In business-to-business logistical sourcing events, companies regularly use a bidding process known as tendering in the procurement of transportation services from third-party providers. Usually in the form of an auction involving a single buyer and one or more sellers, the buyer must make decisions regarding with which suppliers to partner and how to distribute the transportation lanes and volume among its suppliers; this is equivalent to solving the optimization problem commonly referred to as the Winner Determination Problem. In order to take into account the complexities inherent to the procurement problem, such as considering a supplier’s network, economies of scope, and the inclusion of business rules and preferences on the behalf of the buyer, we present the development of a mixed-integer linear program to model the reverse combinatorial auction for logistical tenders.

Sveriges befolkning fortsätter att öka och en majoritet av Sveriges kommuner anger att deupplever en bostadsbrist. För att bemöta behovet av fler bostäder finns därför ett behov avfortsatt exploatering av kommunal mark där kommunernas process för tilldelning av mark tillbyggherrar benämns markanvisning. Fram tills 2015 har detta dock varit oreglerat vilket ocksåhar lett till stora variationer i anvisningsprocessen mellan kommunerna och få studier hargenomförts inom området.Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva markanvisningsprocessen i olika kommuner med fokuspå transparensen i utvärderingen av anbud samt vilken logik som styr detta. Målet är attdiskutera olika tillvägagångssätt inklusive dess förutsägbarhet och transparens med avstamp itidigare studier samt teorier för den rationella beslutsprocessen. Det empiriska materialetsamlades primärt in via intervjuer med respondenter från utvalda kommuner i kombinationmed information från offentliga styrdokument.Studiens resultat bekräftar de variationer mellan kommunerna som tidigare identifierats menger en ny inblick i hur utvärderingsprocesserna genomförs i praktiken. I studien föreslås enalternativ kategorisering av anvisningsmetoder samtidigt som resultaten visar på en generellotydlighet och brist på standardiserade utvärderingsprocesser. Avsaknaden av generellariktlinjer försämrar transparensen mot aktörer på marknaden och en trend att övergå till meriterativa beslutsprocesser minskar även förutsägbarheten. För att förbättra dessa aspekterinom markanvisningsprocessen krävs ytterligare forskning som studerar de kommunalaförutsättningarna, ökad kunskapsspridning och erfarenhetsutbyte tillsammans med endiskussion kring lämpliga metoder för att uppnå den största samhällsekonomiska nyttan. / The population in Sweden continues to increase and a majority of the municipalities state thatthey are experiencing a housing shortage. To meet the need for more housing, there isconsequently a need for continued exploitation of municipal land, where the municipalities'process for allocating land to builders is called land allocation. However, until 2015 this hasbeen unregulated, which has also led to large variations in the allocation process between themunicipalities and few studies have been carried out in the field.The purpose of this study is to describe the land allocation process in different municipalitieswith a focus on transparency in the tender evaluation and the logic that governs this. The aimis to discuss different approaches including its predictability and transparency with regard toprevious studies and theories for the rational decision-making process. The empirical materialwas collected primarily through interviews with respondents from selected municipalities incombination with information from public control documents.The results of the study confirm the variations between the municipalities, which werepreviously identified, but give a new insight into how the evaluation processes are implementedin practice. The study proposes an alternative categorization of allocation methods, while theresults show a general lack of clarity and standardized evaluation processes. The lack of generalguidelines reduces transparency towards market actors and a trend towards more iterativedecision-making processes also reduces predictability. In order to improve these aspects withinthe land allocation process, further research is needed which studies the municipal conditions,increased knowledge dissemination and exchange of experience together with a discussionabout suitable methods for achieving the highest socio-economic benefit.

Цель работы – на основании проблем и потребностей предприятия, связанных с закупочной деятельностью, модернизировать бизнес-процессы по работе с тендерными закупками с помощью внедрения системы автоматизации закупочной деятельности. Для достижения цели были обозначены следующие задачи: изучить рынок систем автоматизации закупочной деятельности; проанализировать проблемы бизнес-процессов на предприятии, связанных с закупочной деятельностью; провести моделирование бизнес-процесса по работе с закупками «AS-IS» и «TO-BE»; осуществить планирование проекта по внедрению ИС на предприятии в соответствии с проблемами и потребностями предприятия; разработать техническое задание для внедрения ИС на предприятии; рассчитать экономическую эффективность от внедрения ИС на предприятии. Результат работы – представлено ТЗ на внедрение ИС для отдела разработки компании-поставщику (далее – САЗД), внедрение которой способно оптимизировать трудозатраты и сократить финансовые затраты. Вклад автора в проект: участие во внедрение системы автоматизированного проектирования как бизнес-аналитика компании-интегратора, написание технического задания на внедрение системы, проведение функционального тестирования системы. / The purpose of the work is based on the problems and needs of the enterprise related to procurement activities, to modernize business processes for working with tender purchases through the introduction of a procurement automation system. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were identified: to study the market of procurement automation systems; to analyze the problems of business processes at the enterprise related to procurement activities; to model the business process for working with purchases "AS-IS" and "TO-BE"; to plan a project for the implementation of IP at the enterprise in accordance with the problems and needs of the enterprise; to develop a technical task for the implementation of IP at the enterprise; to calculate the economic efficiency of the implementation of IP at the enterprise. The result of the work is the submission of a technical specification for the implementation of an IP for the development department of the supplier company (hereinafter referred to as SAZD), the implementation of which can optimize labor costs and reduce financial costs. The author's contribution to the project: participation in the implementation of a computer-aided design system as a business analyst of an integrator company, writing a technical task for the implementation of the system, conducting functional testing of the system.

