This dissertation is concerned with tax rates for the use of commodities in general, and energy in particular. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are used to analyze the normative question of whether the tax rate for intermediate use by firms should be the same as the tax rate for final consumption by households. To answer this question, a distinction needs to be made between fiscal taxes for the purpose of raising revenue for the government, and Pigovian taxes for the purpose of changing behaviour. Concerning fiscal taxes, firms should not pay taxes on their use of inputs if the tax rates in final consumption are at their optimal level. If the tax rate for households is above the optimal level, intermediate use in firms should be taxed in order to increase the price of other commodities and reduce the distortion of relative prices. Essay 1 ascertains what factors determine the optimal relation between the tax rate for final consumption by households and intermediate use by firms. Essay 2 analyses Swedish energy taxes from the perspective of reducing global emission of CO2. It is found that the welfare maximizing tax rates are equal for households and firms not participating in emission trading, while firms that participate in emission trading should have a zero tax rate. Essays 3 and 4 deal with methodological issues. Essay 3 derives a new method for estimation of symmetric input-output tables from supply and use tables. This method solves the problem of negative coefficients, makes it possible to use both the industry and commodity technology assumptions simultaneously and enables the commodity technology assumption to be used even when the number of commodities is larger than the number of industries. Essay 4 describes the model used in the first two essays. The price structure developed here makes it possible to take into account price differences between different purchasers other than differences in tax rates. This essay also makes a comparison between the Swedish implementation of this model and other Swedish CGE-models used to analyse climate policy and energy taxation.

<p>This Ph.D. thesis addresses topics related to overlay networks, their de_nition,<br />formalization and applications. Descriptions of the Chord and Synapse protocols using<br />the ASM formalism is presented, and both a high-level and a re_ned proof of the<br />correctness of the Chord formalization is given. A probabilistic assessment of the<br />exhaustiveness of the Synapse protocol is performed. An updated version of the<br />Proposal of metadata schemata for movable cultural heritage as well as a Proposal of<br />metadata schemata for describing collections are provided. Based of the Chord protocol, a Distributed catalog of digitized collections of Serbian cultural herigate is implemented.</p> / <p>Doktorska disertacija se bavi temama vezanim za prekrivajuće mreže, njihovom<br />definicijom, formalizacijom i primenama. Dati su opisi Chord i Synapse protokola<br />kori&scaron;ćenjem ASM formalizma, kao i dokaz korektnosti formalizacije Chord protokola<br />na visokom nivou, kao i njegovo profinjenje. Izvr&scaron;ena je verovatnosna ocena uspe&scaron;nosti pretrage pomoću Synapse protokola. Predstavljena je ažurirana verzija Predloga sheme meta podataka za pokretna kulturna dobra, kao i Predlog sheme meta podataka za opis kolekcija. Implementiran je Distribuirani katalog digitalizovanih kolekcija kulturne ba&scaron;tine Srbije zasnovan na Chord protokolu.</p>

Cette thèse porte sur l’évaluation de la cohérence du réseau conceptuel démontré par des étudiants de niveau collégial inscrits en sciences de la nature. L’évaluation de cette cohérence s’est basée sur l’analyse des tableaux de Burt issus des réponses à des questionnaires à choix multiples, sur l’étude détaillée des indices de discrimination spécifique qui seront décrits plus en détail dans le corps de l’ouvrage et sur l’analyse de séquences vidéos d’étudiants effectuant une expérimentation en contexte réel. Au terme de ce projet, quatre grands axes de recherche ont été exploré. 1) Quelle est la cohérence conceptuelle démontrée en physique newtonienne ? 2) Est-ce que la maîtrise du calcul d’incertitude est corrélée au développement de la pensée logique ou à la maîtrise des mathématiques ? 3) Quelle est la cohérence conceptuelle démontrée dans la quantification de l’incertitude expérimentale ? 4) Quelles sont les procédures concrètement mise en place par des étudiants pour quantifier l’incertitude expérimentale dans un contexte de laboratoire semi-dirigé ? Les principales conclusions qui ressortent pour chacun des axes peuvent se formuler ainsi. 