This thesis is a critical missiological analysis of Pentecostal mission, specifically of the Congo Evangelistic Mission (CEM) in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It investigates how CEM members have been interpreting and expressing the Christian message in and for the context of Katanga Province through their communal life, worship and mission since its inception in 1914. It also asks the methodological question of how such a Pentecostal mission could best be studied and evaluated missiologically. To carry out this investigation the researcher developed a “Pentecostal Praxis Missiological Approach” which he used extensively throughout his study. Chapter two demonstrates that, while British missionaries brought the CEM to Katanga province, it was the early Congolese pioneers who actually spread the movement to different parts of Katanga and beyond its borders. Chapter three shows how CEM members have analysed the Congolese context, identifying it as a lost, unholy and socially broken society with high levels of poverty, unemployment and poor access to basic needs; it is also beset with problems of war and conflict, corruption and injustices as well as abuse of women. Chapter four focuses on the spirituality of power that inspires and motivates the CEM in the various dimensions of its mission. Chapter five uses mainly liturgical sources like prayers, songs and sermons to construct the Pentecostal theology of mission that guides and directs the CEM in its mission. Chapter six explores the agents and strategies of mission that the CEM uses to address the missional challenges they identify in their context. The final chapter raises six key missiological issues that emerged from the study and that require the attention of missiological scholars in order to foster the future of Pentecostal mission in Congo and the Southern African region as a whole. These issues are: preventing ongoing schisms, evangelising members of other religious traditions, the scope of healing, the impact of rapture theology, the place of women in ordained Pentecostal ministry, and the extent of contextualisation in the CEM. Keys terms Katanga Province, / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

The purpose of the study was to develop an ethical context and behaviour model by investigating the relationship between individuals’ ethical context and behaviour variables and their job retention and performance related-factors, which has been under-researched in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s working environment. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was followed in this study. The population consisted predominantly of a non–probability sample of (N=839) permanently employed employees in an organisation in this country. The results revealed significant relationships between the construct variables. Structural equation modelling indicated a good fit of the data with the canonical correlations-derived measurement model. The main findings are reported and interpreted in terms of an empirically-based ethical context and behaviour model. These findings may provide new knowledge for the design of retention and performance practices which add to the body of knowledge in relation to ethical context and behaviour, job retention and performance / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Admin. (Industrial & Organisational Psychology)

This thesis is a critical missiological analysis of Pentecostal mission, specifically of the Congo Evangelistic Mission (CEM) in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It investigates how CEM members have been interpreting and expressing the Christian message in and for the context of Katanga Province through their communal life, worship and mission since its inception in 1914. It also asks the methodological question of how such a Pentecostal mission could best be studied and evaluated missiologically. To carry out this investigation the researcher developed a “Pentecostal Praxis Missiological Approach” which he used extensively throughout his study. Chapter two demonstrates that, while British missionaries brought the CEM to Katanga province, it was the early Congolese pioneers who actually spread the movement to different parts of Katanga and beyond its borders. Chapter three shows how CEM members have analysed the Congolese context, identifying it as a lost, unholy and socially broken society with high levels of poverty, unemployment and poor access to basic needs; it is also beset with problems of war and conflict, corruption and injustices as well as abuse of women. Chapter four focuses on the spirituality of power that inspires and motivates the CEM in the various dimensions of its mission. Chapter five uses mainly liturgical sources like prayers, songs and sermons to construct the Pentecostal theology of mission that guides and directs the CEM in its mission. Chapter six explores the agents and strategies of mission that the CEM uses to address the missional challenges they identify in their context. The final chapter raises six key missiological issues that emerged from the study and that require the attention of missiological scholars in order to foster the future of Pentecostal mission in Congo and the Southern African region as a whole. These issues are: preventing ongoing schisms, evangelising members of other religious traditions, the scope of healing, the impact of rapture theology, the place of women in ordained Pentecostal ministry, and the extent of contextualisation in the CEM. Keys terms Katanga Province, / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

