yes / Detailed design of pharmaceutical tablets is essential nowadays in order to produce robust tablets with tailor-made properties. Compressibility and compactibility are the main compaction properties involved in the design and development of solid dosage forms. The data obtained from measured forces and displacements of the punch are normally analysed using the Heckel model to assess the mechanical behaviour of pharmaceutical powders. In this paper, we present a technique for shape modelling of pharmaceutical tablets based on the PDE method. We extended the formulation of the PDE method to a higher dimensional space in order to generate a solid tablet and a cuboid mesh is created to represent the tablet’s components. We also modelled the displacement components of a compressed PDE-based representation of a tablet by utilising the solution of the axisymmetric boundary value problem for a finite cylinder subject to a uniform axial load. The experimental data and the results obtained from the developed model are shown in Heckel plots and a good agreement is found between both. / Available in full text since 5th Feb 2013 following the publisher's embargo period.

<p dir="ltr">This thesis delves into the dynamics and driving factors of thermal transport via natural convection, the onset and severity of quiescent cavitation and its impact of auto-injector device performance, and the controlled release of rapidly swelling pharmaceutical tablets. In each of these instances showcases how variations in external conditions or the introduction of new variables can disrupt the equilibrium of fluid systems, leading to complex behaviors. Vertical thermal convection illustrates how temperature gradients induce fluid movement and patterns; cavitation inception focuses on the formation of vapor cavities due to pressure drops within a fluid; and rapid tablet swelling explores the interaction between solid materials and liquids, leading to significant changes in concentration and mass transfer. These studies collectively enhance our understanding of transport dynamics, highlighting pathways to achieve optimal transport and delivery conditions for various industrial and pharmaceutical processes.</p>

With the commercialization of virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) devices, there is an increasing interest in combining immersive and non-immersive devices (e.g., desktop computers, mobile devices) for asymmetric collaborations. While such asymmetric settings have been examined in social platforms, questions surrounding collaborative view dimensionalities in data-driven decision-making and interaction from non-immersive devices remain under-explored. A crucial inquiry arises: although presenting a consistent 3D virtual world on both immersive and non-immersive platforms has been a common practice in social applications, does the same guideline apply to lay out data? Or should data placement be optimized locally according to each device's display capacity? To this effect, a user study was conducted to provide empirical insights into the user experience of asymmetric collaboration in data-driven decision-making. The user study tested practical dimensionality combinations between PC and VR, resulting in three conditions: PC2D+VR2D, PC2D+VR3D, and PC3D+VR3D. The results revealed a preference for PC2D+VR3D, and PC2D+VR2D led to the quickest task completion. Similarly, mobile devices have become an inclusive alternative to head-worn displays in virtual reality (VR) environments, enhancing accessibility and allowing cross-device collaboration. Object manipulation techniques in mobile Augmented Reality (AR) have been typically evaluated in table-top scale and we lack an understanding of how these techniques perform in room-scale environments. Two studies were conducted to analyze object translation tasks, each with 30 participants, to investigate how different techniques impact usability and performance for room-scale mobile VR object translations. Results indicated that the Joystick technique, which allowed translation in relation to the user's perspective, was the fastest and most preferred, without difference in precision. These findings provide insight for designing collaborative, asymmetric VR environments. / Master of Science / With the commercialization of virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) devices, there is an increasing interest in combining immersive and non-immersive devices (e.g., desktop computers, mobile devices) for collaborations across different devices. While such asymmetric settings have been examined in social platforms, questions surrounding collaborative view differences in 2D views or 3D views affect data-driven decision-making and interaction remain under-explored. A crucial inquiry arises: although presenting a consistent 3D virtual world on both immersive and non-immersive platforms has been a common practice in social applications, does the same guideline apply to lay out data? Or should data placement be optimized on each device according to each device's display capacity? To this effect, a user study was conducted to provide insights into the user experience of collaboration across different devices in data-driven decision-making. The user study tested different combinations of 2D and 3D layouts between PC and VR, resulting in three conditions: PC2D+VR2D, PC2D+VR3D, and PC3D+VR3D. The results revealed a preference for PC2D+VR3D, and PC2D+VR2D led to the quickest task completion. Similarly, mobile devices have become an inclusive alternative to head-worn displays in virtual reality (VR) environments, enhancing accessibility and allowing cross-device collaboration. Object manipulation techniques in mobile Augmented Reality (AR) have been typically evaluated in table-top scale and we lack an understanding of how these techniques perform in room-scale environments. Two studies were conducted to analyze object translation tasks, each with 30 participants, to investigate how different techniques impact usability and performance for room-scale mobile VR object translations. Results indicated that the Joystick technique, which allowed translation in relation to the user's perspective, was the fastest and most preferred, without difference in precision. These findings provide insight for designing collaborative, asymmetric VR environments.