1) Les conceptions erronées les plus répandues ne sont pas solidement ancrées dans un réseau conceptuel rigide. Par exemple, un étudiant réussissant une question sur la troisième loi de Newton (sujet le moins bien réussi du Force Concept Inventory) montre une probabilité à peine supérieure de réussir une autre question sur ce même sujet que les autres participants. De nombreux couples de questions révèlent un indice de discrimination spécifique négatif indiquant une faible cohérence conceptuelle en prétest et une cohérence conceptuelle légèrement améliorée en post-test. 2) Si une petite proportion des étudiants ont montré des carences marquées pour les questions reliées au contrôle des variables et à celles traitant de la relation entre la forme graphique de données expérimentales et un modèle mathématique, la majorité des étudiants peuvent être considérés comme maîtrisant adéquatement ces deux sujets. Toutefois, presque tous les étudiants démontrent une absence de maîtrise des principes sous-jacent à la quantification de l’incertitude expérimentale et de la propagation des incertitudes (ci-après appelé métrologie). Aucune corrélation statistiquement significative n’a été observée entre ces trois domaines, laissant entendre qu’il s’agit d’habiletés cognitives largement indépendantes. Le tableau de Burt a pu mettre en lumière une plus grande cohérence conceptuelle entre les questions de contrôle des variables que n’aurait pu le laisser supposer la matrice des coefficients de corrélation de Pearson. En métrologie, des questions équivalentes n’ont pas fait ressortir une cohérence conceptuelle clairement démontrée. 3) L’analyse d’un questionnaire entièrement dédié à la métrologie laisse entrevoir des conceptions erronées issues des apprentissages effectués dans les cours antérieurs (obstacles didactiques), des conceptions erronées basées sur des modèles intuitifs et une absence de compréhension globale des concepts métrologiques bien que certains concepts paraissent en voie d’acquisition. 4) Lorsque les étudiants sont laissés à eux-mêmes, les mêmes difficultés identifiées par l’analyse du questionnaire du point 3) reviennent ce qui corrobore les résultats obtenus. Cependant, nous avons pu observer d’autres comportements reliés à la mesure en laboratoire qui n’auraient pas pu être évalués par le questionnaire à choix multiples. Des entretiens d’explicitations tenus immédiatement après chaque séance ont permis aux participants de détailler certains aspects de leur méthodologie métrologique, notamment, l’emploi de procédures de répétitions de mesures expérimentales, leurs stratégies pour quantifier l’incertitude et les raisons sous-tendant l’estimation numérique des incertitudes de lecture. L’emploi des algorithmes de propagation des incertitudes a été adéquat dans l’ensemble. De nombreuses conceptions erronées en métrologie semblent résister fortement à l’apprentissage. Notons, entre autres, l’assignation de la résolution d’un appareil de mesure à affichage numérique comme valeur de l’incertitude et l’absence de procédures d’empilement pour diminuer l’incertitude. La conception que la précision d’une valeur numérique ne peut être inférieure à la tolérance d’un appareil semble fermement ancrée. / This thesis evaluates the coherence of the conceptual network demonstrated by college students in life and applied sciences. This evaluation was based on the analysis of Burt tables issuing from multiple choice questionnaires, on the creation and careful examination of a novel tool, the matrix of specific discrimination coefficients, which will be described in the main text, and on the qualitative analysis of actual laboratory work of students doing an experimentation. At the completion of this project, four research axis have been explored. 1) What is the conceptual coherence demonstrated in Newtonian mechanics? 2) Is the mastery of uncertainty quantification related to the development of logical thinking or to mathematical competency? 3) What is the conceptual coherence demonstrated in the quantification of experimental uncertainty? 4) What are the concrete procedures utilized by students to quantify experimental uncertainty in a semi-directed laboratory context? The main conclusions that emerged from each axis of research can be summerized as follow. 1) The most prevalent erroneous conceptions are not solidly set in a rigid conceptual network. For example, a student successful in a question about Newton’s third law (the most difficult subject of the Force Concept Inventory) is just slightly more likely to succeed in another related question than the other participants. Many pairs of questions displays a negative specific discrimination coefficient demonstrating a weak conceptual coherence in pre-test and a somewhat ameliorated conceptual coherence in post-test. 2) If a small proportion of students has demonstrated marked deficiencies in questions related with control of variable and in those related to the relationship between the graphical display of experimental data and a mathematical model, the majority of students can be considered as adequately mastering those subjects. However, almost every student demonstrated a lack of mastery of concepts underlying the quantification of experimental uncertainty and the propagation of uncertainty (heretofore referred to as metrology). No statistically significant correlation has been observed between the three main topics suggesting that they are largely independent cognitive abilities. Burt table has demonstrated a greater degree of conceptual coherence between control of variables questions than suggested by Pearson correlation coefficients. Equivalent question in the topic of metrology did not permit to demonstrate a clear conceptual coherence. 