O objeto deste trabalho é estudar o emprego de textos literários e a forma como eles são aproveitados no ensino de Português-Língua Estrangeira (PLE). Para tanto, apoiamo-nos nos fundamentos teóricos da abordagem comunicativa, da leitura e da enunciação a fim de investigar os potenciais pedagógicos do texto literário na sala de aula e nos livros didáticos de PLE. Com base em uma pesquisa feita com estudantes estrangeiros, pudemos detectar suas expectativas quanto à utilização de textos da literatura brasileira nas aulas, bem como suas representações lingüísticas, aí incluída a apropriação de elementos culturais, confirmando a relevância da contribuição desses textos no ensino de PLE. E, a partir da análise do emprego de textos literários e exercícios de compreensão em quatro materiais didáticos, observamos também que tais livros não podem suprir todas as expectativas dos alunos em razão de sua própria natureza didática, descontextualizada da interação autor-texto-leitor original. Como resultado, pudemos confirmar que o bom aproveitamento dos textos literários no ensino de PLE não está simplesmente no seu emprego como um pretexto em sala de aula ou nos manuais, mas no tratamento dado a eles, tendo em vista o seu caráter literário. / The objective of this paper is to study the employment of the literary texts and how they are exploited in the teaching of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL). For that purpose, we followed the theoretical line of the communicative approach of reading and utterance-act in order to inspect the pedagogical potential of the literary text in the classroom and in PFL\'s textbooks. In a survey involving foreign students, we were able to detect their expectations in relation to the application of texts of the Brazilian literature in the classes, as well as their linguistic representations, including the appropriation of cultural elements, confirming the relevant contribution of these texts in PFL\'s teaching. And, after analysing the employment of the literary texts and the exercises of comprehension in four types of textbooks, we observed that these books are not able to fill all the students\' expectations due to the own educational nature of these materials, decontextualized from the original authortext- reader interaction. As a result, we were able to confirm that the effective utilization of the literary texts in PFL\'s teaching does not merely depend on its employment as an excuse in the classroom or in the manuals, but on the treatment given to them, in view of their literary quality.

This thesis studies how sick leave legitimacy is managed in interaction and develops an empirically driven conceptualization of ‘legitimacy work’. The thesis applies an ethnomethodological framework that draws on conversation analysis, discursive psychology, and membership categorization analysis. Naturally occurring interaction is examined in two settings: (1) multi-party meetings at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency, in which participants assess and discuss the ‘status’ of the sick leave and plan for work rehabilitation; (2) peer-based online text-in-interaction in a Swedish forum thread that gathers people on sick leave. The thesis shows how mental states, activities and alternative categories function as resources for legitimacy work. However, such invocations are no straight-forward matter, but impose additional contingencies. It is thus crucial how they are invoked. By detailed analyses of the interaction, with attention to aspects such as lexicality and delivery, the thesis identifies a range of discursive features that manage sick leave legitimacy. Deployed resources are also subtle enough to be deniable as legitimacy work, that is, they also manage the risk of an utterance being seen as invested or biased. While legitimate sick leave is a core concern for Swedish policy-making, administration, and public debate on sick leave, previous research has for the most part been explanatory in orientation, minding legitimacy rather than studying it in its own right. By providing detailed knowledge about the legitimacy work that people on long-term sick leave do as part of both institutional and mundane encounters, the thesis contributes not only new empirical knowledge, but a new kind of empirical knowledge, shedding light on how the complexities of sick leave play out in real-life situations. Traditional sociological approaches have to a significant extent treated legitimacy as an entity with beginnings and ends that in more or less direct ways relate to external norms and cognitive states, or that focus on institutions, authority or government. By contrast, the herein emerging concept ‘legitimacy work’ understands legitimacy as a locally contingent practicality – a collaborative categorially oriented accomplishment that is integral to the interactional situation.