The purpose of the study was to develop an ethical context and behaviour model by investigating the relationship between individuals’ ethical context and behaviour variables and their job retention and performance related-factors, which has been under-researched in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s working environment. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was followed in this study. The population consisted predominantly of a non–probability sample of (N=839) permanently employed employees in an organisation in this country. The results revealed significant relationships between the construct variables. Structural equation modelling indicated a good fit of the data with the canonical correlations-derived measurement model. The main findings are reported and interpreted in terms of an empirically-based ethical context and behaviour model. These findings may provide new knowledge for the design of retention and performance practices which add to the body of knowledge in relation to ethical context and behaviour, job retention and performance / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Admin. (Industrial & Organisational Psychology)

The one of the most important Eras of the Earth history, i.e. Neoproterozoic (1000-542 Ma),<p>was an enigmatic period characterized by the development of the first stable long-lived ~1.1-<p>0.9 Ga Rodinia and 550-500 Ma Gondwana supercontinents, global-scale orogenic belts,<p>extreme climatic changes (cf. Snowball Earth Hypothesis), the development of microbial<p>organisms facilitating the oxidizing atmosphere and explosion of eukaryotic forms toward the<p>first animals in the terminal Proterozoic. This thesis presents a multidisciplinary study of two<p>Neoproterozoic basins, i.e. Bas-Congo and Sankuru-Mbuji-Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy, in and around the Congo Craton including sedimentology, geochemistry, diagenesis, chemostratigraphy and radiometric dating of carbonate deposits themselves.<p><p>The Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup sequence deposited in a SE-NW trending 1500 m-thick siliciclastic-carbonate intracratonic failed-rift basin, extends from the northern Katanga Province towards the centre of the Congo River Basin. The 1000 m-thick carbonate succession is related to the evolution of a marine ramp submitted to evaporation, with ‘deep’ shaly basinal and low-energy carbonate outer-ramp environments, marine biohermal midramp (MF6) and ‘very shallow’ restricted tide-dominated lagoonal inner-ramp (MF7-MF9) settings overlain by lacustrine (MF10) and sabkha (MF11) environments, periodically<p>submitted to a river water source with a possible freshwater-influence. The sequence stratigraphy shows that the sedimentation is cyclic in the inner ramp with plurimetric ‘thin’ peritidal cycles (± 4 m on average) recording a relative sea level of a maximum of 4 m, with fluctuations in the range of 1-4 m. The outer/mid ramp subtidal facies are also cyclic with ‘thick’ subtidal cycles characterized by an average thickness of ± 17 m, with a probable sealevel<p>fluctuations around 10 to 20 m. The geochemistry approach, including isotopic and major/trace and REE+Y data, allows to infer the nature of the dolomitization processes operating in each carbonate subgroup, i.e dolomitization may be attributed to evaporative reflux of groundwater or to mixing zones of freshwater lenses. The latest alteration processes occured during the uplift of the SMLL Basin. New ages, including LA-ICP-MS U-Pb laser ablation data on detrital zircon grains retrieved in the lower arenaceous-pelitic sequence (BI group), combined with carbon and strontium isotopic analyses, yielded a new depositional time frame of the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup between 1176 and 800 Ma reinforcing the formerly suggested correlation with the Roan Group in the Katanga Province.<p><p>In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Sturtian-Marinoan interglacial period was previously related to pre-glacial carbonate-dominated shallow marine sedimentation of the Haut-Shiloango Subgroup with stromatolitic reefs at the transition between greenhouse (warm) and icehouse (cold) climate periods, commonly marked by worldwide glacigenic diamictites and cap carbonates. This thesis highlights that these deposists record as a deepening-upward evolution from storm-influenced facies in mid- and outer-ramps to deepwater environments, with emplacement of mass flow deposits in toe-of-slope settings controlled by synsedimentary faults. In absence of diagnostic glacial features, the marinoan Upper Diamictite Formation is interpreted as a continuous sediment gravity flow deposition along carbonate platform-margin slopes, which occurred along tectonically active continental margins locally influenced by altitude glaciers, developed after a rift–drift transition. The maximum depth of the deepening-upward facies is observed in the C2a member. The<p>shallowing-upward facies exibit a return of distally calcareous tempestites and semi-restricted to restricted peritidal carbonates associated with shallow lagoonal subtidal and intertidal zones submitted to detrital fluxes in the upper C2b to C3b members.