3) Analysis of a questionnaire entirely devoted to metrology has shown erroneous conceptions caused by prior learning (didactical obstacles), erroneous conceptions based on intuitive models and a lack of global comprehension of metrological concepts although some appear to be almost acquired. 4) When doing real experiments in semi-directed laboratory, students demonstrated the same difficulty identified in the questionnaire of 3) which could interpreted as corroborating previously obtaine results. However, many unanticipated behaviors related to measurement were observed that could not have been anticipated solely by analyzing answers in the multiple-choice questionnaire. Interviews immediately following each semi-directed laboratory permitted the participants to detail certain aspects of their metrological methodology. Most notably, the use of repeated measurement strategies, their « spontaneous » strategies to quantify uncertainty, and their explanation of numerical estimates of reading uncertainties. Overall, uncertainty propagation algorithms were adequately employed. Many erroneous metrological conceptions seem to resist strongly to be modified by learning. Among others, assignation of the resolution of a digital scale as the uncertainty value and the lack of stacking strategies to diminish uncertainty. The conception that a numerical value cannot be more precise than the tolerance of an instrument seems firmly set.

Dans l'apprentissage machine, la classification est le processus d’assigner une nouvelle observation à une certaine catégorie. Les classifieurs qui mettent en œuvre des algorithmes de classification ont été largement étudié au cours des dernières décennies. Les classifieurs traditionnels sont basés sur des algorithmes tels que le SVM et les réseaux de neurones, et sont généralement exécutés par des logiciels sur CPUs qui fait que le système souffre d’un manque de performance et d’une forte consommation d'énergie. Bien que les GPUs puissent être utilisés pour accélérer le calcul de certains classifieurs, leur grande consommation de puissance empêche la technologie d'être mise en œuvre sur des appareils portables tels que les systèmes embarqués. Pour rendre le système de classification plus léger, les classifieurs devraient être capable de fonctionner sur un système matériel plus compact au lieu d'un groupe de CPUs ou GPUs, et les classifieurs eux-mêmes devraient être optimisés pour ce matériel. Dans ce mémoire, nous explorons la mise en œuvre d'un classifieur novateur sur une plate-forme matérielle à base de FPGA. Le classifieur, conçu par Alain Tapp (Université de Montréal), est basé sur une grande quantité de tables de recherche qui forment des circuits arborescents qui effectuent les tâches de classification. Le FPGA semble être un élément fait sur mesure pour mettre en œuvre ce classifieur avec ses riches ressources de tables de recherche et l'architecture à parallélisme élevé. Notre travail montre que les FPGAs peuvent implémenter plusieurs classifieurs et faire les classification sur des images haute définition à une vitesse très élevée. / In the machine learning area, classification is a process of mapping a new observation to a certain category. Classifiers which implement classification algorithms have been studied widely over the past decades. Traditional classifiers are based on algorithms such as SVM and neural nets, and are usually run by software on CPUs which cause the system to suffer low performance and high power consumption. Although GPUs can be used to accelerate the computation of some classifiers, its high power consumption prevents the technology from being implemented on portable devices such as embedded systems or wearable hardware. To make a lightweight classification system, classifiers should be able to run on a more compact hardware system instead of a group of CPUs/GPUs, and classifiers themselves should be optimized to fit that hardware. In this thesis, we explore the implementation of a novel classifier on a FPGA-based hardware platform. The classifier, devised by Alain Tapp (Université de Montréal), is based on a large amount of look-up tables that form tree-structured circuits to do classification tasks. The FPGA appears to be a tailor-made component to implement this classifier with its rich resources of look-up tables and the highly parallel architecture. Our work shows that a single FPGA can implement multiple classifiers to do classification on high definition images at a very high speed.

