This dissertation is an examination of US-Guatemalan relations during the 1960's. At that time, the United States was promoting a major developmental program throughout Latin America: The Alliance for Progress. A "Marshall Plan for Latin America" the Alliance was meant to modernize the region by promoting democratic institutions, invigorating local economies, and expanding access to education and medical care. In Guatemala, however, anticommunist dogma prevailed over the lofty rhetoric of the Alliance for Progress. Instead of becoming the promised "showcase for democracy", Guatemala was transformed into a garrison-state engulfed in a long, violent civil war. This history will reconstruct these events and explain how even policies crafted with the best of intentions can end in tragedy.

Ce travail entendait examiner le fonctionnement de la sainteté dans la théologie politique biblique juive, et ce en se servant de la méthodologie sociologique (au sens large) à l'étude de la politique. L'objet de notre recherche n'est pas l'action de la Divinité, mais les actions des hommes qui agissent à partir d'une certaine représentation de la Divinité et de leurs relations face à elle. Notre étude a montré que la conception de la sainteté, telle qu'elle fut appréhendée dans la recherche (chez Durkheim, Otto, Eliade, James, Underhill, Zehner, Comstock, Berger) ne permet pas d'expliquer la sainteté biblique. En effet, ces savants partagent tous l'axiome d'une séparation de la sainteté et du profane, ainsi que l'idée que le message religieux vise à transférer la sainteté, qui se limite elle-même, vers le profane, et ainsi à exercer ses effets sur ce qui l'entoure. Toutefois, comme l'a indiqué Dan, cette conception échoue à rendre compte de la pensée biblique parce que dans sa nature, la réalité ne se divise pas en deux domaines séparés, le profane et le saint. Notre étude a indiqué que l'idée de sainteté biblique dérive de l'idée d'alliance. Celle-ci, représentant le système des relations entre le transcendant et l'immanent, donne son impulsion à la dimension du politique, et reflète l'exigence adressée au peuple d'Israël de fonder une Histoire théocentrique sanctifiant l'espace public. La sainteté, qui est imposée à l'individu, s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une finalité à l'échelle collective exigeant tant de l'individu que du collectif un travail morale sur soi. Elle comprend une série de présuppositions philosophiques, qui concernent les relations matière-esprit et le rôle du libre choix. La finalité de la sainteté n'est donc pas individuelle, mais collective: elle est destinée à "produire" la sainteté collective d'une nation politique. Cette nation possède, selon le récit biblique, une finalité d'existence universelle. Ce travail contribue à mieux comprendre la philosophie politique biblique, et la place de la sainteté collective ainsi que ses effets sur les cérémonies, les institutions et la Constitution. Notre recherche aide également à mieux appréhender la notion de sainteté dans la mesure où la Bible oppose l'impureté à la sainteté et à la pureté, en elles-mêmes deux notions distinctes, tandis que le profane n'y joue qu'un rôle secondaire. / This research has examined the function of the concept of Holiness in biblical political theology, by using methodology from the fields of sociology (in its broadest sense) to study politics. The topic of this research is not the activity of God, but rather the activity of human beings in their relationship with the Divine. The research revealed that the concept of Holiness (in the thoughts of: Durkheim, Otto, Eliade, James, Underhill, Zehner, Comstock, Berger) does not fully explain Holiness is it appears in the Bible. These thinkers and authors share common assumptions that divided the Holy from the secular, and then posit that the Holy seeks to influence the secular, and the Gospel aims to bring the Holy toward the secular. However, as pointed out by Dan, their formulations do not reflect clearly the biblical thought because, in the Bible, reality does not split into two sections: Holy and secular. The concept of Holiness in the Bible, as this research has shown, emerges from the notion of covenant—i.e., reflecting a promised relationship between the transcendental and the immanent, stimulating the political realm, and animating a demand from "Am Israel" to establish theocentric history that consecrates the public space. This Holiness expects and demands intensive work by the individual as well as the collective to advance the understanding and practice of morals to the standards of the Holy. The biblical concept of Holiness includes a series of philosophical assumptions regarding the relationship between matter and spirit and the role of human free choice, but it is not purposed toward individual aims; rather, it establishes as the purpose of existence the creation of collective Holiness; first, nationally, and ultimately, universally. This paper contributes to the understanding of biblical political philosophy, and to a better grasp of the concept of collective Holiness, its place and its implications upon rituals, institutions and the Constitution. The research also contributes to the understanding of the concept of Holiness by examining the use of the term in the Bible, and pointing out that Impurity is the opposing term to both Purity and Holiness, and that all three of these terms have meaning separate and apart from what is considered to be within the concept of secular.

