Thesis (MA)--Macquarie University, Institute of Early Childhood. / Includes bibliographical references. / Introduction -- Literature review -- A brief history of Utopia's art production; its place in the indigenous art movement -- The role of the wholesaler -- The retail sector -- Report on survey of the buyers of indigenous art -- Emily Kame Kngwarreye -- Authenticity -- Conclusion. / Summary: The thesis focuses on marketing art from the Aboriginal community, Utopia, where the majority of artists, and the best known artists, are women. It documents methods by which the art moves from the community to retail art outlets; it includes detailed documentation of marketing in the retail sector and also includes research into the buying of indigenous art by private buyers. -- Emily Kame Kngwarreye is the best known of the Utopia painters. The study proposes reasons for her success and points to further questions beyond the scope of this study. Problems inherent in criticism and editing of her work are raised and interpreted in the context of the marketplace. -- The original thesis plan did not include detailed discussion about authorship. However, in 1997 the media reported controversy about authorship of a prize-winning work. As such controversy must affect marketing, this topic (as it relates to this artist), was included. -- Although possibilities for improvement in marketing methods have become apparent as a result of this research, areas where further research would be beneficial have also become apparent. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 265, [48] p

Nas ultimas décadas, a sociologia começou a mudar a sua analise sobre o mundo rural e a repensar os temas da sociedade rural latino-americana. Uma das razões, é que o espaço rural não pode mais ser caracterizado exclusivamente pelas atividades agropecuárias. A análise territorial não deixa de lado as dinâmicas sociais e de produção agrária que se desenvolvem no território, mas não faz delas o seu eixo exclusivo. A ruptura entre o rural e o agrário que permite esta analise, possibilita redescobrir fenômenos existentes na sociedade rural latino-americana, para, assim, pensar nos desafios atuais. Então, a unidade de analise desta tese é a ocupação não agrícola, de famílias que vivem em municípios inseridos em territórios de baixa densidade populacional. Nesses municípios, analisam-se os dados acerca da dinâmica das ocupações, a organização produtiva local, os dados da situação do desenvolvimento social e as formas de ocupação do território. O estudo da dinâmica das ocupações nos territórios de baixa densidade populacional, apresentado possibilita compreender as relações com o desenvolvimento social do território e a diversificação das ocupações como expressão da dinâmica do modelo produtivo desenvolvido no mesmo. O qual é capaz de integrar as demandas do mercado externo, de articular os diferentes interesses dos atores produtivos, criando redes institucionais capazes de gerar espaços de interação com o Estado, que desenvolve política pública, promove o contexto material (infra-estrutura) e institucional (organizacional), para produzir as condições para o dinamismo produtivo e a diversificação das ocupações. / During the last decades, the sociology has begun to change the analysis about the rural world and rethink its issues upon the rural society in Latin America. One of the reasons is that the rural space cannot be characterized only by the agricultural activities. The territorial analysis does not leave aside the social dynamics and agricultural production that is developed inside the territory, but doesn’t make them its unique axis. The break down between the rural and the agrarian matter that gives this review, allows the rediscovering of the phenomena that exists in the Latin American rural society, and then think about the current challenges. So, the analysis unit of this thesis is the non-agricultural occupation of families living in municipalities included in areas of low population density. In these municipalities we analyze the data about the dynamics of occupations, the local productive organization, the data of the situation of social development and the forms of occupation of the territory. The study of the dynamics of occupation in the territories of low population density presented, allows the understanding of the relationship between the social development of the territory and the diversification of the occupations as an expression of the dynamics of the productive model developed on it. This view is valid to integrate the demands of the external market, to articulate the interests of different productive actors, creating institutional networks capable of generating spaces for interaction with the state that develops public policy, promotes the material background (infrastructure) and institutional (organizational), all together to produce the conditions for a productive dynamics and diversification of productive occupations.