Cette thèse a pour ambition de transposer l'analyse du commerce international au niveau sub-national en examinant la structure et les déterminants du commerce entre états brésiliens, et avec les marchés internationaux. Dans un chapitre introductif, on présente les faits stylisés sur la le commerce brésilien en se concentrant essentiellement sur les caractéristiques des états brésiliens. Dans le premier chapitre, notre modèle de gravité, estime séparément les capacités d'exportation des états vers les marchés domestique et international. Les résultats montrent que les états les mieux classés en termes de capacités d'exportation vers le marché international ne se confondent pas avec les plus orientés vers le marché domestique. Dans le second chapitre, on utilise un modèle de gravité pour mettre en évidence les effets de création et de détournement de commerce ainsi qu’un un effet d’ « érosion des préférences ». Nous montrons que le MERCOSUR a permis d’augmenter le commerce des états avec les pays membres, sans effets significatifs sur le commerce inter-états ou avec les pays tiers. Les organisations internationales, suggèrent que le commerce en valeur ajoutée est une meilleure mesure pour analyser l’impact des échanges internationaux sur l’économie quand le contenu en importations des exportations est important. Dans un dernier chapitre, on calcule ainsi les valeurs ajoutées exportées des états brésiliens à partir d’un tableau Input-Output inter-états (2008) pour analyser et mesurer les spécialisations verticales entre les états. On estime également un modèle de gravité de commerce en valeur ajoutée qu’on élargit à un cadre trilatéral: l’état d’origine, l’état ré-exportateur et le pays importateur. / With the ambition of transposing trade analysis to an intra-national level, we work on the determinants and the structure of trade among Brazilian states, as well as their trade with international markets. In an introductory chapter, we present the stylized facts concerning the Brazilian trade while focusing mainly on the states’ characteristics. In chapter 1, we estimate the states’ domestic and foreign market export capacities by a gravity model of trade. Results show that the states with better foreign export capacities are not necessarily the same as those more oriented to the domestic market. Then in the second chapter, we use a gravity model to shed light on MERCOSUR’s creation and diversion effects as well as its “preference erosion” effect on trade among Brazilian states. We show that MERCOSUR increased Brazilian states’ trade with member countries, but had no significant effect on either interstate trade or Brazilian states’ trade with third countries. International organizations suggest the trade in value-added would be a “better” measure to understand the impact of trade on economy when import content in exports is important. Hence in a last chapter, we calculate the value-added exported by Brazilian states from an inter-state Input-Output table (2008) that we use to analyze and measure the vertical specialization between states. We also estimate a gravity model of trade in exported value-added that we extend to a trilateral frame: origin state, re-exporter state and importer country.

