This research examines energy poverty in the Daniel McIntyre and St. Matthews (DMSM) neighbourhoods in the city of Winnipeg. Energy poverty, defined as households spending more than 6% of their income on energy expenditures, affects as many as 50% of households in DMSM. Energy poverty can be alleviated through energy retrofits for dwellings such as weather stripping; increasing insulation in exterior walls, the attic and basement; and installing a high-efficiency furnace. The recommendations include: establishing consistent housing and energy efficiency policies; increasing the flexibility of utility on-bill financing; levying the necessary capital for energy retrofits through municipal financing mechanisms; increasing the knowledge and capacity of local residents; increasing the knowledge and capacity of local contractors for sustainable design and construction; creating a provincial strategy to increase the energy efficiency of social housing; developing low-income energy efficiency programs for rental properties; and increasing access to renewable energy sources.

There is an estimated 16 million housing units shortfall in Nigeria and the government cannot meet the housing needs of Nigerians because of budgetary constraints and other competing needs. It is important to note that the leaders have failed on numerous occasions to tackle the key challenges associated with a lack of infrastructure development. The emphasis has been placed on the individual homeowners fulfilling all their own requirements. The aim of this research is to develop a framework that will aid sustainable housing delivery in Lagos one of the most challenged areas of Nigeria. A clearer picture of the housing environment in Lagos was documented based on critical literature reviews, analysis of the reasons why there is a deficiency in housing and its infrastructure delivery. The aim of the researcher was following the identification of the challenges to draw up a framework that would assist the relevant stakeholders namely the householders, developers and government in overcoming these and delivering further sustainable housing. The research was completed using a mixed method including qualitative and quantitative means of acquiring necessary information in the form of a detailed literature review followed by a questionnaire survey of 500 household respondents. A total of 496 sets of data were collected through the questionnaire survey and analysed using SPSS, Excel and selected statistical methods. Validation of the framework was done using focus group discussions with stakeholders. Interviews with key housing and government personnel were also held including an analysis of 5 case studies. The key findings are that 1) the market economy approach along with flexible, efficient economic instruments are key factors in enabling the construction industry to positively respond to sustainable development in terms of resource efficiencies and environmental protection in a developing economy like Nigeria. 2) The social and political barriers cannot be overcome without a meeting of wills amongst the stakeholders. 3) There needs to be transparency and the desire to achieve the objective so the monitors will be effective to counteract dissatisfied individuals that will come out of the bureaucratic woodwork. 4) There needs to be an urban redesign driven by stakeholders keen to see government policy align with sustainable housing objectives. Key recommendations from this research are that: 1) The government should partner with the private sector to provide enough homes for Nigerians. 2) The government should henceforth concentrate in outlining good policy framework for the sector providing much needed infrastructural and financial support that will encourage sustainability and systematic development of housing in the country. The framework developed in this research is envisaged to be contributory in road mapping the way and identifying key attributes and strategy for delivering sustainable housing in Lagos, Nigeria.

The aim with this study is to evaluate if standardization of sustainable housing is a practical solution to address the objectives/reach the goals of sustainable housing. The point of departure is that eco-labelling of houses is a way to put sustainable housing into practice. The Nordic Swan criteria for small houses and the UK Code for Sustainable Homes are two recently developed schemes for sustainable construction and design. These two labelling systems are chosen as case studies in order to compare and examine the practice of sustainable housing. How can the goals of sustainable housing be met in the form of eco- labelling? What are the benefits and obstacles/limitations for the cases to be effective and sustainable?  What can explain differences between the two cases? And is the function and organisation of the cases best explained by sustainable development ideas or ecological modernization?  It is suggested in the view of path dependency theory that the UK’s and Sweden’s decisions based on their expectations concerning development of the EU flower has made their respective eco-labelling of houses to have different organisational structure. The Code as a sector-specific label has the advantage, compared to the Swan, of being able to change its structure depending on the needs of pressure in the network of government, business and consumers.  The Code has several criteria concerning sustainable living besides criteria concerning environmental construction of the house and can therefore be considered as part of the sustainable development discourse.

No description available.