This article explains the implications and benefits of founding transdisciplinary collaborations of knowledge production in critical realism. We call such equal partnerships of researchers and practitioners knowledge alliances. Drawing on the distinction between the referent to which we refer (the object that our research is about) and our references (our research about this object), we show that practitioners can contribute to the process of knowledge production by providing access to referents and producing references but also by achieving societal relevance. In order to accomplish excellence, knowledge production should be organized in ways that engage different types of knowledge in a constructive interplay and use the respective strong points of researchers and practitioners. Abduction and retroduction, two modes of inference vital to critical realism, are particularly inclined to benefit from involving practitioners in knowledge production. We call such an approach potential-oriented and put it in contrast to problem-orientation and the empiricism of evidence-based research and policy-making.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-17T18:54:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Friedrich Sieringseg.pdf: 4292669 bytes, checksum: 083ce929411bb11c9eaaa0d36251842c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-24T11:41:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Friedrich Sieringseg.pdf: 4292669 bytes, checksum: 083ce929411bb11c9eaaa0d36251842c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T11:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Friedrich Sieringseg.pdf: 4292669 bytes, checksum: 083ce929411bb11c9eaaa0d36251842c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Essa dissertação procura estudar o processo de conquista e dominação dos povos indígenas no sertão da Capitania da Bahia, especificamente no sertão dos Maracás entre 1650 e 1701. No processo de enfrentamento dos indígenas as frentes coloniais tiveram de utilizar de diversos artifícios para compreender os grupos que se opunham tão ferozmente à conquista. Dentre estes artifícios foi necessário buscar a aliança entre os grupos silvícolas para combater-los, pois o processo colonial favoreceu a criação de alianças entre grupos indígenas tradicionalmente inimigos com o objetivo de se resistir à conquista e dominação dos portugueses. Tais alianças constituíam inovações do processo colonial, ao ocorrer tanto com os colonizadores (as muralhas do sertão), quanto entre os indígenas, resultando num processo de etnificação dos grupos indígenas que tanto podiam (re)elaborar as suas identidades dentro das aldeias no sertão, quanto nos aldeamentos do litoral. Nos dois casos o que estes grupos estão buscando é o resistir e o viver dentro da sociedade colonial. / Salvador

Introdução: A percepção do paciente sobre a relação com seu psicoterapeuta é determinante para a sua permanência em tratamento e para o sucesso da psicoterapia. Entretanto, pouco se tem investigado sobre quais fatores disponíveis na fase de avaliação para uma psicoterapia psicanalítica são indicadores de melhor aliança entre terapeuta e paciente. Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos e a aliança terapêutica, na percepção do paciente. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade da aliança terapêutica em pacientes adultos atendidos em psicoterapia psicanalítica em um ambulatório de saúde mental em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 118 pacientes que chegaram até a quarta ou quinta sessão de psicoterapia psicanalítica e foram avaliados pela escala Calpas – P. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que pacientes do sexo masculino tiverem média (6.44) significativamente menor (p=0.036) a das mulheres (6.66) na escala de avaliação e percepção do trabalho do terapeuta. Encontrou também que quanto maior a intensidade dos sintomas de psicoticismo menor a percepção de aliança na escala de comprometimento com o processo de psicoterapia (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que, no início da psicoterapia, gênero e severidade dos sintomas interferem na percepção da aliança terapêutica. Identificou-se que os pacientes homens percebem, em media, menor aliança na dimensão que se refere à compreensão e ao envolvimento do psicoterapeuta, independente do sexo deste. Isso indica, possivelmente, que homens tendem a considerar seus terapeutas com menor capacidade de entender seu ponto de vista e sofrimento, demonstrar aceitação sem julgamentos, dirigir-se ao ponto central de dificuldade, intervir com tato e no tempo certo, e mostrar real compromisso em ajudar e vencer os problemas. Pacientes com sintomas de psicoticismo mais severos apresentaram menor aliança na dimensão que avalia esforço do paciente em empreender uma mudança, boa vontade em fazer sacrifícios em relação ao tempo e ao dinheiro; visão da terapia como uma experiência importante; confiança na terapia e no terapeuta; participação na terapia, apesar de momentos de sofrimento; e compromisso de completar o processo terapêutico. Devido à complexidade do conceito de aliança terapêutica, mais pesquisas são necessárias, a fim de reforçar e demonstrar a influência de variáveis objetivas em seu desenvolvimento (fatores do paciente, do terapeuta e da interação da dupla). Os achados agregam importância à preparação técnica dos terapeutas, para poderem desenvolver melhores alianças com esse tipo de paciente, propiciando maior aderência ao tratamento. / Introduction: The patient's perception of the relationship with their therapist is determinant for their treatment adherence and for the success of psychotherapy. However, little has been investigated about which factors available at the evaluation stage for psychoanalytic psychotherapy are indicators of a better alliance between therapist and patient. Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and the therapeutic alliance in the patient's perception. Method: This work consists of a crosssectional study that evaluated the quality of the therapeutic alliance in adult patients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a mental health outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample was made up of 118 patients who had at least four or five sessions of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and were evaluated using the Calpas – P scale. Results: The study showed that male patients have average (6.44) significantly lower (p=0.036) than women (6.66) in the scale of evaluation scale and perception of the therapist‟s work. He also find that the intensity of the symptoms of psychoticism present lesser alliance in the scale of commitment with the psychotherapy process (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that, at beginning of psychotherapy, gender and severity of the patient‟s symptoms interfere with the perception of therapeutic alliance. It was identified that male patient‟s are, on average, worse at perceiving the alliance in the dimension that refers to therapist understanding and involvement regardless of gender this. This indicate, perhaps, that men tend to consider their therapists with less capacity to understand their point of view and suffering, show acceptance without judgment, address the key point of difficulty, intervene tactfully and timely and show commitment to helping and overcome the problems. Patients with more severe symptoms of psychoticism had lower alliance in the dimension that assess patient‟s effort in undertaking change, willingness to make sacrifices regarding time and money; having a vision of therapy as an important experience; confidence in therapy and in the therapist; engagement in therapy, despite moments of suffering; commitment to completing the therapeutic process. The alliance is a complex concept. This is why more research is necessary in order to reinforce and show the influence of objective variables on its development. Factors related to patient, therapist, and the interaction of the duo are worthy of attention. The findings add to the importance of therapists' technical preparation, so as to enable them to develop better alliances with this type of patient, thus allowing for a better adherence to treatment.

abstract: In this study I investigate the organizational mechanisms (pathways) through which strategic investors can help a firm improve performance. Many commercial banks in China have recently invited foreign banks as strategic investors since China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), hoping to gain managerial and technological knowhow from the foreign banks. Using Shanghai Pudong Development Bank as a representative example, I conduct an in-depth qualitative analysis about how the joining of Citi Bank as a strategic investor has helped the local Chinese bank improve its financial performance. On the basis of a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, I first develop a theoretical model that describes the organizational mechanisms (pathways) through which foreign strategic investors can influence the local bank’s performance. Specifically, by participation in corporate governance, the foreign strategic investor can have a positive influence over the local bank’s strategy development, operational targets, incentive systems, and organizational culture, which consequently lead to improvements in the local banks operations and financial performance. I then use a case study method to substantiate the logic and the pathways of the model with the detailed information collected from the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Citi Bank strategic alliance. The results are consistent with the model’s descriptive validity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015

