de puissance localisé sur les plaques du divertor. Une grande fraction de rayonnement (80 à 90% de la puissance extraite) devra être obtenue tout en conservant un excellent confinement et une pollution réduite au cúur du plasma. Les études actuelles montrent que cette fraction de rayonnement est atteignable tout en limitant la contamination du plasma, mais l'amélioration des modèles de rayonnement est indispensable, tout comme les études concernant la compatibilité entre un bord fortement rayonnant et l'existence d'une barrière de transport permettant l'accès à un régime de confinement amélioré, le mode H. En parallèle, une forte densité (fraction de Greenwald supérieure à l'unité) est aussi indispensable pour atteindre la fraction de rayonnement désirée. De plus, la puissance fusion, et donc le bilan économique d'un réacteur est directement liée à la densité dans la zone de réaction, au centre du plasma. / The route presently envisaged towards the development of a commercial fusion power plant includes that a few remaining physics issues are solved. The present work addresses two of them: plasma radiation control, as a part of the more general power handling issue, and high density tokamak operation. These two issues will be most critical in the demonstration reactor, called DEMO, intermediate step between ITER and a future commercial reactor. For DEMO, the need to radiate a large fraction of the power so as to limit the peak power load on the divertor will be a key constraint. High confinement will have to be combined with high radiated power fraction, and the required level of plasma purity. A fractional radiated power, including bremsstrahlung radiation, of 80-90% of the total power loss will be required. Present studies suggest that this level of radiation could be achieved with acceptable levels of plasma contamination, but improvements are required in models of plasma radiation, and compatibility with the edge transport barrier of the H-mode has to be further assessed. Correlatively, high plasma density (typically with a Greenwald fraction above unity) is required, both because it allows efficient radiation of exhaust power to the reactor walls, and because the final cost of electricity is directly influenced by the achieved Greenwald value.