Un gran porcentaje de las viviendas construidas en Latino América son producto de la autoconstrucción, es decir, no cuentan con estudios preliminares, licencias de construcción, supervisión profesional, son construidas con materiales inadecuados, presentan deficiencia estructural y están ubicadas en zonas no aptas para la construcción. Esto genera peligro a la población, a pesar de que se realice mediante procesos constructivos convencionales sugeridos y asistidos por los maestros de obra. En los primeros meses de 2017, se registraron intensas lluvias debido al Fenómeno del Niño Costero, y se generaron importantes daños en viviendas y carreteras en la Costa de Latino América. Las obras de reconstrucción no se han realizado y existe una gran cantidad de familias damnificadas que esperan acceder a una vivienda segura. En la presente investigación se desarrolló la propuesta de un diseño general de vivienda modular sostenible basado en la Construcción Vernácula a través del uso de materiales eficientes como la caña, la madera, la fibra paja y el barro. / A large percentage of homes built in Latin America are the result of the self-construction, which in most cases means, they do not have preliminary studies, building permits, professional supervision, are built with inadequate materials have structural deficiency and are located in unsuitable areas for construction; despite the fact that it is carried out through conventional constructive processes suggested and assisted by the construction masters it still generates danger to the population. In the first months of 2017, intense rains were recorded due to the El Niño Coastal Phenomenon, and significant damage was caused to homes and roads in the Latin American Coast. The reconstruction works has not been carried out and there are many families affected who hope to access safe housing. In the present investigation the proposal of a general design of sustainable modular housing based on Vernacular Construction was developed with efficient materials such as cane, wood, straw fiber and mud. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación es parte de un proyecto de construcción de una vivienda rural modular con instalaciones sostenibles basadas en la realidad de la Provincia de Huancabamba, distrito de Sondorillo, Piura. El aporte del presente trabajo está sustentado en el tratamiento de data confiable y existente del lugar en estudio para determinar la oferta de los recursos renovables de mayor predominancia, como es el recurso solar, eólico y agua de lluvia; con la finalidad de realizar el diseño de las instalaciones eléctricas y sanitarias de la vivienda modular propuesta teniendo en cuenta la realidad de sus necesidades que ellos demandan. La presente tesis se realizó en base a la metodología de análisis con información de diferentes fuentes e investigaciones a fines. Con ello, se realiza el tratamiento y análisis de la data existente tomando como base data proporcionada en la página oficial de la NASA, SENAMHI y la ANA. Se determinó la estimación de la energía solar global mediante el método de Bristow – Campbell, resultando un valor rentable de 4.98 kW/m2. El valor promedio de velocidad de viento del lugar se realizó mediante la distribución de Weilbull, resultando un valor de 6.32 m/s a una altura de 6 m. Asimismo, se desarrolla la propuesta de captación de agua de lluvia para ser derivada solo al inodoro de la vivienda, donde las aguas domésticas serán tratadas por medio de un biodigestor de 600 L de capacidad, obteniendo con ello una mejor calidad del servicio higiénico para el poblador en la zona rural. Los resultados fueron aprovechados para realizar el diseño de las instalaciones eléctricas y sanitarias, donde se determinó que mediante la demanda eléctrica de la vivienda es necesario contar con solo 1 panel solar de 150 Wp para abastecer a todos los aparatos eléctricos. Asimismo, se evidencia que el aerogenerador puede abastecer hasta 11 viviendas con la demanda eléctrica calculada. Por lo que se concluye, que a pesar que el lugar en estudio cuenta con una notoria carencia de los servicios de luz, agua y desagüe, queda sustentado que son afortunados por contar con recursos renovables altamente viables para su aprovechamiento e inversión. / The present research is part of a construction project of a modular rural housing with sustainable installations based on the reality of the Province of Huancabamba, district of Sondorillo, Piura. The contribution of this work is based on the treatment of reliable and existing data from the place under study to determine the supply of renewable resources of greater predominance, such as solar, wind and rainwater resources; with the purpose of carrying out the design of the electrical and sanitary installations of the modular housing proposed taking into account the reality of their needs that they demand. The present thesis was carried out based on the analysis methodology with information from different sources such as research at ends. With this, the treatment and analysis of the existing data is done taking as a base data provided in the official page of NASA, SENAMHI and the ANA. The estimation of global solar energy was determined by the Bristow - Campbell method, resulting in a profitable value of 4.98 kW/m2. The average value of wind speed of the place was made by the distribution of Weilbull, resulting in a value of 6.32 m/s at a height of 6 m. Also, the rainwater collection proposal is developed to be derived only to the toilet of the house where it will be treated by means of a biodigester of 600 L of capacity, obtaining with it a better quality of the hygienic service for the resident in the rural area. The results were used to design the electrical and sanitary installations, where it was determined that by means of the electrical demand of the house it is necessary to have only one solar panel of 150 Wp to supply all the electrical appliances. Likewise, it is evident that the wind turbine can supply up to 11 homes with the calculated electrical demand. So it is concluded that despite the fact that the place under study has a notorious lack of electricity, water and sewage services, it is supported that they are fortunate to have highly viable renewable resources for their use and investment. / Tesis