No / Quality by design (QbD) is an essential part of the modern approach to pharmaceutical quality. This study was conducted in the framework of a QbD project involving ramipril tablets. Preliminary work included identification of the critical quality attributes (CQAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) based on the quality target product profiles (QTPPs) using the historical data and risk assessment method failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Compendial and in-house specifications were selected as QTPPs for ramipril tablets. CPPs that affected the product and process were used to establish an experimental design. The results thus obtained can be used to facilitate definition of the design space using tools such as design of experiments (DoE), the response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The project was aimed at discovering hidden knowledge associated with the manufacture of ramipril tablets using a range of artificial intelligence-based software, with the intention of establishing a multi-dimensional design space that ensures consistent product quality. At the end of the study, a design space was developed based on the study data and specifications, and a new formulation was optimized. On the basis of this formulation, a new laboratory batch formulation was prepared and tested. It was confirmed that the explored formulation was within the design space.

Yes / Despite the abundant use of polyethylene oxides (PEOs) and their integration as an excipient in numerous pharmaceutical products, there have been no previous reports of applying this important thermoplastic polymer species alone to fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. In this work, we have investigated the manufacture of oral doses via FDM 3D printing by employing PEOs as a backbone polymer in combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Blends of PEO (molecular weight 100 K, 200 K, 300 K, 600 K or 900 K) with PEG 6 K (plasticiser) and a model drug (theophylline) were hot-melt extruded. The resultant filaments were used as a feed for FDM 3D printer to fabricate oral dosage forms (ODFs) with innovative designs. ODFs were designed in a radiator-like geometry with connected paralleled plates and inter-plate spacing of either 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 mm. X-ray diffraction patterns of the filaments revealed the presence of two distinctive peaks at 2θ = 7° and 12°, which can be correlated to the diffraction pattern of theophylline crystals. Blends of PEO and PEG yielded filaments of variable mechanically resistance (maximum load at break of 357, 608, 649, 882, 781 N for filament produced with PEO 100 K, 200 K, 300 K, 600 K or 900 K, respectively). Filaments of PEO at a molecular weight of 200–600 K were compatible with FDM 3D printing process. Further increase in PEO molecular weight resulted in elevated shear viscosity (>104 Pa.S) at the printing temperature and hindered material flow during FDM 3D printing process. A minimal spacing (1 mm) between parallel plates of the radiator-like design deemed essential to boost drug release from the structure. This is the first report of utilising this widely used biodegradable polymer species (PEOs and PEG) in FDM 3D printing.

