Education in Astronomy is still little experienced in Brazil. The degree courses in Physics that, in principle, should also contemplate Astronomy-related contents, do not deal with this science in compulsory courses. In some lessons, subjects clearly related to Astronomy are part of the content of elective academic disciplines, although there is a growing interest in investigations on the subject in postgraduate studies. Considering that knowledge about Astronomy can also be explored in Physics, as additional activities, we had the interest to develop a didactic workshop on Astronomy-related topics, oriented to some ungraduated students of the Institutional Program of Initiation to Teaching (PIBID) of Physics in the Federal University of Tocantins, at the Araguaína Campus. The activities developed with the students were planned in workshop format, duly preceded by a bibliographical survey. Through the use of questionnaires, games, experiments, telescope for night observation, we seek to motivate students to discuss Astronomy contents, considering the interconnection of this science to daily life, in order to promote the development of skills and abilities described in the Brazilian Curricular Parameters of Elementary School. After the realization of these activities, we inferred that the workshop was effective in arousing students' interest to discussion of concepts on Astronomy and on the importance of the knowledge of this science for the formation of the Physics teacher. We conclude that this type of activity contributes to minimizing the gaps in the initial formation of the physics teacher in relation to basic knowledge about Astronomy. / A educação em Astronomia ainda é pouco vivenciada no Brasil. Os cursos de licenciatura em Física que, em princípio, deveriam também contemplar conteúdos ligados à Astronomia, pouco abordam sobre essa ciência em disciplinas obrigatórias. Em alguns cursos, temas claramente relacionados à Astronomia são parte do conteúdo de disciplinas optativas, embora se observe um crescente interesse por investigações sobre o tema em estudos em pós-graduação. Considerando que conhecimentos sobre Astronomia também podem ser abordados nas licenciaturas em Física em atividades que não sejam disciplinas, buscamos desenvolver uma oficina didática sobre conteúdos de Astronomia tendo como participantes alunos bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) de Física na Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Campus Araguaína. As atividades desenvolvidas com os alunos foram planejadas no formato de oficina, devidamente precedidas de levantamento bibliográfico. Através da utilização de questionários, jogos, experimentos, telescópio para observação noturna, buscamos motivar os estudantes para a discussão sobre conteúdos de Astronomia, considerando-se a interligação dessa ciência ao cotidiano, no intuito de promover o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades descritas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Fundamental. Após a realização dessas atividades, inferimos que a oficina foi efetiva em despertar o interesse dos alunos para a discussão sobre conceitos da Astronomia e sobre a importância dos conhecimentos dessa ciência para a formação do professor de Física. Chegamos à conclusão que esse tipo de atividade contribui para minimizar as lacunas na formação inicial do professor de Física com relação a conhecimentos básicos sobre Astronomia.

Orientador: Rodrigo Touso Dias Lopes / Resumo: Com o intuito de democratizar o acesso ao Ensino Superior, houve uma grande expansão da Educação a Distância (EaD) no Brasil, que culminou na ampliação de Políticas Públicas que flexibilizaram a implantação de cursos oferecidos nessa modalidade de ensino. Essa experiência trouxe diversas reflexões acerca dos desafios e das dificuldades encontradas na busca pela qualidade de projetos em EaD, sobretudo, relacionados aos diversos componentes que o estruturam, dentre os quais se destaca o material didático. Considerando sua relevância nesta pesquisa, optou-se pela análise do material didático, por ser um recurso que pode potencializar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem na EaD. A questão que motiva o empreendimento de uma pesquisa sobre esta temática consiste em identificar quais estruturas de materiais didáticos e quais componentes podem facilitar o processo de aprendizagem e possibilitar a construção do conhecimento; assim, avaliar a usabilidade do recurso material didático nos cursos de Ensino Superior na modalidade a distância constitui o principal objetivo deste estudo. A metodologia que conduz esta pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, por pretender, inicialmente, verificar em que proporção o material didático auxilia na aprendizagem dos alunos que estudam nessa modalidade de ensino e, posteriormente, pela análise das Políticas Públicas de EaD, avaliar se os critérios de qualidade de material didático definidos nos Referenciais de Qualidade do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In order to democratize the access to University graduation, there was a great expansion of Distance Education (EAD) in Brazil, which culminated in the expansion of Public Policies that made flexible the implementation of courses offered in this type of education. This experience has brought several reflections about the challenges