Nas ultimas décadas, a sociologia começou a mudar a sua analise sobre o mundo rural e a repensar os temas da sociedade rural latino-americana. Uma das razões, é que o espaço rural não pode mais ser caracterizado exclusivamente pelas atividades agropecuárias. A análise territorial não deixa de lado as dinâmicas sociais e de produção agrária que se desenvolvem no território, mas não faz delas o seu eixo exclusivo. A ruptura entre o rural e o agrário que permite esta analise, possibilita redescobrir fenômenos existentes na sociedade rural latino-americana, para, assim, pensar nos desafios atuais. Então, a unidade de analise desta tese é a ocupação não agrícola, de famílias que vivem em municípios inseridos em territórios de baixa densidade populacional. Nesses municípios, analisam-se os dados acerca da dinâmica das ocupações, a organização produtiva local, os dados da situação do desenvolvimento social e as formas de ocupação do território. O estudo da dinâmica das ocupações nos territórios de baixa densidade populacional, apresentado possibilita compreender as relações com o desenvolvimento social do território e a diversificação das ocupações como expressão da dinâmica do modelo produtivo desenvolvido no mesmo. O qual é capaz de integrar as demandas do mercado externo, de articular os diferentes interesses dos atores produtivos, criando redes institucionais capazes de gerar espaços de interação com o Estado, que desenvolve política pública, promove o contexto material (infra-estrutura) e institucional (organizacional), para produzir as condições para o dinamismo produtivo e a diversificação das ocupações. / During the last decades, the sociology has begun to change the analysis about the rural world and rethink its issues upon the rural society in Latin America. One of the reasons is that the rural space cannot be characterized only by the agricultural activities. The territorial analysis does not leave aside the social dynamics and agricultural production that is developed inside the territory, but doesn’t make them its unique axis. The break down between the rural and the agrarian matter that gives this review, allows the rediscovering of the phenomena that exists in the Latin American rural society, and then think about the current challenges. So, the analysis unit of this thesis is the non-agricultural occupation of families living in municipalities included in areas of low population density. In these municipalities we analyze the data about the dynamics of occupations, the local productive organization, the data of the situation of social development and the forms of occupation of the territory. The study of the dynamics of occupation in the territories of low population density presented, allows the understanding of the relationship between the social development of the territory and the diversification of the occupations as an expression of the dynamics of the productive model developed on it. This view is valid to integrate the demands of the external market, to articulate the interests of different productive actors, creating institutional networks capable of generating spaces for interaction with the state that develops public policy, promotes the material background (infrastructure) and institutional (organizational), all together to produce the conditions for a productive dynamics and diversification of productive occupations.

Научная новизна исследования заключается в формулировке методических положений по совершенствованию привлекательности территории, которые могут применяться градообразующим предприятием при разработке коммуникационной политики. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в возможности использования разработанной концепции коммуникационной политики и предложенных мероприятий по повышению привлекательности территории. Для совершения будущей оценки эффективности предложенных мероприятий запланированы показатели достижения цели и задач коммуникационной политики компании «Газпром Добыча Надым» по повышению привлекательности города на 3 года. / The scientific novelty of the research lies in the formulation of methodological provisions for improving the attractiveness of the territory, which can be applied by the city-forming enterprise in the development of communication policy. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the developed concept of communication policy and the proposed measures to increase the attractiveness of the territory. In order to make a future assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed measures, indicators of achieving the goals and objectives of the communication policy of Gazprom Dobycha Nadym to increase the attractiveness of the city for 3 years are planned.

Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om revirstorleken påverkar den reproduktiva framgången hos lövsångarhanar. Datan samlades in i södra Sverige mellan 1984 och 1988 och består av etableringsdatum av revir, revirstorlek, antal partners (en eller ingen), datum för parning, antal ägg i kullen och antal flygga ungar. Det fanns inget samband mellan revirets storlek och de olika variablerna. Inte heller fanns det något samband mellan revirstorlek och hanens ålder när samma individ följdes över tid. Det fanns inget samband mellan revirstorlek och huruvida hanarna parades eller inte. Sammanfattningsvis påverkar inte revirstorleken hanens reproduktiva framgång. Istället finns det andra faktorer som troligtvis påverkar, som revirets kvalitet (t.ex. föda och predatorskydd), hanens ankomsttid, hanens sångrepertoar, hanens ålder samt föräldrarnas kondition. / The aim of this study was to examine if territory size of Willow Warbler males affects reproductive success. The data were collected in the south of Sweden between 1984 and 1988 and consist of date of establishing territory, territory size, number of partners (one or none), date of pairing, number of laid eggs and number of fledglings. There were no relationships between territory size and the different variables, nor was there a relationship between age of the male and territory size when following the same individual over time. There was also no relationship between territory size and whether or not the males reproduced or not. In summary, I could find no relationship between territory size and male reproductive success. Instead, other factors are likely to affect reproductive success, such as territory quality (i.e., abundance of food, safety from predation), male time of arrival, male song repertoire, male age and the body condition of the male and his partner.