Este trabalho consiste em analisar os esforços em tabuleiros de pontes por meio de superfícies de influência. Para isto, o método dos elementos finitos (MEF) é utilizado e os resultados são comparados com os das tabelas de Rüsch. Os elementos finitos de barra, representando longarinas e transversinas, e placa, as lajes do tabuleiro, são implementados no código SIPlacas. Estes elementos finitos são formulados pelas teorias de viga Timoshenko e placa Reissner-Mindlin, respectivamente. Estes apresentam problema de travamento de força cortante (Shear Locking), que é contornado por duas propostas: o artifício matemático da integração reduzida e elementos finitos com campo assumido de deformação de força cortante (CADFC). Verifica-se que os elementos com aproximações quadráticas para os deslocamentos e com CADFC são os que melhor se adequam à proposta de análise da presente pesquisa. Tais elementos apresentam convergência de resultados considerando estruturas com baixa discretização. Os resultados analisados foram o deslocamento, momento fletor e força cortante. Posteriormente realiza-se um estudo de caso de uma ponte em viga. O tabuleiro da ponte é calculado utilizando-se as tabelas de Rüsch e o código SIPlacas. O cálculo dos esforços pelo SIPlacas é realizado de três maneiras. Na primeira consideram-se os painéis de lajes do tabuleiro isolados; na segunda o tabuleiro está sobre apoios não deslocáveis; e na terceira, o tabuleiro apresenta-se com vigas acopladas. Foi concluído que a terceira configuração, cuja representação melhor se aproxima da estrutura real de análise, apresentou os menores esforços internos. / This work aims at the analysis of bridge deck stresses through influence surfaces. The finite element method (FEM) is used and the results are compared with those of Rüsch\'s tables. The bar and plate finite elements represent stringers, cross beams and slabs bridge deck. These finite elements are implemented in the SIPlacas code and the theories of Timoshenko beam and Reissner-Mindlin plate are used to theirs formulation. The Shear Locking problem is solved by two proposals: reduced integration and definition of element with transversal shear strain assumed (TSSA). The elements with quadratic approximations for the displacements and TSSA are the best suited to the proposed analysis of this research. Such elements have convergence of results considering structures with low discretization. Displacement, bending moment and shear force were the results analyzed. Subsequently a case study on a beam bridge was carried out. The bridge deck is calculated using Rüsch\'s tables and SIPlacas code. The calculation of the internal forces by SIPlacas is performed in three ways. The first one considers the slabs isolated panels; the second, the slab deck is on a rigid support; and third, the slab deck is on deformable supports. It was concluded that the third configuration showed the lowest internal forces. This configuration is the optimum representation to the structure analysis.

De acordo com os dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2010), o Brasil anuncia que o país caminha rumo a um perfil demográfico cada vez mais envelhecido, partir de 2039, será registrado o chamado crescimento zero; em 2050, o quadro muda: para cada 100 crianças de 0 a 14 anos, existirão 172,7 idosos. Inúmeros são os desafios enfrentados pelas pessoas idosas, principalmente para as mulheres que hoje representam 56% da população idosa. Um desses desafios é a transformação do corpo, e ao lado da falta de produtos do vestuário com medidas adequadas, que, além de vestir o corpo, apresente um caimento perfeito que atenda à necessidade física de uso. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo propor os procedimentos, empregando dados antropométricos obtidos com o equipamento Body Scanner para elaborar tabelas de medidas, visando estabelecer padrões para serem aplicados na confecção de modelagem destinada a mulheres idosas. As medidas utilizadas neste trabalho fazem parte do Estudo Antropométrico no Brasil e foram cedidas pelo Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial/Centro de Tecnologia da Indústria Química Têxtil (SENAI/CETIQT). Através dos estudos, foi possível classificar os corpos em vários tipos: retângulo com cintura grossa e fina, triângulo com cintura fina e grossa e triângulo invertido com cintura grossa e propor tabelas de medidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a viabilidade de aplicação da metodologia proposta para elaboração das tabelas de medidas / According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2010), Brazil announced that the country moves towards an increasingly aging demographic profile since 2039, will be recorded the named \"zero growth\"; in 2050, the picture changes: for every 100 children 0-14 years there will be 172.7 older. Many are the challenges faced by older people, especially for women who now represent 56% of the elderly population. One such challenge is the transformation of the body, and with a shortage of garment products with appropriate measures, that in addition to dressing the body presents a perfect fit that meets the physical need to use. This research aims to propose procedure, using anthropometric data obtained with the equipment Body Scanner to prepare tables of measures, to establish standards to be applied in making modeling aimed at older women. The measures used in this work are part of Anthropometric Study in Brazil and were provided by the National Industrial Training Service / Center for Chemical Technology of Textile Industry (SENAI/CETIQT). Through the studies, it was possible to classify bodies in various types: rectangle with thick and thin waist, thin triangle with thick waist and inverted triangle with thick waistand propose measures tables. The results indicated the feasibility of applying the proposed methodology for the preparation of measurements tables