and difficulties faced in the search for quality of EAD projects, mainly related to the several components that structure it, among which didactic material stands out. Considering its relevance in this research, we opted for the analysis of didactic material, since it is a resource that can potentiate teaching and learning process in EaD. The question that motivates the development of a research on this subject is to identify which didactic material structures and which components can facilitate the learning process and enable the construction of knowledge; thus, evaluating the usability of the didactic material resource in University graduation courses in the distance modality is the main purpose of this study. The methodology that conducts this research is characterized as qualitative, exploratory and, descriptive, as it initially aims to verify in which proportion didactic material assists in the learning of the scholars who study in this modality of teaching and, later, by the analysis of the Public Policies of EaD, evaluate if didactic material quality criteria defined in the Quality Benchmarks of Ministry of Education are efficiently certifyi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliana Aparecida Goncalez Albonette Frois.pdf: 10467405 bytes, checksum: 516e7d9c93dd1f520676840285555fce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current thesis has the social worker majoring process: a permanent challenge as a theme whose aim was to scrutinize the academician acting in this procedure. In order to make it happen, a investigative path has been ridden on Education and social service altogether. In this theses I try to explore the limitations and possibilities as to critical and ethical social workers are majored, highlighting academician role in the information process, taking into account the ethical-political project and its ethical code as a craft as well. One of the major promises in which the research has its heart on, is a acknowledgement that the social worker as a social services majoring academician needs some knowledge from teaching to exercise this practice, for only professional exercise doesn t make them eligible for such. To perform such research it was necessary to study a graphic learning process for the Social Services graduates in its completion comprehending the ground rules and peculiarities of this process. For such, it has been searched as a Universe of research the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, the social work majoring course. The aim of researching the academician professional exercise in graduation level in social services from UEL/ PR, had been reaching and yet, knowing the requirements which are made for those professionals, concerning the determiners and peculiarities of this kind work detect as the teaching/learning process has been happening to the Social services majoring undergraduates. In closing the thesis, considerations are composed retrieving the limitations and mostly the possibilities held in the concrete reality on the daily basis, in school vicinity, where soon-to-be social workers are majored, highlighting some purposes in a sense of collaborating with such category. Directing enabling actions to enhance the social worker majoring as a permanent challenge / A presente tese tem como tema O processo de formação profissional do assistente social: desafio permanente, cujo problema foi o de investigar a atuação docente nesse processo. Para sua realização foi percorrida um trajetória investigativa sobre Serviço Social e a Educação. Nesta tese procuro explorar os limites e possibilidades para que se formem assistentes sociais críticos e éticos, destacando o papel docente no processo de formação, tomando por base o Projeto ético político de profissão e o seu Código de Ética. Um dos principais pressupostos no qual a pesquisa se apoia é o reconhecimento de que o assistente social enquanto docente do curso de Serviço Social necessita de conhecimentos de natureza didática e pedagógica para exercer essa prática, pois só o exercício profissional não o qualifica para isso. Para realização da pesquisa buscou-se conhecer o processo de ensino aprendizagem dos alunos de graduação de Serviço Social na sua concretude, compreendendo as determinações e as particularidades deste processo. Para tanto buscou-se como universo de pesquisa o curso de Serviço Social da Universidade Estadual de Londrina-PR. O objetivo de pesquisar a prática profissional docente do professor do curso de graduação em Serviço Social da UEL/PR, foi alcançado conhecendo-se ainda as requisições que são postas para estes profissionais, compreendendo os determinantes e as peculiaridades deste tipo de atuação, detectando como tem ocorrido o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos do curso de Serviço Social. Finalizando a tese, são tecidas considerações recuperando os limites e principalmente as possibilidades contidas na realidade concreta vivenciada no âmbito escolar, onde se dá a formação do assistente social, destacando algumas propostas no sentido de colaborar com a categoria, direcionando ações capazes de potencializar a formação do assistente social como um desafio permanente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3242.pdf: 2170601 bytes, checksum: 29988c9ffa67287b69aa76d549392562 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 / The