The biocultural heritage and diversity of localised food systems are resources that some communities, governments and other actors are mobilising to pursue their development objectives. However, further understanding is needed to determine how regimes of access and benefit surrounding this collectively held heritage are affected by its use in development projects. This dissertation examines rural development involving interventions in the food systems of the Central Valley of Tarija, Bolivia, and the ripple effects on the people who depend on these systems for their survival as producers, intermediaries and consumers. Core themes relate to personal histories and experiences of change and continuity in household economies and diet, and the role of biocultural heritage within localised food systems. These are examined in relation to processes of territorial construction and ordering through development programs and less planned processes of global and environmental change. Data were gathered through a food systems methodology, acknowledging the complex, interdependent relationships among production, transformation, exchange and consumption. The primary methods used were semi-structured interviews with local producers, intermediaries, consumers and government and non-governmental organisation key informants, complemented by participant observation, surveys, and document review. I found edible biocultural heritage to be a key resource in territorial projects seeking to alter current and future conditions of the Central Valley territory. From the 1970s onward, agricultural production possibilities available to research participant households have narrowed because of land enclosures, market integration, and other intersecting factors ultimately favouring transition towards commodity production (Chapter 2). Some smallholder viticulturalists, however, have incorporated grape production within multi-species agroecosystems to balance the risks and benefits of participation in the expanding commercial sector (Chapter 3). Edible biocultural heritage is being mobilised within multiple territorial projects in the Central Valley, including a gourmet project (Chapter 4) and an alternative food network around campesino gastronomic heritage (Chapter 5), with distinct ecological, economic and sociocultural implications. Whose heritage (or aspects of heritage) is carried forward and given precedence within development processes, and whose is rendered less viable and visible, has significant impacts on food systems’ form and function, the representations of local identity they manifest and the livelihood possibilities they entail. / February 2017

This dissertation explores the challenges posed by the materialities of oceans and other extraterritorial spaces to state capture and capital development. Utilizing theories emerging political geographers surrounding vertical and volume components of territory and theoretical engagements with materiality of non-terrestrial spaces, this research seeks to investigate entanglements of the geopolitical and geophysical in constructing and practicing (re)interpretations of territory and sovereignty, power and space. A focus on New Zealand and the South Pacific serves to unravel these cross scalar, dynamic categories of national territory and sovereignty in relation to the emerging political and social constructions of the deep sea, sea level, and air space, as well as the blurred and shifting boundaries of each. Contextualizing historical and regional contingencies of the spatial organizations of maritime space, this dissertation seeks to open up new ocean imaginaries and ontologies by making explicit the material, technical and political constructions that produce offshore territories.