A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) é uma doença de amplo espectro de manifestações, sendo razão de preocupação para qualquer autoridade sanitária. A terapêutica da AIDS é complexa sendo utilizados vários medicamentos, diversas vezes ao dia. Deste modo, objetivou-se o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas sólidas como comprimidos tamponados mastigáveis (CTM), comprimidos com revestimento gastro-resistentes (CRGR) e pellets (PEL) para a veiculação de didanosina (ddl). Seis especialidades farmacêuticas na forma de CTM foram estudadas quanto ao perfil de dissolução, pH do meio e capacidade neutralizante ácida (CNA). Formulações teste de CTM foram propostas visando obter CNAs e perfis de dissolução adequados. Também foram testadas formulações de comprimidos e de pellets para posterior revestimento com filme gastro-resistente derivado do ácido metacrílico. Os ensaios de dissolução das amostras de CTM revelaram diferenças nas características de liberação do fármaco. Também foram observadas diferenças relacionadas a CNA. As formulações de CTM propostas apresentaram, na maioria dos casos, adequados perfis de dissolução e CNA. As formulações CRGR que receberam revestimento gastro-resistente apresentaram perfis de dissolução de ddl adequados, entretanto os comprimidos testados intumesceram em meio ácido, indicando descontinuidade do filme polimérico sobre os comprimidos. Testes para a produção de pellets veiculando ddl mostraram-se adequados quanto à morfologia e dissolução do fármaco, o mesmo sendo observado após o revestimento com filme gastro-resistente. / The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that manifests itself in a myriad of ways. Because of this, the condition has been subject of concern to all sanitary authorities. The treatment of AIDS is complex and many types of medicine are used, many times a day. The objective of the present study was to develop solid pharmaceutical dosage forms such as buffered chewable tablets (CTM), gastro-resistant coating tablets (CRGR) and pellets (PEL) for the loading of didanosine (ddl). Six pharmaceutical specialties in the form of CTM were studied so as to identify the profile of the dissolution, the pH of the environment, and the neutralizing acid capacity (CNA). The use of CTM tests formulations was proposed with the objective of obtaining adequate CNA and dissolution profiles. Different compositions of tablets and pellets were tested for a later addition of gastro-resistant film derived from the methacrylic acid. The experiments on the dissolution of the sample of CTM showed differences in the characteristic of the release of the substance. Differences related to the CNA were also observed. The formulations of the CTM proposed showed to have, in the most number of the cases, both adequate dissolution behavior and CNA. The formulations of the CRGR that had received the gastro-resistant coating showed adequate profile of ddl dissolution; the tested tablets, however, swelled in the acid environment, therefore indicating a lack of continuity of the polymeric film over the tablets. The tests for the production of pellets showed adequate results as to its morphology and dissolution of ddl. The same was observed after coating the pellets with gastro-resistant film.

A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) é uma doença de amplo espectro de manifestações, sendo razão de preocupação para qualquer autoridade sanitária. A terapêutica da AIDS é complexa sendo utilizados vários medicamentos, diversas vezes ao dia. Deste modo, objetivou-se o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas sólidas como comprimidos tamponados mastigáveis (CTM), comprimidos com revestimento gastro-resistentes (CRGR) e pellets (PEL) para a veiculação de didanosina (ddl). Seis especialidades farmacêuticas na forma de CTM foram estudadas quanto ao perfil de dissolução, pH do meio e capacidade neutralizante ácida (CNA). Formulações teste de CTM foram propostas visando obter CNAs e perfis de dissolução adequados. Também foram testadas formulações de comprimidos e de pellets para posterior revestimento com filme gastro-resistente derivado do ácido metacrílico. Os ensaios de dissolução das amostras de CTM revelaram diferenças nas características de liberação do fármaco. Também foram observadas diferenças relacionadas a CNA. As formulações de CTM propostas apresentaram, na maioria dos casos, adequados perfis de dissolução e CNA. As formulações CRGR que receberam revestimento gastro-resistente apresentaram perfis de dissolução de ddl adequados, entretanto os comprimidos testados intumesceram em meio ácido, indicando descontinuidade do filme polimérico sobre os comprimidos. Testes para a produção de pellets veiculando ddl mostraram-se adequados quanto à morfologia e dissolução do fármaco, o mesmo sendo observado após o revestimento com filme gastro-resistente. / The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that manifests itself in a myriad of ways. Because of this, the condition has been subject of concern to all sanitary authorities. The treatment of AIDS is complex and many types of medicine are used, many times a day. The objective of the present study was to develop solid pharmaceutical dosage forms such as buffered chewable tablets (CTM), gastro-resistant coating tablets (CRGR) and pellets (PEL) for the loading of didanosine (ddl). Six pharmaceutical specialties in the form of CTM were studied so as to identify the profile of the dissolution, the pH of the environment, and the neutralizing acid capacity (CNA). The use of CTM tests formulations was proposed with the objective of obtaining adequate CNA and dissolution profiles. Different compositions of tablets and pellets were tested for a later addition of gastro-resistant film derived from the methacrylic acid. The experiments on the dissolution of the sample of CTM showed differences in the characteristic of the release of the substance. Differences related to the CNA were also observed. The formulations of the CTM proposed showed to have, in the most number of the cases, both adequate dissolution behavior and CNA. The formulations of the CRGR that had received the gastro-resistant coating showed adequate profile of ddl dissolution; the tested tablets, however, swelled in the acid environment, therefore indicating a lack of continuity of the polymeric film over the tablets. The tests for the production of pellets showed adequate results as to its morphology and dissolution of ddl. The same was observed after coating the pellets with gastro-resistant film.