Este trabalho consiste em analisar os esforços em tabuleiros de pontes por meio de superfícies de influência. Para isto, o método dos elementos finitos (MEF) é utilizado e os resultados são comparados com os das tabelas de Rüsch. Os elementos finitos de barra, representando longarinas e transversinas, e placa, as lajes do tabuleiro, são implementados no código SIPlacas. Estes elementos finitos são formulados pelas teorias de viga Timoshenko e placa Reissner-Mindlin, respectivamente. Estes apresentam problema de travamento de força cortante (Shear Locking), que é contornado por duas propostas: o artifício matemático da integração reduzida e elementos finitos com campo assumido de deformação de força cortante (CADFC). Verifica-se que os elementos com aproximações quadráticas para os deslocamentos e com CADFC são os que melhor se adequam à proposta de análise da presente pesquisa. Tais elementos apresentam convergência de resultados considerando estruturas com baixa discretização. Os resultados analisados foram o deslocamento, momento fletor e força cortante. Posteriormente realiza-se um estudo de caso de uma ponte em viga. O tabuleiro da ponte é calculado utilizando-se as tabelas de Rüsch e o código SIPlacas. O cálculo dos esforços pelo SIPlacas é realizado de três maneiras. Na primeira consideram-se os painéis de lajes do tabuleiro isolados; na segunda o tabuleiro está sobre apoios não deslocáveis; e na terceira, o tabuleiro apresenta-se com vigas acopladas. Foi concluído que a terceira configuração, cuja representação melhor se aproxima da estrutura real de análise, apresentou os menores esforços internos. / This work aims at the analysis of bridge deck stresses through influence surfaces. The finite element method (FEM) is used and the results are compared with those of Rüsch\'s tables. The bar and plate finite elements represent stringers, cross beams and slabs bridge deck. These finite elements are implemented in the SIPlacas code and the theories of Timoshenko beam and Reissner-Mindlin plate are used to theirs formulation. The Shear Locking problem is solved by two proposals: reduced integration and definition of element with transversal shear strain assumed (TSSA). The elements with quadratic approximations for the displacements and TSSA are the best suited to the proposed analysis of this research. Such elements have convergence of results considering structures with low discretization. Displacement, bending moment and shear force were the results analyzed. Subsequently a case study on a beam bridge was carried out. The bridge deck is calculated using Rüsch\'s tables and SIPlacas code. The calculation of the internal forces by SIPlacas is performed in three ways. The first one considers the slabs isolated panels; the second, the slab deck is on a rigid support; and third, the slab deck is on deformable supports. It was concluded that the third configuration showed the lowest internal forces. This configuration is the optimum representation to the structure analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CORINA RODRIGUES.pdf: 3235179 bytes, checksum: e5b6e9f3ed50c876c8ac9835bda3e26b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-20 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research investigated what are the basic skills of students in the mathematics, pedagogy and bachelor in Business Administration courses with respect to reading and interpreting of graphics and tables in the Statistics´ subject. The choice to investigate how the statistics is taught in mathematics, among many graduate courses occurred because we believe that the future teachers of mathematics will be responsible for teaching the basic statistics of a analytical manner. So, when they will be educators, they will be responsible for introduction the same statistics in school, but in a more pictorial and less analytical manner. The Administration course was chosen because we believe that it is a course that makes of the basic statistics a "discipline of service", with emphasis on reading and interpreting of graphs and tables and the applicability of its career in contexts of user statistics. In hypothesis that students had better performance ahead situations that involving the reading and interpreting of graphs and tables than students of the Mathematics and Pedagogy courses, we apply a diagnostic test 174 students divided in the following way: 72 students in Mathematics course, 48 students in pedagogy course and 54 students in Administration course. About the theoretical and epistemological aspect, our research follows an empirical analytic approach with perspective descriptive. The type of collection follows the precepts of a naturalistic or field research, and the analysis of results, a qualitative and quantitative approach that organize comparison between the performances of three groups. This analysis showed us that in the performance of students in Mathematics course were statistically more positive than the performance of students in administration and these, more positive than the performance