Hay El-Tanak, Haouch et El-Masaken El-Chaabiyah sont trois quartiers squattés localisés dans la ville d'El-Mina, au nord du Liban. Cette ville côtière de forme péninsulaire fait partie de l'union d'Al-Fayhaa dont la municipalité principale est Tripoli. Les territoires squattés sont illicitement édifiés sur des terrains privés et prennent aussi la forme de bâtiments occupés par des ménages ne disposant d'aucun titre juridique. Les populations résidant dans ces territoires, dont le plus ancien date du début du 19ème siècle, souffrent d'aléas naturels et anthropiques dont les criticités sont distinctes au sein de chaque quartier. Face à ces vulnérabilités, les projets d'amélioration des conditions de vie demeurent très rares. Cette situation de précarité a suscité des questions sur le profil de santé des habitants. Ainsi, cette étude a été effectuée à une échelle ponctuelle et fine de ces quartiers favorisant l'exploration du profil de santé des femmes au cours de la phase périnatale et des enfants jusqu'à l'âge de cinq ans. Loin des caractéristiques intrinsèques des quartiers informels, le contexte géographique externe joue-t-il un rôle dans l'état de santé de ces habitants ? Existe-t-il une influence du système de soin de la ville et quels sont les autres acteurs urbains dont dépend l'état de santé actuel ?Par conséquent, une combinaison de méthodes d'analyse statistique et spatiale a été adoptée afin de répondre à la problématique posée. L'hypothèse relevée dans cette étude a été vérifiée en mettant en évidence un état de résilience partielle chez les habitants de territoires squattés de la ville malgré les aléas qui y existent. Avec le temps, les populations y résidant ont pu surmonter les hasards et acquérir des pratiques protectrices. Ainsi, au cours de la phase périnatale une grande proportion des femmes suit leur grossesse le fait qui a minimisé les complications comme les naissances prématurées, les accouchements difficiles et les mortalités néonatales précoces. En effet, les femmes priorisent la qualité de soin et les structures spécialisées au cours de cette période. Ces pratiques sont soutenues par l'offre multiple et la prise en charge des soins existant dans la ville d'El-Mina et de Tripoli dont les tissus urbains ont fini par se joindre. Plusieurs acteurs urbains contribuent dans la facilitation de l'accessibilité au soin dont les dispensaires, les hôpitaux, les médecins spécialistes, les organisations non gouvernementales, les associations caritatives religieuses et politiques. Cependant, pour les enfants âgés de moins de cinq ans, les résultats ont montré des prévalences élevées d'infections diarrhéiques, de fièvre et de toux. Les diarrhées accompagnées de fièvre sont corrélées à la qualité de l'eau consommée dans les quartiers squattés. Cette tranche d'âge souffre aussi de retards de vaccination. En fait, les mères rencontrées dans ces quartiers recherchent l'offre la moins chère pour avoir recours au soin de leurs enfants. Les disparités dans la forme et les niveaux de vulnérabilités entre les trois quartiers ciblés n'ont pas provoqué des différences significatives dans les prévalences des indicateurs de santé. De même, cette étude témoigne d'une plus-value apportée par la géographie dans l'évaluation de la santé des plus démunis de la société. L'exploration du rôle des acteurs urbains externes aux zones informelles et facilitant le recours au soin a aidé dans l'explication du profil de santé déclaré. Cependant, cette approche demeure qualitative et recommande le développement d'un système d'information géocodé et standardisé dirigé par le ministère de santé publique dans tous les centres de soin opérant au Liban / Hay El-Tanak, Haouch and El-Masaken El-Chaabiyah are three squatter settlements located in El-Mina city, Northern Lebanon and dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. This costal city, taking a peninsular form, is part of Al-Fayhaa Federation of Municipalities headed by Tripoli municipality. Squatter territories targeted in this study include settlements illicitly built on private lands and buildings occupied by households with no tenure rights. Populations residing in these territories suffer from nature and anthropogenic hazards which criticality varies in each settlement. Despite these vulnerabilities, upgrading projects of living conditions remain very rare. This precarious situation aroused many questions about the inhabitants' health profile. Therefore, the current research is realized on a punctual small scale of these settlements favoring the exploration of women's health profile during « perinatal » phase and children's health status until the age of five. Away from internal characteristics of informal settlements, does the external geographic context play a role in the health status of these populations? Is there any impact of the health care system of the city and what are the other urban actors influencing the actual health status of the inhabitants of squatter settlements? Consequently, a combination of statistical and spatial analyses methods are adopted in order to address the health profile of women and children. The hypothesis raised in this study was verified in bringing out a partial resilience situation of the inhabitants of the squatter settlements in spite of the existing hazards. Over time, the populations targeted could overcome the danger by acquiring protective behaviors. Therefore, during the “perinatal” phase a big proportion of women interviewed declared a regular monitoring of their pregnancy the fact that decreased the complications like premature births, complicated delivery, and early neonatal mortality. In fact, women living in these settlements prioritize the quality of care and specialized health centers during the “perinatal” period. These practices are supported by the multiple health offers and the financial aid existing in the cities of Tripoli and El-Mina. Many urban actors participate in facilitating the accessibility to health care including dispensaries, hospitals, doctors, non-governmental organizations, charity religious and political associations. However, for children under five, results showed that diarrhea, cough and fever infections marked high prevalence. Diarrhea accompanied with fever is correlated to the quality of water consumed in the three squatter settlements. In addition, this category of age suffers from delays in the immunization calendar. In fact, mothers met in these settlements search for the less expensive offer when it comes for their children's health care. Disparities between the settlements' urban form and levels of vulnerability didn't lead to significant statistical differences in the prevalence of health indicators amongst their inhabitants. As well, this study witnesses an added-value brought by geography in the evaluation of marginalized populations' health. The exploration of the role of urban actors facilitating the health care use helped in the explanation of declared health profile. Nevertheless, this approach remains qualitative and recommends the development of a geocoded and standardized information system managed by the ministry of public health in all the health care centers operating in Lebanon