I strävan efter att människor ska kunna bo hållbart krävs ett vidare perspektiv än de teknologiska lösningar som presenteras i enlighet med en ekologisk modernisering. Oexploaterade ytor att ta i anspråk på planeten minskar ständigt och ger därför motiv för studien att ta reda på vilka preferenser som finns för den egna bostaden, hur stor boyta de boende faktiskt önskar och hur de kopplar ihop sin boyta med dess miljöpåverkan. Resultatet visar att de tillfrågade värderar bostadens läge i förhållande till deras jobb, service och social kontext samt sociala ytor och boendet som en privat sfär. En lagom och samtidigt idealisk boyta uppgår till cirka 40-50 kvadratmeter per vuxen person. Samtliga kopplar sin boyta till någon form av miljöpåverkan, men energiaspekter i användningsfasen är det som genomsyrar det sammantagna svaret. Vidare perspektiv som markbrist och materialåtgång beskrivs mer begränsat. Förhoppningen med studien är att ge underlag för ett mer utbrett arbete för att bemöta de boendes behov och ta boytan i beaktande vid framtida planering av bostäder. / In the pursuit of sustainable housing, a wider perspective than the technological solutions presented in accordance with an ecological modernization is required. Unexploited areas to use on the planet decreases constantly and therefore gives motives for the study to find out what preferences exist for one's own accomodation, how much living space the residents actually want and how they connect their living space with its environmental impact. The results show that the individuals value the location in relation to jobs, service and social context together with social areas and housing as a private sphere. An adequate and at the same time an ideal living area is considered to approximately 40-50 square meters per adult. All of them link their living space to some kind of environmental impact, but energy aspects in the use phase are what permeate the overall answer. Further perspectives such as land scarcity and material use are described more limited. The study hopes to provide a basis for more widespread work to meet the needs of the residents and to take the living space into consideration when planning future housing.

Självförsörjande småhus gör att beroendet av de kommunala näten försvinner ochflexibiliteten ökar. Det finns fortfarande stor potential till utveckling av tekniska lösningaräven om mycket teknik redan finns på marknaden för exempelvis elproduktion,säsongslagring, uppvärmning, vatten och avlopps samt ventilation. Helt förnybaraenergikällor behöver prioriteras och en övergång till dessa kräver en förändring ibeteendemönster och mer energieffektivt byggande för att minska energianvändningen.Vid utformning av självförsörjande hus kan med fördel solen användas vilket kan påverkaorientering och taklutning. Ytterligare aspekter som kan tas hänsyn till är valet avbyggnadsmaterial, teknikutrymme, klimatskalets uppbyggnad och dispositionen avplanlösningen. / Self-sufficient small housing makes the dependence of the municipal sustentation to minimizeand the flexibility increases. There is still a high potential for developing technical solutionseven though a lot of the technology already exists on the market regarding for examplesolutions for energy production, seasonal storage, heating, water supply, draining system andventilation. Renewable energy sources need to priorities and a transition to 100 % renewableenergy require a change in pattern of behavior and more energy efficient buildings to lowerthe consumption. When designing self-sufficient houses, the sun is a good source for both energy and heatingwhich can have an impact on the orientation of the building and the slope of the roof. Otheraspects to consider can be the choice of building material, technical space, the climate shelland the disposition of the plan.

This degree project is about sustainable low-cost housing in Ethiopia with a focus on CSSB-technology, which is one method of constructing houses. The project allowed me to visit Ethiopia during seven weeks in 2010, to observe, gather information and to perform tests regarding the specific subject. It is a sub-project to a larger research project initiated in 2002 at Halmstad University in an attempt to introduce low-cost housing technologies for the Kambaata Region in Ethiopia. The aim of the research project has been to develop and test new, sustainable, low-cost building technologies intended for the population, with regard to local traditions, needs and affordability. / Sustainable Low-Cost Housing for the Kambaata region in Ethiopia

En la actualidad, las ciudades afrontan diversos desafíos, entre ellos, la falta de planeamiento y la escasez de suelo. En una ciudad extensa y fragmentada como Lima, esto tiene efectos negativos en la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Un desarrollo adecuado de la vivienda, debe ser el reflejo de las dinámicas existentes en el lugar a intervenir. Se debe tomar en cuenta los factores sociales, culturales y económicos de los usuarios, así como la facilidad de acceso a los servicios básicos y una adecuada conectividad e integración con la ciudad. El distrito de San Miguel cuenta con una ubicación privilegiada debido a su cercanía y relación con el mar. Debido a esta característica, San Miguel atraviesa un proceso de desarrollo, sobre todo, en las zonas cercanas al litoral. Un conjunto de usos mixtos en este contexto constituye una forma de obtener una mayor rentabilidad y a su vez establecer una mejor relación entre el edificio y el tejido urbano. Por lo tanto, se propone un edificio con un programa mixto de vivienda, comercio y oficinas; aprovechando las características del entorno para fomentar el desarrollo del lugar, mejorando la relación de la arquitectura con la ciudad y la calidad de vida de las personas. / Cities today face several challenges, including a lack of planning and land scarcity. In an extensive and fragmented city like Lima, this has negative effects on the quality of life of its inhabitants. Adequate housing development must reflect the existing dynamics of the area to be developed. The social, cultural, and economic factors of the users must be taken into account, as well as the ease of access to basic services and adequate connectivity and integration with the city. The district of San Miguel has a privileged location due to its proximity to and relationship with the sea. Due to this characteristic, San Miguel is undergoing a development process, especially in the areas near the coast. A mixed-use complex in this context constitutes a way to obtain greater profitability and at the same time establish a better relationship between the building and the urban fabric. Therefore, a building with a mixed program of housing, retail and offices is proposed; taking advantage of the characteristics of the surroundings to promote the development of the site, improving the relationship of architecture with the city and the quality of life of the people. / Tesis