Submitted by ANA ELISA SILVA (anaelisaba@gmail.com) on 2017-11-01T11:17:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - ANA ELISA DRUMMOND CELESTINO SILVA.pdf: 6274825 bytes, checksum: dba997d12007db3c7488df750d8cf814 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2017-11-06T11:57:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - ANA ELISA DRUMMOND CELESTINO SILVA.pdf: 6274825 bytes, checksum: dba997d12007db3c7488df750d8cf814 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-06T11:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - ANA ELISA DRUMMOND CELESTINO SILVA.pdf: 6274825 bytes, checksum: dba997d12007db3c7488df750d8cf814 (MD5) / As tecnologias móveis digitais estão presentes no ambiente escolar e, cada vez mais, professores e alunos compreendem a importância de integrá-las ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem, percebendo como os usos dos dispositivos móveis podem contribuir para as práticas pedagógicas. A inclusão dos tablets no processo de aprendizagem possibilita transformar as práticas, nas quais professores e alunos podem juntos ensinar, aprender, interagir e construir conhecimentos, pois essa tecnologia torna-se dispositivo de produção e difusão de conteúdos digitais e saberes, proporcionando uma aprendizagem participativa, colaborativa e compartilhada. Nesse contexto, o problema da tese foi norteado a partir da questão “em que medida as atividades de produção de conteúdos digitais, construídos por meio dos tablets, por um grupo de professores e alunos, possibilitam inovações nas práticas pedagógicas, no contexto da cibercultura?”. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os processos e os produtos finais de três conteúdos digitais construídos por meio dos tablets por professores e alunos. De maneira mais específica, avaliar a maneira como esses sujeitos aproveitam e potencializam a mobilidade dos tablets para a construção dos conteúdos digitais, ultrapassando o espaço escolar; examinar as ações pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos professores para trabalhar na perspectiva da colaboração nas produções dos conteúdos digitais, de modo a promover a interação entre os envolvidos no processo; e discutir a maneira com que os professores e alunos utilizam os tablets para compartilhar informações, inclusive os conteúdos digitais por eles produzidos. A metodologia usada foi a qualitativa, de cunho descritivo e analítico. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Escola Municipal Lagoa do Abaeté (Salvador – Bahia) e contou com a participação e colaboração de uma professora de tecnologia, duas professoras regentes e 60 alunos do 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental I. Para a produção dos dados do campo, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: observação de práticas pedagógicas com os usos dos tablets; questionários para caracterização do locus e dos sujeitos; análise de documentos, dentre eles os conteúdos digitais produzidos pelos professores e alunos; entrevistas individuais com os professores; e grupos focais com os alunos. As análises dos produtos foram feitas considerando seus aspectos pedagógicos, técnicos e estruturais. Os resultados alcançados revelaram que a interação dos alunos com os tablets acontecia de maneira intuitiva, integrando-se às práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas dentro e fora do espaço escolar. Essas práticas geralmente eram pautadas no trabalho colaborativo, no qual professores e alunos realizavam ações com objetivos de ampliar as trocas na produção de novos conhecimentos e conteúdos digitais. Como meio de valorizar as práticas desenvolvidas, professores e alunos compartilhavam suas atividades através de apresentações para a comunidade escolar e na internet, por meio da página da escola no Facebook. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as atividades de produção de conteúdos digitais construídos por meio dos tablets possibilitam inovações nas práticas pedagógicas, transformando os processos de ensino-aprendizagem. / ABSTRACT Digital mobile technologies are present in the school environment and both teachers and students increasingly understand the importance of integrating them into the teaching and learning process, recognizing how the use of mobile devices may contribute to pedagogical practices. The integration of tablets into the learning process makes it possible to transform practices, in which teachers and students are able to, working together, teach, learn, interact and build expertise, once that technology become device for producing and disseminating digital content and knowledge, providing participatory, collaborative and shared learning. In this context, the problem approached in the thesis was directed from the question "in which way does the production of digital content by a group of teachers and students, through the use of tablets, enable innovation in pedagogical practices, in the context of cyberculture?". The objective of the present research was to analyze the processes and final products of three digital content built by teachers and students, through the use of tablets. More specifically, evaluate the way these subjects take advantage of and potentiate tablet mobility to build digital content, beyond the school environment; examine the pedagogical actions developed by teachers to work in the perspective of collaboration in digital content productions, in order to promote the interaction between those involved in the process; discuss the way both teachers and students use the tablets to share information, including the digital content they produced. The qualitative methodology was applied, in its descriptive and analytical basis. The research was developed at the Escola Municipal Lagoa do Abaeté (Salvador - Bahia) with the active participation and collaboration of a technology teacher, two teachers and 60 students of the 4th and 5th years of Elementary School. The field data were produced through the use of the following research instruments: observing pedagogical practices with the use of tablets; applying questionnaires so as to characterize both locus and subjects; analyzing documents, including digital content produced by teachers and students; conducting individual interviews with teachers and focal groups with the students. The product analysis considered its pedagogical, technical and structural aspects. The results achieved revealed that the interaction of students with tablets occurred intuitively, integrating with the pedagogical practices developed in and out of the school environment. These practices were mostly guided by collaborative work, in which teachers and students performed actions so as to enhance the exchanges while producing knowledge and digital content. As a means of treasuring the practices developed, teachers and students shared their activities through presentations to the school community and on the Internet, through the school page on Facebook. The results achieved lead to the conclusion that the activities of producing digital content through the use of tablets enable innovation in pedagogical practices, hence transforming teaching and learning processes. / RESUMEN Las tecnologías digitales móviles están presentes en el ambiente escolar y, cada vez más profesores y alunmos comprenden la importancia de intregarlas al proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje, percibiendo como los usos de los dispositivos móviles pueden contribuir en las prácticas pedagógicas. La inclusión de las tablets en el proceso de aprendizaje posibilita transformar las prácticas, en las cuales profesores y alumnos pueden juntos enseñar, aprender e interactuar y construir conocimientos, pues esa tecnología se tornan dispositivo de producciony difusión de contenidos digitales y saberes, proporcionando un aprendizaje participativo, colaborativo y compartido. En ese contexto, el problema de la tesis fue guiado a partir de la pregunta: "¿En qué medida las actividades de producción de contenidos digitales, contruidos por medio de tablets, por un grupo de profesores y alumnos, posibilitan inovaciones en las prácticas pedagógicas, en el contexto de la cibercultura?". El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar los procesos y los productos finales de tres contenidos digitales construidos por medio de tablets por profesores y alumnos. De manera más específica, evaluar las formas de como esos sujetos aprovechan y potencializan la movilidad de las tablets para las construcción de contenidos digitales, sobrepasando el espacio escolar; examinar también las acciones pedagógicas desarrolladas por los profesores para trabajar desde la perspectiva de la colaboración en la producción de contenidos digitales, promoviendo la interacción de los actores envueltos en el proceso; discutir las formas en que los profesores y alumnos usan las tablets para compartir información, incluyendo los contenidos