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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Solitudes enseignantes ou la volonté de changer la société par l’éducation

Bradet, Julie 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
42

Réinventer Montréal : une archéologie du discours urbanistique des Trente Glorieuses

Mercure Jolette, Frédéric 11 1900 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur le fonctionnement du discours urbanistique à Montréal durant les Trente Glorieuses. Contre l’interprétation dominante selon laquelle l’urbanisme des Trente Glorieuses serait démesurément technophile et confisquerait le pouvoir de parler de la ville, nous montrons qu’en dramatisant la décomposition de l’objet urbain et en faisant de la définition même de la ville un problème, l’urbanisme crée un espace discursif ouvert dans lequel la technique se présente à la fois comme un problème et une solution. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons la prégnance de la critique de l’urbanisme technocratique (dont l’expression typique se trouve chez Jane Jacobs) dans la théorie politique contemporaine, au moyen d’une analyse du livre à succès Seeing Like a State de James C. Scott. Nous montrons que cette critique repose sur une hypothèse du surplomb dont le fonctionnement est analogue à ce que Michel Foucault appelle « l’hypothèse répressive ». Nous expliquons son succès en montrant qu’elle correspond à la vision dominante de la critique comme procès de la raison. Rejetant la réception qui en a été faite par les anti-planificateurs, nous montrons enfin que l’on retrouve dans la méthode archéologique de Foucault des éléments pour une analyse de l’urbanisme qui ne soit pas uniquement centrée sur les tares de l’idéologie moderniste et la croissance démesurée du pouvoir technocratique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous forgeons une hypothèse quant à la structure du discours urbanistique au moyen d’une relecture d’Emmanuel Kant, Reinhart Koselleck et Hans Jonas. Plutôt que d’assimiler l’urbanisme à une forme démesurée (hubris) du rationalisme, il s’agit d’y trouver une réflexion particulièrement sophistiquée sur les limites du pouvoir de connaître, dont l’analytique de la finitude kantienne est la forme paradigmatique. Nous utilisons ensuite l’histoire des concepts de Koselleck pour éclairer le fonctionnement et les effets intradiscursifs de la remise en question du concept traditionnel de ville à laquelle procède l’urbanisme. Enfin, l’éthique de la technique de Jonas nous permet de montrer que la planification moderne s’appuie sur (et se justifie par) les dangers que pose un développement techno-industriel incontrôlé. Dans un troisième temps, nous testons cette hypothèse au moyen d’une étude du discours urbanistique montréalais de 1941 à 1967. Analysant comment les premiers professionnels du Service d’urbanisme de la Ville se représentent Montréal, nous traitons de l’idée de « ville en mouvement », des modalités de représentation de l’espace urbain et de l’injonction à réinventer la ville que l’on retrouve dans le discours urbanistique. À partir de trois figures transversales, soit Hans Blumenfeld, Claude Robillard et Jean-Claude La Haye, nous montrons que le discours urbanistique montréalais des Trente Glorieuses est polyphonique, c’est-à-dire qu’on y retrouve différentes tactiques de légitimation qui forment toutes des variations d’une même grande stratégie discursive de décomposition et recomposition de l’objet