changes occurred in our society in the last few years have immediately reflected in the school sphere. Nowadays, in the educational context there is a great international effort in favor of the inclusive education, which proposes to welcome students from any belief, race, social or financial background and who also may have any kind of disability. In this direction, this research has as objective to investigate the perceptions of deaf and hearing impaired students, included in state schools, concerning the teaching and learning process of a second language as part of the school curriculum, and therefore discuss the legislation which obliges those students to be in regular classrooms as well as the questions brought about regarding the process of inclusion. The subjects of the research are deaf or hearing impaired students from the 5th grade Elementary School to the 3rd grade High School, in the region of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. It is a qualitative research, whose data were collected throught: (a) classroom observation; (b) questionnaires and interviews, intermediated by a professional specialized in sign language and (c) drawings. As a result, the data analyses have revealed that the students degree of language knowledge, of performance and of inclusion is related to individual characteristics. / As mudanças presenciadas em nossa sociedade nos últimos anos têm tido reflexos imediatos no âmbito escolar. Há, atualmente, no contexto educacional forte movimento mundial a favor da educação inclusiva, a qual propõe o acolhimento de todos os alunos independentemente de suas crenças, raças, credos, status social e financeiro ou que sejam deficientes físicos, intelectuais ou sensoriais. Inserida nesse contexto inclusivo, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as percepções sobre as aulas de língua inglesa de alunos com surdez ou com algum grau de perda auditiva, em escolas públicas estaduais e, a partir delas, discutir os aportes legais que obrigam esses alunos a frequentar classes regulares e bem como as questões surgidas do processo de inclusão. Alunos com surdez ou com deficiência auditiva que frequentam desde a 5ª. série do Ensino Fundamental à 3ª. série do Ensino Médio de uma região do interior do Estado de São Paulo foram os sujeitos da pesquisa. É uma investigação de base qualitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de (a) observação direta em sala de aula, (b) questionários e entrevistas, intermediados por um professor especializado em audicomunicação e (c) desenhos. Como resultado, a análise dos dados aponta que o grau de conhecimento da língua, de desempenho e de inclusão desse tipo de aluno está relacionado a características individuais.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation takes as a starting point the fact that the process of constructing meanings in multimodal texts involves the contribution of verbal and non-verbal codes, which integrate themselves in a collaborative action in order to establish communication. Therefore, explicit/implicit elements add up to the textual composition in meaningful arrangements materializedinto texts (re)createdby the reading subject. It is important to highlight that this process depends on the reader’s repertoire which involves linguistics, discourse and image knowledge. For this reason, we have chosen to develop a group of 9th grade students with whom I work at a public school in Aracaju verbal and visual language literacy aiming to improve their reading competence and reflexive thinking. For the purpose of achieving such scope, we have developed the digital game Na Trilha dos sentidos, directed into building meanings from strips and publicity ads, both multimodal kinds of texts. We have been supported by the social interactionist linguistic theories related to the conception of genre by Marcuschi (2008); we have resorted to Koch (2006, 2015) to debate the concept of resumption by the pronominal anaphora; we have sought the basis for a concept of reading in Kleiman (2000); we have read Cavalcante e Custódio (2010) for the concept of text and Bakhtin/Volochinov (1998 [1929]) for information about the discursive context and dialogism; Kress e Van Leeuwen (1996) have made it possible for us to organize the visual resources studies, among which we stress salience and framing; besides using Fialho’s ideas (2005) for the pedagogic game as an auxiliary resource functionality, a motivation in the learning process. The study followed the principles of the educational actionresearch, defined by Tripp (2005) as a strategy for developing teachers who aim at enhancing their teaching practices and, consequently, their students’ learning. This theoretical input has contributed for the elaboration of the tasks in the game created by researcher. We have observed, from the application and outcomes analysis, that using this pedagogic resource has leaded to students’ involvement with contents, resulting in a broader comprehension of materials in which linguistic, discursive and imagetic aspects have collaborated in the constitution of a single verbal and visual text. We have also noticed the enhancement of the interpretation of meanings from inferences built by means of diverse language resources combined analysis. In spite of its limited reach, as it was restricted to only one group of students, this research