digitales que ellos producen. La metodología usada fue de tipo cualitativa, de tipo descriptivo y analítico. La investogación fue desarrollada en la Escuela Municipal Lagoa de Abaeté (Salvador - Bahia) e contó con la participación y colaboración de una profesora de tecnología, dos profesoras regentes y 60 alumnos de 4to y 5to años de Educación Básica I. Para la producción de los datos de campo, fueron utilizados los siguientes instrumentos de investigación: observación de prácticas pedagógicas con los usos de las tablets; cuestionarios para la caracterización del locus y de los sujetos; analisis documental, incluyéndose los contenidos digitales producidos por los profesores y alumnos; entrevistas individuales con los profesores; y grupos focales con los alumnos.Los análisis de los productos fueron hechos considerando sus aspectos pedagógicos, técnicos y estructurales. Los resultados alcanzados revelaron que la interacción de los alumnos con las tablets ocurre de manera intuitiva, integrándose a las prácticas pedagógicas dentro y fuera del espacio escolar. Esas prácticas, generalmente estaban enmarcadas en el trabajo colaborativo, en el cual los profesores y alumnos realizaban acciones con el objeto de ampliar el intercambio en la producción de nuevos conocimientos e contenidos digitales. Como forma de dar valo a las prácticas desarrolladas, profesores y alumnos compartían sus actividades a través de presentaciones para la comunidad escolar y en la internet, a través de la página escolar de Facebook. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que las actividades de producción de contenidos digitales construídos por medio de tablets posibilitan innovaciones en las prácticas pedagógicas, transformando los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

The present work deals with a qualitative research in the modality of a case study on the insertion of the mobile technologies (tablets and smartphones) as didactic strategy, in order to investigate how these resources favor the learning of the mathematical contents of the additive field and the multiplicative field in elementary school. The study was carried out with the students of the courses of Pedagogy and of the Degree in Mathematics in the classroom mode of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus AC Simões in Maceió - Alagoas, Institute of Mathematics - IM, in the Laboratory of Mathematics Teaching - LMAT. The analysis of the data was based on the work of Gerard Vernaug (2014), Borba (2014) and Bairral (2015), in order to base analyzes on the training of mathematics teachers with mobile technologies. Of official MEC Brazil documents (1997, 1998, 1999, 2002a, 2002b, 2006a, 2006b and 2015). To collect data, we used two questionnaires: direct and participative observation, field diary, interview, pedagogical workshop and course documents as didactic resource. The results obtained indicated the students' interest in the possibilities and limitations of the use of mobile technologies as teaching and learning resources, as well as the understanding of the mathematical contents of the conceptual fields worked through their participation in the discussions and reflections of the activities proposed during the workshop. In the analysis of the interviews it is indicated by the students that much of the training received is lacking a curriculum that addresses the educational context in which these individuals are inserted (digital information society), because the pedagogical practices still focus on "traditional" didactics and curriculum , Whose classes are often based on a reproduction / transfer of knowledge and not on a formation in which the future teacher acts in an innovative way and with a meaningful learning approach. / O presente trabalho trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade de um estudo de caso sobre a inserção das tecnologias móveis (tablets e smartphones) como estratégia didática, a fim de investigar como esses recursos favorecem a aprendizagem dos conteúdos matemáticos do campo aditivo e do campo multiplicativo no ensino fundamental. O estudo foi realizado com os alunos dos cursos de Pedagogia e da Licenciatura em Matemática na modalidade presencial da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões em Maceió - Alagoas, no Instituto de Matemática – IM, no Laboratório de Ensino de Matemática - LEMA. As análises dos dados foram pautadas nos trabalhos de, Carvalho (2009, 2015), Gerard Vernaug (2014), além de Borba (2014) e Bairral (2015) para fundamentar as análises sobre a formação de professores de matemática com tecnologias móveis, além de documentos oficiais do MEC Brasil (1997, 1998, 1999, 2002a, 2002b, 2006a, 2006b e 2015). Para a coleta de dados, utilizamos como instrumentos dois questionários, observação direta e participativa, diário de campo, entrevista, oficina pedagógica e documentos do curso como recurso didático. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram o interesse dos alunos, em formação, nas possibilidades e limitações do uso das tecnologias móveis como recursos de ensino e aprendizagem, da mesma forma, a compreensão dos conteúdos matemáticos dos campos conceituais trabalhados por meio de sua participação nas discussões e reflexões das atividades propostas durante a oficina. Nas análises das entrevistas é indicado pelos alunos que boa parte da formação recebida é carente de um currículo que aborde o contexto educacional no qual esses indivíduos estão inseridos (sociedade da informação digital), pois as práticas pedagógicas ainda focam em didática e currículo ―tradicionais‖, cujas aulas muitas vezes são baseadas em uma reprodução/transferência de conhecimentos e não numa formação na qual o futuro professor atue de maneira inovadora e com uma abordagem de aprendizagem significativa.

The pharmaceutical process of dry granulation using roller-compaction (DG/RC) is effectively a non-batch based procedure orientated to deliver a continuous stream of material free of a pre-defined batch-size with reduced plant equipment/scale-up R&D resources and an enhanced work-throughput, particularly suitable for moisture sensitive formulation. The desirable accreditations of DG/RC are many; yet by the nature of a more flexible approach than (i.e. wet-granulation), it must be highly monitored and controlled to accomplish higher-throughput rates and reduced ‘static’ material testing stages. To monitor rapidly and in-line with production, pre-granulated ribbons of RC (which highly correlates to the post milled granulates), terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) is used to elucidate the key physical attributes of post-compression density and thickness uniformity, key to end-product consistency. Invariably a great number of conditions apply to DG/RC (viz: System design, material characteristics, environmental and unit configuration), although widely regarded as the key processing parameters (PP’s) are roll-pressure and roll-gap [1-4]. The target of the study is to derive a strategy to position TDS as PAT to DG/RC. Two terahertz time-domain TD methods of a conventional transmission setup and reflection (TPI) THz analysis are used on standards of glass slides for verifying the interpretational foundations of the TD methods. Achieving RI/thickness error-discrepancies +2.2 to -0.4% c.f. literature ([150]) values provides foundations to test the solid-fraction ratios of pharma tablets with regard to RI’s being surrogate values to SF/path-length (R2 = 1). Combining transmission principles to the portion of reflected EMR removes the pre-requisite for RI or path-length knowledge, giving +1.5 to +2.4% RI agreement (vs. frequency-domain attained results) thus enabling thickness estimations to be above 95% against physical micrometre judgement in all models. Augmentation of the TD methods, refined in Experimental chapter 2 ,then chiefly focuses on TPI as the principle THz-TD method (as the most ideal tool for PAT) for adopting the RI measures for ribbon uniformity analysis in Experimental chapter 4 in an off-line environment again resulting in RI and thicknesses < 5 % error of known parameters of thickness and further use of RI as a proxy porosity equivalent to gas pycnometry. Elucidated in the work are the limitations encountered with tablets and RC’s, data interpretation of industrial considerations. Experimental chapter 3 diverges from RI to differentiate thickness in-order to assess the FD transmission for non-destructive mechanical assessment. This demonstrates a clear relationship between compaction force and the surrogate value for density, following a linear trend below a certain threshold of force. The ‘threshold’ value is observed for less massive tablets, and concluded is that the mechanistic interplay and permanent (plastic) consolidation is greater in instances where compaction-force increases proportionally with target-fill weights, and thus the various behaviour of MCC to stress.