abstract: This study examined the factor structure of supervisee disclosure in clinical supervision. An original survey measure was created for this study, the Supervisee Disclosure Scale (SDS). Through exploratory factor analysis eight specific content areas of supervisee disclosure were identified. The eight specific content areas of supervisee disclosure include: Perceived Clinical Inadequacy, Transference Issues, Strengths of the Supervisory Relationship, Clinical Successes, Self, Weaknesses of the Supervisory Bond, Dissatisfaction with the Clinical Setting, and Own Clinical Voice. Furthermore, this study examined the potential relationship of clinical experience with the content areas of supervisee disclosure. The results of this study support a relationship between greater clinical experience and disclosure of items related to Self but not with the other content areas. Additionally, the bi-level factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory/Supervision-Short (WAI-SS) was validated via confirmatory factor analysis. The bi-level factor structure of the WAI-SS identifies a hierarchical structure of general alliance in addition to the specific factors of task, bond, and goal. Lastly, this study preliminarily evaluated the relationship between WAI-SS factors of general alliance, task, bond, and goal and the preliminary specific content areas of supervisee disclosure. The hierarchical factor of general alliance was a statistically significant predictor for all specific content areas of supervisee disclosure. The preliminary findings of this study, highlight the important differences in the relationships among the specific factors of the supervisory working alliance and content areas of supervisee nondisclosure. The factor of task was not significantly correlated with content areas of supervisee disclosure and the factor of goal was only a significant predictor for two content areas of disclosure: Strengths of the Supervisory Relationship and Dissatisfaction with Clinical Setting. The factor of bond was significantly correlated with six content areas of supervisee disclosure and significantly predicted five content areas: Strengths of the Supervisory Relationship, Clinical Successes, Self, Weaknesses of the Supervisory Bond, and Dissatisfaction with the Clinical Setting. This study contributes specificity to the supervision literature on supervisee disclosure and nondisclosure. The results of this study provide a psychometrically sound foundation for future research to identify aspects of the supervisory working alliance that may reduce supervisee nondisclosure. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Counseling Psychology 2018

This article explores the implications of founding transdisciplinary collaborations of knowledge production in critical realism. We call such equal partnerships of researchers and practitioners knowledge alliances. Using the distinction between the referents that we refer to (what our research is about) and our references (our research about that), we show that practitioners can contribute to the process of knowledge production by providing access to referents and producing references but also by achieving relevance. Researchers and practitioners bring different types of knowledge. To become excellent, knowledge production should be organized in ways, which engage these different types in a constructive interplay. We call this approach potential-oriented, which we put in contrast to the empiricism of evidence-based research and policy-making. Our deliberate choice of the term potential-oriented reflects the shifts in philosophy suggested by critical realism, but also a sensitivity for how practitioners communicate and express themselves. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Introdução: A percepção do paciente sobre a relação com seu psicoterapeuta é determinante para a sua permanência em tratamento e para o sucesso da psicoterapia. Entretanto, pouco se tem investigado sobre quais fatores disponíveis na fase de avaliação para uma psicoterapia psicanalítica são indicadores de melhor aliança entre terapeuta e paciente. Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos e a aliança terapêutica, na percepção do paciente. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade da aliança terapêutica em pacientes adultos atendidos em psicoterapia psicanalítica em um ambulatório de saúde mental em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 118 pacientes que chegaram até a quarta ou quinta sessão de psicoterapia psicanalítica e foram avaliados pela escala Calpas – P. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que pacientes do sexo masculino tiverem média (6.44) significativamente menor (p=0.036) a das mulheres (6.66) na escala de avaliação e percepção do trabalho do terapeuta. Encontrou também que quanto maior a intensidade dos sintomas de psicoticismo menor a percepção de aliança na escala de comprometimento com o processo de psicoterapia (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que, no início da psicoterapia, gênero e severidade dos sintomas interferem na percepção da aliança terapêutica. Identificou-se que os pacientes homens percebem, em media, menor aliança na dimensão que se refere à compreensão e ao envolvimento do psicoterapeuta, independente do sexo deste. Isso indica, possivelmente, que homens tendem a considerar seus terapeutas com menor capacidade de entender seu ponto de vista e sofrimento, demonstrar aceitação sem julgamentos, dirigir-se ao ponto central de dificuldade, intervir com tato e no tempo certo, e mostrar real compromisso em ajudar e vencer os problemas. Pacientes com sintomas de psicoticismo mais severos apresentaram menor aliança na dimensão que avalia esforço do paciente em empreender uma mudança, boa vontade em fazer sacrifícios em relação ao tempo e ao dinheiro; visão da terapia como uma experiência importante; confiança na terapia e no