suggests that the use of pedagogic practices with multimodal materials based in games should be increased, as it collaborates with the enlargement of the elementary school students’ comprehension ability. / Esta dissertação toma como ponto de partida o fato de o processo de construção de sentido nos textos multimodais envolver a contribuição de códigos verbais e não verbais, que se integram em ação colaborativa para estabelecer comunicação. Assim, elementos explícitos/implícitos integram a composição textual em arranjos significativos materializados em textos que são (re)criados pelo sujeito leitor. É importante destacar que esse processo depende do repertório de conhecimentos que envolve saberes linguísticos, discursivos e imagéticos. Por essa razão, optamos por desenvolver o letramento dos estudantes na linguagem verbo-visual visando ao aprimoramento da competência leitora e do pensamento reflexivo de estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental com os quais trabalho em uma escola pública de Aracaju. Para atingir tal escopo, desenvolvemos o jogo digital Na Trilha dos sentidos, direcionado à construção de sentido a partir dos gêneros tira e anúncio publicitário, ambos de natureza multimodal. Apoiamo-nos nas teorias linguísticas sociointeracionistas associadas à concepção de gênero de Marcuschi (2008); recorremos a Koch (2006, 2015) para discutir a concepção de retomada pela anáfora pronominal; buscamos em Kleiman (2000) as bases para uma concepção de leitura; partimos de Cavalcante e Custódio (2010) para definirmos o conceito de texto e em Bakhtin/Volochinov (1998 [1929]) para o de contexto discursivo e dialogismo; Kress e Leeuwen (2006) possibilitaram-nos organizar os estudos dos recursos visuais, entre os quais destacamos a saliência e o enquadre; além de utilizarmos as ideias de Fialho (2005) para funcionalidade do jogo didático como recurso auxiliar, motivacional no processo da aprendizagem. O trabalho realizado seguiu os princípios da pesquisa-ação educacional, conforme Tripp (2005), que a define como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento de professores que visam a aprimorar as estratégias de ensino que utilizam e, consequentemente, as aprendizagens dos estudantes. Esse aporte teórico contribuiu para a elaboração das atividades do jogo criado pela pesquisadora. Constatamos a partir da aplicação do jogo e análise dos resultados que a utilização desse tipo de recurso didático promoveu o envolvimento dos estudantes com os conteúdos estudados, resultando em uma maior compreensão de materiais nos quais aspectos linguísticos, discursivos e imagéticos colaboram para a constituição de um único texto verbo-visual. Também notamos o aprimoramento da interpretação de sentidos a partir de inferências construídas por meio de análise combinada de diferentes recursos de linguagem. Embora com alcance limitado, por estar restrito a uma única turma, esta pesquisa possibilita sugerir que haja o incremento de práticas pedagógicas com materiais multimodais apoiadas em jogos, pois colaboram com a ampliação das capacidades de compreensão dos estudantes da educação básica.

This study explored the role of school-based teacher financial incentives on student academic achievement. Despite great efforts made by Zimbabwean government towards improving the education system in terms of infrastructure development and increasing number of schools, prior and after 1980, not much attention had been paid to the role of teachers’ extra-financial incentives on enhancing teacher motivation which leads to student achievement in and outside classroom situation. Extra-financial incentives differ from government to government depending on the revenue base and political will by such governments to support these teacher incentives programmes. In developed countries, respective governments pay different teacher incentives while in developing countries, parents/guardians or School Development Committees (SDCs) shoulder the burden. This study contented that one of the ways to improve student achievement has been payment of school-based teacher incentives to supplement teachers’ low salaries. While the need to adequately compensate teachers had been a worldwide phenomenon, this is in contrast to Zimbabwean experience after 2014, when Government of National Unity (GNU) came to an end. Zimbabwean government banned payment of teacher incentives under unclear reasons which were widely purported to be political. This research adopted a qualitative approach and as such, collection of primary and secondary data were done using multiple data collection techniques. Techniques included interviews with key informants, focus group discussions and open ended questionnaires in selected secondary schools. Results from this study revealed that improving teacher motivation through school-based incentives had been central to improved student achievement. In schools where teacher incentive system was practiced pass-rates increased, with a sudden decline when teacher incentives were banned. Banning or lack of properly designed incentive systems, where teachers were consulted, was seen as negatively affecting student achievement in selected secondary schools of Makoni District. / Educational Foundations / D. Ed. (Socio-Education)