urbain. Nous verrons ces tactiques à l’œuvre dans la rénovation urbaine (le plan Dozois et le projet pour le quartier de la Petite-Bourgogne), l’organisation de l’expertise urbanistique (l’Institut d’urbanisme et la Commission provinciale d’urbanisme), et les velléités de planification métropolitaine (Horizon 2000). / This dissertation focuses on the structure of the urban discourse in Montreal during the Trente Glorieuses (Glorious Thirty). Against the dominant interpretation, according to which the urban planning of the Glorious Thirties was disproportionately technophile and had confiscated the power to speak of the city, we show that by dramatizing the decomposition of the urban object and by making the very definition of the city a problem, urban planning creates a discursive space in which technique presents itself as both a problem and a solution. First, we analyze the significance of the critique of technocratic urban planning (the typical expression of which is found in Jane Jacobs) in contemporary political theory, by means of an analysis of the best-selling book Seeing Like a State by James C. Scott. We show that this critique is based on an “overhang hypothesis”, the operation of which is analogous to what Michel Foucault calls “the repressive hypothesis”. We explain its success by showing that it corresponds to the dominant view of criticism as the trial of reason. Rejecting the reception given to it by the anti-planners, we then show that one can find in Foucault's archaeological method elements for an analysis of urban planning that is not only centered on the flaws of modernist ideology and the disproportionate growth of technocratic power. Secondly, we forge a hypothesis about the structure of the urbanistic discourse by means of a rereading of Immanuel Kant, Reinhart Koselleck and Hans Jonas. Rather than assimilating urban planning with a disproportionate form (hubris) of rationalism, it is a question of finding in it a particularly sophisticated reflection on the limits of the power to know, of which the analytic of Kantian finitude is the paradigmatic form. We then use the history of Koselleck's concepts to shed light on the functioning and the intradiscursive effects of the questioning of the traditional concept of city that is carried out by urban planners Finally, Jonas’s ethics of technology allows us to show that modern planning relies on (and is justified by) the dangers of uncontrolled techno-industrial development. Thirdly, we test this hypothesis by means of a study of Montreal's urban planning discourse from 1941 to 1967. Analyzing how the first professionals of the City's Planning Department represented Montreal, we deal with the idea of a city in motion, the methods of representing urban space and the injunction to reinvent the city that we find in urban discourse. Based on three transversal figures—namely Hans Blumenfeld, Claude Robillard and Jean-Claude La Haye—we show that the urban planning discourse of the Glorious Thirties in Montreal is polyphonic, which is to say, we find different legitimization tactics that all form variations of the same great discursive strategy of decomposing and recomposing the urban object. We will see these tactics at work in urban renewal (the Dozois plan and the project for the Little Burgundy district (Petite-Bourgogne)), the organization of urban planning expertise (l’Institut d’urbanisme et la Commission provinciale d’urbanisme), and metropolitan planning ideas (Horizon 2000).
43