O objeto deste trabalho é estudar o emprego de textos literários e a forma como eles são aproveitados no ensino de Português-Língua Estrangeira (PLE). Para tanto, apoiamo-nos nos fundamentos teóricos da abordagem comunicativa, da leitura e da enunciação a fim de investigar os potenciais pedagógicos do texto literário na sala de aula e nos livros didáticos de PLE. Com base em uma pesquisa feita com estudantes estrangeiros, pudemos detectar suas expectativas quanto à utilização de textos da literatura brasileira nas aulas, bem como suas representações lingüísticas, aí incluída a apropriação de elementos culturais, confirmando a relevância da contribuição desses textos no ensino de PLE. E, a partir da análise do emprego de textos literários e exercícios de compreensão em quatro materiais didáticos, observamos também que tais livros não podem suprir todas as expectativas dos alunos em razão de sua própria natureza didática, descontextualizada da interação autor-texto-leitor original. Como resultado, pudemos confirmar que o bom aproveitamento dos textos literários no ensino de PLE não está simplesmente no seu emprego como um pretexto em sala de aula ou nos manuais, mas no tratamento dado a eles, tendo em vista o seu caráter literário. / The objective of this paper is to study the employment of the literary texts and how they are exploited in the teaching of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL). For that purpose, we followed the theoretical line of the communicative approach of reading and utterance-act in order to inspect the pedagogical potential of the literary text in the classroom and in PFL\'s textbooks. In a survey involving foreign students, we were able to detect their expectations in relation to the application of texts of the Brazilian literature in the classes, as well as their linguistic representations, including the appropriation of cultural elements, confirming the relevant contribution of these texts in PFL\'s teaching. And, after analysing the employment of the literary texts and the exercises of comprehension in four types of textbooks, we observed that these books are not able to fill all the students\' expectations due to the own educational nature of these materials, decontextualized from the original authortext- reader interaction. As a result, we were able to confirm that the effective utilization of the literary texts in PFL\'s teaching does not merely depend on its employment as an excuse in the classroom or in the manuals, but on the treatment given to them, in view of their literary quality.

Det här är ett examensarbete i informationsdesign, med inriktning på textdesign. Syftet är att undersöka sätt att använda text för att förstärka och förtydliga den bildbaserade kommunikationen på Instagram. Svenskt barnbildarkiv (SBBA) är ett unikt och växande arkiv som arbetar enbart med teckningar och andra bilder gjorda av barn mellan 0–20 år. Arkivet är viktigt för bevarande av barns kulturarv. Det utgör också en värdefull ursprungskälla för forskare av alla slag, och kan också användas till exempel för undervisning i skolan. Om bara de möjliga användarna visste om arkivet och dess möjligheter. Därav designproblemet: Hur ska SBBA kommunicera för att nå och intressera nya användare?  Denna studie är begränsad till användningen av Instagram, som är en av de digitala kommunikationskanalerna som används av SBBA. Deras befintliga konto på Instagram har få följare och låg interaktion med användare. I studien används teorier inom semiotik, kommunikationsteori, visuell perception och forskning om relationen mellan text och bild för att designa nya, alternativa sätt för SBBA att kommunicera effektivt. Fokus är att fånga målgruppernas uppmärksamhet och intresse via Instagram. Metoderna som använts för att skapa prototyper är intervjuer, deltagande design, omvärldsanalys och prototyptestning. Designförslaget för kommunikation på Instagram består av bilder med text i samspel med barnteckningar. Det inkluderar även kontextuella detaljer och det fysiska arkivets miljö för att fånga målgruppernas intresse. Resultaten visar att obekanta och överraskande bilder är effektiva för att fånga användarnas blick, och att text är till hjälp för att lägga till nödvändig information för att behålla och engagera en intresserad användare. / This study is a bachelor thesis in the field of Information design with focus on Text design. It aims to investigate ways of using text to enhance and clarify the picture-based communication on Instagram. Svenskt barnbildarkiv (SBBA) is a unique and ever growing achive exclusively for drawings and other pictures made by children aged 0–20 years. The archive is important for the preservation of children’s cultural heritage. It does also make up a valuable primary source for researchers of any kind, and can be used for purposes like primary school education. If only the possible users would know of the archive and its possibilities. Hence the design problem: How do SBBA communicate to reach and interest new users?  This study is limited to the use of Instagram, which is one of the digital communication channels used by SBBA. Their existing account on Instagramhas few followers and low interaction with users. This study uses theories within semiotics, communication theory, visual perception and research on the relation between text and images to design new, alternative ways for SBBA to communicate efficiently. The focus is to catch the attention and interest of the target groups via Instagram. The methods used to design the final prototype are interviews, participatory design, external analysis and prototype testing. The design proposal uses textual language in pictures in interplay with photos of children’s drawings. It also includes contextual details and the physical archive’s environment to catch the interest of the target groups. The results shows that unfamiliar and surprising pictures are effective in catching the user’s eye, and that text helps to add necessary information to retain and engage an interested user.