<p>The geochemistry highlights (i) the existence of a δ13C-depth gradient of shallow-water and deep-water carbonates; (ii) the carbonate systems were deposited in oxic to suboxic conditions; and (iii) all samples have uniform flat non-marine shale-normalized REE+Y distributions reflecting<p>continental detrital inputs in nearshore environments, or that the nearshore sediments were<p>reworked from ’shallow’ inner to mid-ramp settings in deep-water slope and outer-ramp<p>environments, during the rift-drift transition in the basin. The pre-, syn- and post-glacial<p>carbonate systems could record a distally short-lived regional synrift freshwater-influenced<p>submarine fan derived from nearshore sediments, including gravity flow structures, which are<p>attributed to regional tectonic processes due to a sudden deepening of the basin caused by<p>differential tilting and uplifting of blocks, related to the 750-670 Ma oceanic spreading of the<p>central-southern Macaúbas Basin.<p><p>Combining sedimentology, isotopes and trace elemental geochemistry, the thesis highlights<p>that the δ13C variations in the Neoproterozoic carbonates are complex to interpret, and can be<p>related to: (i) the existence of a δ13C-depth gradient; (ii) the exchange between isotopically<p>light carbon in meteoric waters and carbonate during lithification and early diagenesis; and<p>(iii) isotopic perturbations due to regional metamorphism. Considering the possible englaciation of the Earth (Snowball Earth hypothesis), the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup and West<p>Congolian Group seem reflected the intimate relationship between glaciations and tectonic<p>activity during the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent, followed by the rift–drift<p>transition, and finally the pre-orogenic period on the passive continental margin. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette étude s’appuie sur une recherche ethnographique commencée en octobre 2006, dans le cadre d’un doctorat en anthropologie. C’est une étude qui vise à comprendre la façon dont les relations sociales, qui articulent le continuum accueil-soins des malades, contribuent ou non à l’accès aux soins à l’hôpital Sendwe.<p><p>La plupart des études qui ont abordé la problématique de l’accès aux soins, et de l’utilisation des services de soins dans les hôpitaux publics des pays en développement, ont envisagé cette problématique davantage en termes de carence en matériel ;et réduit souvent l’essentiel des problèmes à une question financière.<p><p>Et pourtant, comme le témoignent des études récentes conduites dans les hôpitaux africains au cours de la dernière décennie, soutenues notamment par une méthodologie qualitative, alliant observations intensives et entretiens approfondis (cf. Jawkes & al. 1998 ;Gobbers, 2002 ;Jaffré & Olivier de Sardan, 2003 ;Vidal & al. 2005 ;Jaffré & al. 2009), l’accès ou non aux soins et l’utilisation des services hospitaliers recouvrent des champs plus vastes et plus complexes qui englobent à la fois des questions, bien sûr, économiques que des problèmes comportementaux d’exclusion, des violences, des humiliations… bref, des questions liées à la relation inégalitaire des pouvoirs due à la distance sociale qui s’observe entre soignant et soigné. Dans le cadre de l’hôpital Sendwe, cette inégalité de la relation soignant-soigné est particulièrement exacerbée par un contexte de misère sociale à laquelle se conjugue une bureaucratisation des tâches dont l’exécution vient ici redoubler au statut du fonctionnaire un pouvoir de soigner. C’est face à cette tension permanente entre partie en interaction favorisée par le décalage entre l’offre médicale et la demande des soins que je me suis interrogé comment les soins hospitaliers sont-ils négociés à l’hôpital Sendwe. Avec quelles ressources les parties s’engagent dans le processus d’accès aux soins ?Quelles sont les pratiques effectives qui s’observent dans les interactions avec le patient et ses proches ?Comment les patients catégorisent-ils le personnel médical, et vice-versa ?Quelles sont les règles, pratiques et morales, qui régissent leurs interactions ?C’est donc à toutes ces questions que cette étude tente de répondre. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Ce travail s’attache à répondre à deux préoccupations majeures :<p>-déterminer le statut sociolinguistique du kindubile, parler des enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi appelés « shege ».