O pensamento tecnocr?tico, a setoriza??o e as pr?ticas permissivas: a quest?o das ?reas contaminadas no planejamento municipal / Technocratic thinking, sectorization and permissive practices: the question of contaminated areas in municipal plannings / El pensamiento tecnocr?tico, la sectorizaci?n y las pr?cticas permisivas: la cuesti?n de las ?reas contaminadas en la planificaci?n municipal

Silva, Ricardo Alexandre da 23 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T17:03:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO ALEXANDRE DA SILVA.pdf: 18031586 bytes, checksum: 0c2ac39aa49f7861e0e1a24eeb8e2ce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T17:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO ALEXANDRE DA SILVA.pdf: 18031586 bytes, checksum: 0c2ac39aa49f7861e0e1a24eeb8e2ce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / The issue of contaminated areas is a problem that has increased in recent decades. The identification of numerous contaminations - old and recent - in the soil and water medium has affected the population, caused numerous health problems, and the environment, with the commitment of flora and fauna. In addition, economic activities carried out both in urban and rural areas have been hampered by the juxtaposition of the industrial production means that generate various types of contamination. The actions carried out by the public managers have not followed the breadth and expansion of the cases already detected. Generally the role played by public managers, especially municipal power, has been marked by great leniency and is evoked from their clearly technocratic and patrimonialist management structures . The legal competence regarding the licensing of activities with risk of contamination, national and state elevation in Brazil and in other countries studied, with sectorial and disciplinary perspective, in which industry is always seen as a positive factor, does not reach the problem as a territorialized phenomenon, with implications for the current and future use of localities. The study in question proposes new guidelines for the treatment of contaminated areas, with emphasis on the managerial integration of levels of government, access to information and monitoring of society. They were elaborated from the analysis of several occurrences of contamination, observing the causes, effects, agents and, mainly, the position adopted by the public managers, in particular the municipal ones, since they are the direct responsible by the regulation of the territory, through the legislation of land use and occupation in the municipal space. / La cuesti?n de las ?reas contaminadas representa un problema que ha aumentado en las ?ltimas d?cadas. La identificaci?n de innumerables contaminaciones - antiguas y recientes - en el suelo y medio h?drico ha afectado a la poblaci?n, ocasionado innumerables problemas de salud, y al medio ambiente, con el comprometimiento de la flora y la fauna. Adem?s, las actividades econ?micas, ejecutadas tanto en el espacio urbano y rural, han sido perjudicadas por la yuxtaposici?n de los medios de producci?n industrial que generan diversos tipos de contaminaciones. Las acciones ejecutadas por los gestores p?blicos, no han acompa?ado la amplitud y la expansi?n de los casos ya detectados. Generalmente el papel ejercido por los gestores p?blicos, en especial el poder municipal, ha sido marcado por una gran lenidad y que es evocada a partir de sus estructuras gerenciales claramente tecnocr?ticas y patrimonialistas. La competencia jur?dica sobre el licenciamiento de actividades con riesgo de contaminaci?n, alzada nacional y estadual en Brasil y en otros pa?ses estudiados, con perspectiva sectorial y disciplinaria, en la cual la industria es siempre vista como factor positivo, no alcanza el problema como fen?meno territorializado, con implicaciones en el uso actual y futuro de las localidades. El estudio en cuesti?n propone nuevas directrices para el tratamiento de ?reas contaminadas, con destaque a la integraci?n gerencial de los niveles de gobierno, el acceso a la informaci?n y acompa?amiento de la sociedad. Se elaboraron a partir del an?lisis de diversas ocurrencias de contaminaci?n, observ?ndose las causas, efectos, agentes y, principalmente, la postura adoptada por los gestores p?blicos, en particular los municipales, pues son los responsables directos por la regulaci?n del territorio, a trav?s de la legislaci?n de uso y ocupaci?n del suelo en el espacio municipal. / A quest?o das ?reas contaminadas representa um problema que tem aumentado nas ultimas d?cadas. A identifica??o de in?meras contamina??es ? antigas e recentes - no solo e meio h?drico tem afetado a popula??o, ocasionado in?meros problemas de sa?de, e ao meio ambiente, com o comprometimento da flora e a fauna. Al?m disso, atividades econ?micas, executadas tanto no espa?o urbano e rural, tem sido prejudicadas pela justaposi??o dos meios de produ??o industrial que geram diversos tipos de contamina??es. As a??es executadas pelos gestores p?blicos, n?o tem acompanhado a amplitude e a expans?o dos casos j? detectados. Geralmente o papel exercido pelos gestores p?blicos, em especial o poder municipal, tem sido marcado por uma grande leni?ncia e que ? evocada a partir de suas estruturas gerenciais claramente tecnocr?ticas e patrimonialistas. A compet?ncia jur?dica sobre o licenciamento de atividades com risco de contamina??o, al?ada nacional e estadual no Brasil e em outros pa?ses estudados, com perspectiva setorial e disciplinar, na qual a ind?stria ? sempre vista como fator positivo, n?o alcan?a o problema enquanto fen?meno territorializado, com implica??es no uso atual e futuro das localidades. O estudo em quest?o prop?e novas diretrizes para o tratamento de ?reas contaminadas, com destaque ? integra??o gerencial dos n?veis de governo, o acesso ? informa??o e acompanhamento da sociedade. Foram elaboradas a partir da an?lise de diversas ocorr?ncias de contamina??o, observando-se as causas, efeitos, agentes e, principalmente, a postura adotada pelos gestores p?blicos, em particular os municipais, pois s?o os respons?veis diretos pela regula??o do territ?rio, atrav?s da legisla??o de uso e ocupa??o do solo no espa?o municipal.

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