Abstract in English, Venda and Sotho / Within the last decade, the level of teenage pregnancy in Southern Africa has been on the increase and as a result, is being seen as a major social problem. This study, which is a dissertation of limited scope, investigates the teaching and learning challenges of teenage mother learners at secondary schools in the Vhembe District in Limpopo. This study is classified as qualitative research within a case study design. A convenience sampling method was applied in order to select teachers and teenage mother learners for participation in the study resulting in five teachers and five teenage mother learners participating in the study Participants were interviewed using in-depth interviews. Participant observation and document analysis were other research methodologies included in the data collection process. Participant observation assisted in gathering data in relation to how mother learners interacted with teachers and other peers in class and in the school environment and document analysis was conducted by means of perusing formal records, such as attendance registers, class tests and examination results, medical records, and involvement in extramural activities. Qualitative data analysis was used in order to analyse data collected which resulted in themes and sub-themes emerging. The findings revealed that teenage pregnancy has a detrimental effect on girls’ schooling with school attendance and absenteeism affecting performance resulting in poor results and even drop out. Additional factors such as lack of financial support, physical and emotional support from family and friends as well as stigmatisation, discrimination and exclusion have a negative effect on learning. Teachers tend to lack the necessary knowledge and skills in dealing with teenage mother learners and are not supported with counselling programmes. Recommendations suggest that teachers are equipped with special skills to deal with teenage mother learners and that learners at school are made more aware of the dangers of early pregnancy and its effects on their education through various programmes. / Ngudo iyi, ya desithesheni ya tshikoupu tsho pimiwaho, i khou ṱoḓisisa nga ha khaedu dza u funza na u guda kha vhagudi vha vhana vha re vho mme zwikoloni zwa sekondari Masipalani wa Tshiṱiriki tsha Vhembe, Limpopo. Ngudo iyi yo khethekanywa sa ṱhoḓisiso ya khwaḽithathivi. Kha pulane na nzudzanyo ya ṱhoḓisiso, ngudo iyi yo itwa zwikoloni zwa sekondari kha Masipala wa Tshiṱiriki tsha Vhembe, tshine tsha wanala kha vundu ḽa Limpopo. Kuitele kwa vhukhethatsumbonanguludzwa kwo teaho kwo shumiswa u itela u nanga vhadededzi na vhagudi vha vhana vha re vho mme u itela u dzhenelela kha inthaviwu. U dzhenelela nga u tou sedza na u saukanya ḽiṅwalo o vha maṅwe maitele a ṱhoḓisiso o katelwaho kha kuitele kwa u kuvhanganya data. Vhadededzi na vhagudi vha vhana vha re vho mme vho inthaviwiwa hu tshi khou shumiswa inthaviwu dzo fhelelaho. Ṱhoḓisiso ya khwaḽithethivi kha u dzhenelela nga vhusedzi yo itwa u itela u kuvhanganya data zwi tshi elana na uri vhagudi vha vhana vha re vho mme vha shumisana hani na vhadededzi na dziṅwe thangana dza murole kiḽasini na kha vhupo ha tshikolo Tsha u fhedzisela. U saukanywa ha ḽiṅwalo ho itwa nga nḓila ya u ṱola rekhodo dza fomaḽa, dzi ngaho ridzhisiṱara ya maḓele tshikoloni, mulingo wa kiḽasini na mvelelo dza mulingo, rekhodo dza mutakalo, na u dzhenelela kha nyitelwannḓa na thandela dza mveledziso ya tshitshavha. Vhadededzi vhaṱanu na vhagudi vha vhana vha re vho mme vhaṱanu vho dzhenelela kha ngudo iyi. Musaukanyo wa data wa khwaḽithithathivi wo shumiswa u itela u saukanya data yo kuvhanganyiwaho nga tshifhinga tsha inthaviwu dzo fhelelaho na data ya u sedza ya mudzheneli / Nyakišišo ye, yeo e lego disetheišene ya sekoupu se se lekantšwego, e nyakišiša ditlhohlo tša go ruta le go ithuta tša baswa ba baithuti ba e lego bommago bana dikolong tša sekontari ka Mmasepaleng wa Selete sa Vhembe, Limpopo. Nyakišišo ye e hlophilwe bjalo ka nyakišišo ya khwalithethifi. Ka gare ga peakanyo ya kheisesetati, nyakišišo ye e dirilwe dikolong tša sekontari ka gare ga Mmasepala wa Selete sa Vhembe, wo o lego profentsheng ya Limpopo. Mokgwa wa maleba wa go dira sampole o dirišitšwe go kgetha barutiši le baswa ba baithuti ba e lego bommago bana go kgathatema dipoledišanong. Tlhokomelo ya mokgathatema le tshekatsheko ya tokomane e be e le mekgwa ye mengwe ya dinyakišišo ye e akareditšwego ka gare ga tshepetšo ya kgoboketšo ya datha. Barutiši le baswa ba baithuti ba e lego bommago bana ba boledišane ka go šomiša dipoledišano tše di tseneletšego. Nyakišišo ya khwalithethifi ka gare ga tlhokomelo ya mokgathatema e dirilwe go kgoboketša datha mabapi le ka fao baswa ba baithuti ba e lego bommago bana ba bego ba amana le barutiši le dithaka tša bona ka phapošing le ka tikologong ya sekolo. Sa mafelelo, tshekatsheko ya tokomane e dirilwe ka go šomiša direkote tša semmušo go hlahloba, go swana le diretšistara ya batlasekolong, diteko tša ka phapošing le dipoelo tša tlhahlobo, direkote tša kalafo, le kgathotema dipapading tsa sekolo le diprotšeke tša tlhabollo ya setšhaba. Barutiši ba bahlano le baswa ba baithuti ba e lego bommago bana ba bahlano ba kgathile tema ka nyakišišong ye. Tshekatsheko ya datha ya khwalithethifi e šomišitšwe go sekaseka datha ye e kgobokeditšwego nakong ya dipoledišano tše di tseneletšeng le datha ya tlhokomelo ya mokgathatema. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)