<p>-préciser les contextes de mobilisation du kindubile par les shege ainsi que les différentes significations qu’il revêt à leurs yeux.<p>Il est basé sur un corpus très hétérogène: les données verbales (entretiens semi-directifs, libres, récits de vie, chansons et surnoms) et les matériaux picturaux (graffitis, tags et dessins) produits par les enfants eux-mêmes. Les analyses sont inspirées en linguistique par la pragmatique et en sociologie par l’interactionnisme symbolique, la théorie de l’acteur et du système ainsi que la théorie dispositionnaliste de Bernard Lahire. <p>Cette dissertation a conduit aux résultats suivants :<p>-le kindubile est un argot swahili. Sa grammaire est globalement identique à celle du kiswahili de Lubumbashi. La seule différence s’observe au niveau du lexique. Celui-ci, outre les procédés de création cryptique (adjonctions, suppressions, permutations et leur combinaison reste prolixe et focalisé sur certains registres seulement :la nourriture, l’argent, la débrouille, la violence et la sexualité. Ces domaines demeurent hautement significatifs à leur yeux d’autant plus qu’ils sont corrélés et indispensables à la vie de rue.<p>-Les enfants de la rue recourent à l’argot pour communiquer entre eux, pour un repli identitaire (ils veulent s’affirmer comme un groupe particulier et en même temps être reconnus autant que respectés comme des personnes humaines à part entière). Ils recourent également au kindubile pour crypter leur message en parlant des stupéfiants, de la sexualité ou en voulant subtiliser un bien à quelqu’un). Ils emploient aussi le kindubile comme un espace de défoulement. En effet, ils expriment leur mécontentement de la société qui les a produits mais craignant les représailles, ils préfèrent s’exprimer en argot. Ils parlent aussi kindubile pour provoquer la peur chez leur interlocuteur lorsqu’ils le jugent nécessaire.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The basic problem in this study is to determine whether the electoral management body (EMB) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is sufficiently independent and whether it complies with most of the criteria of an ideal independent EMB in order to conduct free and fair elections in the promotion of democracy in the DRC. However, an ideal type of an independent EMB is not easily realizable but Ghana’s electoral commission (EC) is widely regarded as a model of an independent EMB in Africa. Therefore, this study uses the EC as a workable ideal type of independent EMB that informs this study in assessing the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI)’s level of independence. The study discovered that while the formal legal framework guarantee the independence of the CENI, it lacks practical independence due to certain factors which include the mode of appointment and composition of the body, the unstable security of tenure of its members, the negative influence of the judiciary, executive and the parliament over the functioning of the CENI, and the lack of adequate funding. The study argues that the composition of the CENI has to be depoliticized; its members should enjoy a strong security of tenure and the issue of political parties funding should be effective and handled by the CENI in order to enhance political competitiveness in the electoral process. An adequate funding should be timely realized so that the CENI carries out its work with autonomy. The judiciary, the parliament and the executive should support the growth of democracy in the DRC by allowing the CENI to work without the interference of any quarter. / African Centre for Arts, Culture and Heritage Studies / M.A. (African Politics)

Les idéologies politiques africaines :mythe du pouvoir ou instance du développement ?<p>Réflexion épistémologique sur le nationalisme congolais à la lumière de la théorie rawlsienne de la justice.<p><p>Panafricanisme, négritude, consciencisme, socialisme et nationalisme ont eu en gros sur le sol africain, une double mission :-délivrer les pays du joug colonial<p>sortir ces pays du sous-développement par un travail d’une <p>-\ / Doctorat en Philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The contribution of the Church to the reconstruction of a nation is the primary reason for the present study. The paradox image that the Democratic Republic of Congo presents deserves particular attention. With more than 80% of DRC population being Christians, this study strives to examine the current Christian religious discourse in the DRC and to see in what way this discourse can be ameliorated in order to play properly the role of facilitating a positive transformation of this country. Notwithstanding I have been alienated from the country for some years now, the study analyzes the current situation on the ground on the basis of the data available, and makes some recommendations in order for the situation in the DRC to be ameliorated. This study thus urges a reconstructive Christian religious discourse in the hope of changing the nation’s mentality in order to reconstruct this beautiful Country. / New Testament / M. Div. (New Testament)