of the students in pedagogy, refuting our research hypothesis / A presente pesquisa investigou quais são os conhecimentos básicos de um grupo de alunos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática, Pedagogia e bacharelado em Administração com relação à leitura e interpretação de gráficos e tabelas estudados na disciplina de Estatística. A escolha de investigar como a Estatística é ensinada na licenciatura em Matemática, dentre tantos cursos de licenciatura, deu-se por acreditarmos serem esses futuros professores de Matemática, os responsáveis por ensinar de uma forma mais analítica, a Estatística básica nas escolas. Os futuros Pedagogos, ao optarem pelo curso de Pedagogia, poderão introduzi-la nas escolas, porém de forma mais pictórica e menos analítica. O bacharelado em Administração foi escolhido por entendermos ser um curso que faz da Estatística básica uma disciplina de serviço , com ênfase na leitura e interpretação de gráficos e tabelas e pela aplicabilidade em sua carreira em contexto de usuário da Estatística. Tendo como hipótese que os alunos de Administração apresentariam melhor desempenho frente às situações que envolvem a leitura e interpretação de gráficos e tabelas do que os alunos de Licenciatura em Matemática e Pedagogia; aplicamos um teste diagnóstico em 174 sujeitos divididos da seguinte forma: 72 sujeitos de Licenciatura em Matemática, 48 sujeitos de Pedagogia e 54 de bacharelado em Administração. Quanto ao aspecto teórico-epistemológico nossa pesquisa segue uma abordagem empírico-analítica com perspectiva descritiva. O tipo de coleta segue os preceitos de uma pesquisa naturalista ou de campo e, a análise dos resultados, uma abordagem quali-quantitativa promovendo uma comparação entre os desempenhos dos três grupos. Essa análise nos evidenciou que os desempenhos dos sujeitos de Licenciatura em Matemática foram estatisticamente mais positivos que os desempenhos dos sujeitos de Administração e estes, mais positivos que os desempenhos dos sujeitos de Pedagogia, refutando nossa hipótese de pesquisa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:59:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Pereira.pdf: 9940886 bytes, checksum: 6c3c9c68b3eec7bb8eb38411440743b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-21 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The purpose of this study was to investigate the progress and limitations of an educational intervention in the 6th year of elementary school to a public school in the State of São Paulo, in order to answer the following research question: "What are the advances and limitations that an educational intervention for students in 6th grade of elementary school with a view to appropriate reading and interpreting graphs and tables? We've developed a research interventionist nature, which was attended by two groups: an experimental group - EG with 35 students, through the intervention of education and the application of two diagnostic tests, and the other was the control group - CG, also with 35 students, which were applied to diagnostic tests, both formed by students in the 6th grade of elementary school. The theoretical framework of this research relied on studies Wainer (1992) for the tables were also used studies Curcio (1989) on understanding graphics, and the Theory of Semiotics Records Offices of Duval (1992). The data collected through the diagnostic tests were analyzed in light of those theories. And this analysis showed us a significant performance by students of GE in the post-test. The results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and allowed us to infer that the teaching intervention was effective in its purpose of promoting learning / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os avanços e limitações de uma intervenção de ensino no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da Rede Pública do Estado de São Paulo, com a finalidade de responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Quais os avanços e limitações que uma intervenção de ensino para alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental com vistas à apropriação de leitura e interpretação de gráficos e tabelas? Para tanto, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa com caráter intervencionista, a qual contou com dois grupos: um grupo experimental GE com 35 alunos, passando pela intervenção de ensino e a aplicação de dois testes diagnósticos, e o outro foi o grupo controle GC, também com 35 alunos, no qual foram aplicados os testes diagnósticos, ambos formados por alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. O quadro teórico dessa pesquisa contou com os estudos de Wainer (1992) referentes às tabelas, também foram utilizados os estudos de Curcio (1989) sobre compreensão gráfica, e a Teoria de Registros de Representações Semióticas de Duval (1992). Os dados coletados por intermédio dos testes diagnósticos realizados foram analisados a luz dessas mesmas teorias. E essa análise mostrou-nos um desempenho significativo por parte dos alunos do GE no pós-teste. Os resultados, analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente nos permitiram inferir que a intervenção de ensino foi eficaz no seu propósito de promover a aprendizagem. O destaque positivo da intervenção ficou por conta das questões relacionadas ao nível avançado, tanto na leitura e interpretação de tabelas quanto nos gráficos, cujos resultados foram significativos e superiores aos obtidos no nível intermediário