terapeuta; participação na terapia, apesar de momentos de sofrimento; e compromisso de completar o processo terapêutico. Devido à complexidade do conceito de aliança terapêutica, mais pesquisas são necessárias, a fim de reforçar e demonstrar a influência de variáveis objetivas em seu desenvolvimento (fatores do paciente, do terapeuta e da interação da dupla). Os achados agregam importância à preparação técnica dos terapeutas, para poderem desenvolver melhores alianças com esse tipo de paciente, propiciando maior aderência ao tratamento. / Introduction: The patient's perception of the relationship with their therapist is determinant for their treatment adherence and for the success of psychotherapy. However, little has been investigated about which factors available at the evaluation stage for psychoanalytic psychotherapy are indicators of a better alliance between therapist and patient. Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and the therapeutic alliance in the patient's perception. Method: This work consists of a crosssectional study that evaluated the quality of the therapeutic alliance in adult patients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a mental health outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample was made up of 118 patients who had at least four or five sessions of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and were evaluated using the Calpas – P scale. Results: The study showed that male patients have average (6.44) significantly lower (p=0.036) than women (6.66) in the scale of evaluation scale and perception of the therapist‟s work. He also find that the intensity of the symptoms of psychoticism present lesser alliance in the scale of commitment with the psychotherapy process (r=0.231, p=0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that, at beginning of psychotherapy, gender and severity of the patient‟s symptoms interfere with the perception of therapeutic alliance. It was identified that male patient‟s are, on average, worse at perceiving the alliance in the dimension that refers to therapist understanding and involvement regardless of gender this. This indicate, perhaps, that men tend to consider their therapists with less capacity to understand their point of view and suffering, show acceptance without judgment, address the key point of difficulty, intervene tactfully and timely and show commitment to helping and overcome the problems. Patients with more severe symptoms of psychoticism had lower alliance in the dimension that assess patient‟s effort in undertaking change, willingness to make sacrifices regarding time and money; having a vision of therapy as an important experience; confidence in therapy and in the therapist; engagement in therapy, despite moments of suffering; commitment to completing the therapeutic process. The alliance is a complex concept. This is why more research is necessary in order to reinforce and show the influence of objective variables on its development. Factors related to patient, therapist, and the interaction of the duo are worthy of attention. The findings add to the importance of therapists' technical preparation, so as to enable them to develop better alliances with this type of patient, thus allowing for a better adherence to treatment.

This Master’s thesis examines the reasons for the failure of the Soviet advisers’ mission in Chinese warlord Feng Yuxiang’s army in 1925-1927. The USSR had strategic interests in Northern China and needed an ally to help it promote them. Soviet leadership chose prominent Chinese political and military leader Feng Yuxiang as one of its main allies in Northern China and sent advisers to help him strengthen and indoctrinate his army. This mission’s goals were to establish close relations with Feng and his officers, to influence the organizational and military planning of his army and to promote Soviet nationalist and ideological interests. However, the Soviet advisers did not succeed. This thesis focuses on the three main reasons of the mission’s failure: the advisers’ group’s political, ideological and internal problems. Chapter I examines Soviet strategic interests in North China as well as reasons for Soviet-Feng alliance. Chapter II discusses the conflicts between Feng and advisers that were caused by differences in their political views, strategic interests and plans for China’s future. It also focuses on the ideological differences between Feng and the Soviet advisers, including Feng’s disapproval of the communist ideology and the advisers’ disapproval of Feng’s use of Christianity to improve the discipline in his army. Finally, Chapter III discusses a factor that has long been neglected in other studies: the group’s internal problems. Indeed, insufficient preparation of the mission caused communicational and cultural issues on a personal level between the advisers and Feng Yuxiang’s officers. This thesis brings together information from previous works and uses rare documents from the Communist International archives. Declassified advisers’ reports and letters, in combination with personal memoires of the survived advisers, allow the study to research this topic in a new, more personal perspective. / Graduate / 2019-09-06