Interroger les œuvres de Jean-Jacques Rousseau à partir de la notion de territoire permet de déterminer le sens, les bornes et l’unité de son « système » philosophique. Celui-ci s’organise autour du problème du territoire et des territoires. L’existence humaine est déterminée par le fait de la naissance sur un territoire moral et politique, fait qui est le lieu d’un hasard faisant exister d’un côté ou de l’autre d’une ligne de bipartition : d’un côté les patries, terres de liberté, d’égalité, de vertu et de félicité publique, de l’autre les territoires corrompus, où les hommes sont rendus esclaves, inégaux, vicieux et malheureux par de mauvaises institutions. Ce problème comprend quatre aspects principaux. Quelles sont les conditions de possibilité de la constitution d’une patrie ? Quelles sont les conditions de possibilité de la conservation de la patrie face au danger des relations entre territoires ? Comment vivre dans un territoire corrompu lorsqu’on est né dans une patrie ? Comment les hommes nés dans un territoire corrompu peuvent y vivre sans être corrompus et le réformer pour qu’il devienne une patrie ? Ce système s’étend des écrits du jeune Rousseau, poète et musicien, d’avant « l’Illumination de Vincennes » jusqu’aux œuvres « autobiographiques » du vieux Jean-Jacques solitaire, en passant par les ouvrages « politiques » du Rousseau de la maturité, et il englobe ces écrits dans une philosophie politique de la réforme, dont l’unité réside dans la volonté d’œuvrer à la réforme du monde par la production d’une œuvre guidée par l’amour de la vertu et visant la réalisation du bonheur et de la liberté de ses semblables. / Questioning the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau through the concept of territory allows us to determine the meaning, the boundaries and the unity of his philosophical “system”. This system is organized around the problem of territory and territories. Human existence is determined by the fact of being born on a moral and political territory, the fact of it being a random place making one exist on one side of a division line or the other: on one side the countries (“patries”): lands of liberty, equality, virtue and public felicity; and on the other side the corrupt territories: where men are enslaved, made unequal, vicious and unhappy by bad institutions. This problem contains four main aspects. What are the conditions which allow the constitution of a country? What are the conditions which allow the conservation of the country in front of the danger of the relations between territories? How to live in a corrupt territory when you were born in a country? How can men, who were born in a corrupt territory, live there without becoming corrupt and reform it in order to turn it into a country? This system is present throughout the writings of the young Rousseau poet and musician before the “Illumination of Vincennes’’ up to the “autobiographical” writings of the old solitary Jean-Jacques, passing through the “political” writings of the mature Rousseau and it also unifies these writings in a political philosophy of reforming, in which unity resides in the will to work on reforming the world through the production of writings guided by love of virtue and aiming at the realization of happiness and liberty of his fellow men.

In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase doubled the territory of the fledgling United States. Taking control of and defending the new territory, especially the culturally heterogeneous city of New Orleans occupied much of the administration's time. Most of the burden for establishing the defense policy rested on William C. C. Claiborne, a staunch Jeffersonian, former member of Congress from Tennessee, and previous governor of the Mississippi Territory. By working with local business leaders with a stake in American success, observing the local customs and traditions, and gradually encouraging political participation, Claiborne successfully introduced the American militia system to a culture far different from that of his native Virginia. Claiborne's policies reduced the likelihood that local dissidents and foreign powers such as Spain and Great Britain could conspire to subvert American government in Louisiana by rebellion and invasion.