No description available.

This thesis focuses on the issues related to the requirements of the contracting authority contained in the tender documents of public works contracts. In the first part, the basic concepts of public procurement are explained, where most attention is devoted to particular tender documents. The second part deals with the situation of public procurement in the Czech Republic, during the years following the opinion of the newly released energy efficient buildings. A case study is used to determine whether the use of economic net present value (NPV), as the evaluation criteria for the selected public order.

The issue solved in this thesis is the procedure for the award of public contract with extensive subject matter of the construction works. In accordance with assumed level of fulfillment, over limit public order is awarded in open procedure. Afterwards, the analysis of submitted bids from contenders was created in parallel with an assessment of the impacts, which have occurred during the implementation of the fulfilling of the public contract. The thesis is examined from the perspective of the Act No. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Procurement, as amended. Future recommendation is the establishment of new amendment to that Act, with the aim to increase the evaluation criterion of economic advantageousness of tenders.

In the mid 1990s a previous prohibitions against multi-story buildings higher than two floors with a wooden frame was changed. Today multi-storey buildings are being built in Skellefteå, Sundsvall, Växjö, and Stockholm with others. Despite this only one of five houses being built today has a wooden frame. Since the municipality is a key force to get projects with wooden frames, this papers purpose is to improve tender document for the opportunity to submit bids and building with wooden frames. To help us forward with our work three questions were formulated. 1) What is the basis from a wooden constructions company perspective, of which they determines if they can place a bid or not? 2) What is the difference between tender documents made by a municipality compared to a private buyer? 3) How can tender documents be improved to create an opportunity to place a bid containing an alternative frame system? To answer these questions a literature study was carried out. The literature study is the basis of this paper. To obtain empirical data a document analysis of tender documents was carried out. The result of the study shows that wood frames are hard to adapt to an already finished technical specification, or to a tender document containing an extensive technical specification. To obtain alternative solutions, the buyer should focus on object design, form and function, or a general technical specification. Instead the technical specifications should be drawn up by the supplier, or in collaboration with them. The tender evaluation should be made by the most economically advantageous rather then the lowest price. Then the buyer can evaluate the offers against each other, rather then choosing the lowest price. This also gives the possibility for suppliers to make a bid containing an alternative solution. As a continuation of this paper, we recommend a study on which impact a general technical specification has on the project final cost.  Furthermore a study exploring which possibilities partner procurement can have alternative solutions in the Swedish procurement act. This report deal exclusively with how tender documents should be formulated. Life cycle analysis, carbon dioxide emissions and strength calculations will not be executed.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Management Studies / Master / Master of Business Administration

<p>Uppdragsgivare för detta examensarbete är Skanska Sverige AB Region Stora Projekt, som arbetar med stora bro- och anläggningsprojekt. Störst behov ligger i att få ökad kunskap om de <em>Allmänna</em>i projekten. Arbetet med anbudskalkyler innebär att förutse projektkostnader och kostnaderna <em>Allmänna kostnader</em> utgör en betydande del av projektets totalkostnad och är svårkalkylerade. Generellt uttryckt utgör denna post de byggkostnader som används gemensamt i projektet. Nyckeltal komprimerar information i syfte att göra den mer lättillgänglig för användaren.</p><p>Syftet med denna rapport är att få fram nyckeltal tänkta att i första hand användas till att kvalitetssäkra kommande anbudsarbeten.</p><p>Det material och data som rapporten baseras på är intern information om referensprojekten och slutrapporter.</p><p>För två av resurserna kan nyckeltal presenteras, samma gäller för en tredje baserat på att referensprojekten har liknande utförande. Det är rimligt för en fjärde. De resterande är för objektsspecifika och det finns för lite underliggande data för att kunna dra någon slutsats. För dessa krävs det fler referensprojekt för att kunna få fram tillförlitlig data.</p> / <p>The taskmaster for this thesis is Skanska Sverige AB Region Stora Projekt, who works with large bridge- and construction projects. Greatest need is to enhance the understanding of the <em>General costs</em> of the projects. Tender calculation means to predict project costs and <em>General costs </em>are a significant part of the project's total cost and is difficult to calculate. This post is, broadly expressed, the construction costs that are used jointly in the project. Ratios compress information in order to make it more accessible to the user.</p><p><p>The purpose of this report is to present ratios primarily intended to be used to quality-assure future tender work.</p><p>The material and data to which the report is based on is internal information about the reference projects and their final reports.</p><p>For two of the resources ratios can be presented, the same applies to a third based on that the reference projects have similar design. It is reasonable for a fourth. The remainder is too object-specific and there is little underlying data to draw any conclusions. For these require more reference projects in order to obtain reliable data.</p></p>