Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-24T15:23:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Glaucilane dos Santos Cruz.pdf: 1016632 bytes, checksum: cf89201a0bacd4f7695775c34d5d1ad4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-24T15:23:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glaucilane dos Santos Cruz.pdf: 1016632 bytes, checksum: cf89201a0bacd4f7695775c34d5d1ad4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A large investment is annually demanded to control the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is the major insect pest of corn. To contain this demand alternative methods have been developed, including the use of botanical insecticides, known as essential oils, and entomopathogenic agents such as the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. These alternatives are adequate to Integrated Pest Management purposes, by being selective, low toxic to mammals and present efficiency against various pest species. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that association of long pepper and cloves oils at the concentrations of 30 and 50 mg/L DMSO with Xentari® WG (B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai - Bta) (1000 mg/L) produces an efficient control of S. frugiperda, affecting biological, immunological and reproductive parameters, and if those concentrations of these oils affect spermatogenesis, the histochemistry of the ovarioles, as well as its impact on fertility. The results demonstrated that long pepper essential oil at a concentration of 50 mg/L associated with Bta has promoted lower larval survival, and clove does not proved efficient when combined with the Bta formulated. However, both oils, associated or not to Bta, interfered on the biology and humoral immunity of S. frugiperda. All treatments showed ovicidal effect except clove oil at the two concentrations without Bta. Histological analysis showed that clove and long pepper oils at the concentrations of 30 and 50 mg/L have affected spermatogenesis and the histochemistry of the ovarioles of S. frugiperda, reflecting on their reproduction. However, the effects of long pepper oil associated or not to Bta were more expressive, proving to be a promising tool to control this pest, adapting to MIP, controlling the survival of offspring and its success in the culture. / Anualmente demanda-se um alto investimento no controle da lagarta do cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), sendo esta a principal praga da cultura do milho. Para conter esta demanda métodos alternativos tem sido desenvolvidos, incluindo a utilização de inseticidas botânicos, conhecidos como óleos essenciais, e agentes entomopatogênicos, como a bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Estas alternativas adéquamse aos propósitos do Manejo Integrado de Pragas, por serem seletivos, de baixa toxicidade a mamíferos e apresentarem eficiência contra várias espécies de pragas. Assim, testou-se a hipótese de que a associação dos óleos de pimenta longa e cravo da Índia nas concentrações 30 e 50 mg/L DMSO com Xentari® WG (B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai - Bta) (1000 mg/L) produzem um controle eficiente de S. frugiperda, afetando parâmetros biológicos, imunológicos e reprodutivos, e se as concentrações destes óleos afetam a espermatogênese, a histoquímica dos ovaríolos, bem como seu impacto na fertilidade. Os resultados demonstraram que o óleo de pimenta longa na concentração 50 mg/L associado ao Bta ocasionou menor sobrevivência larval, já o cravo da Índia não mostrou-se eficiente quando associado ao Bta formulado. Porém, ambos os óleos associados ou não ao Bta interferiram na biologia e na imunidade humoral de S. frugiperda. Todos os tratamentos afetaram a viabilidade dos ovos exceto a testemunha e o cravo da Índia nas duas concentrações sem Bta. A análise histológica mostrou que os óleos de pimenta longa e cravo da Índia nas concentrações 30 e 50 mg/L afetaram a espermatogênese e histoquímica dos ovaríolos de S. frugiperda, refletindo na sua reprodução. No entanto, os efeitos do óleo de pimenta longa, associado ou não ao Bta, foram mais expressivos, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta promissora no controle desta praga, adequando-se ao MIP, controlando a sobrevivência da prole e seu sucesso na cultura.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, Escola de Engenharia, 2010. / Submitted by Lilian M. Silva (lilianmadeirasilva@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-15T00:06:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 baldez,a.l.pdf: 8426528 bytes, checksum: 47e41efbe0e6ba9d1074f9667287d13a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2013-06-10T18:46:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 baldez,a.l.pdf: 8426528 bytes, checksum: 47e41efbe0e6ba9d1074f9667287d13a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T18:46:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 baldez,a.l.pdf: 8426528 bytes, checksum: 47e41efbe0e6ba9d1074f9667287d13a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento, construção e testes preliminares de um penetrômetro de queda livre para a caracterização de solos marinhos. O aparelho tem por finalidade medir as características de resistência do solo oceânico, através da medição e analise da desaceleração imposta ao penetrômetro após o seu impacto com o fundo. Este tipo de equipamento evita os elevados custos envolvidos em outros tipos de ensaios e na obtenção de amostras do fundo em condições de elevado risco e dificuldades naturais impostas pelas condições locais do mar. O dispositivo tem o formato de um aerofólio Joukowski simétrico (formato de gota), que consiste de duas partes: a primeira onde fica o acelerômetro e o chumbo granulado e a segunda onde há um conector que liga o acelerômetro a um cabo de dados e daí a um computador portátil que realiza a aquisição de dados. O penetrômetro pode ser lançado de certa altura acima da superfície da água, entra na água e mobiliza resistência hidrodinâmica durante a queda livre. Após choca-se contra o fundo marinho mobilizando resistências ao cisalhamento do solo sendo desacelerado até o repouso. Para os testes de funcionamento do equipamento foi utilizada a marina do Rio Grande Yacht Club localizado na cidade de Rio Grande - RS. Nos testes foram obtidos sinais de desaceleração registrados pelo acelerômetro que foram integrados numericamente duas vezes, a primeira obtendo dados de velocidade e na segunda dados de deslocamento percorrido pelo penetrômetro. Os dados assim coletados permitiram uma estimativa do perfil de resistência ao cisalhamento do solo marinho ao longo do comprimento penetrado,observando que o penetrômetro adquiriu a velocidade terminal sendo mensurada em torno de 5,7 m/s e o deslocamento máximo registrado obtido na marina foi de 5 metros. / This study aims at developing, constructing and testing a free fall penetrometer for the characterization of marine soils. The objective of this device is to measure the strength characteristics of the marine soil, through the measurement and the analysis of the deceleration imposed by its impact on the bottom.This kind of equipment reduces high costs involved in other tests and in the collection ofsamples on the bottom under bad sea conditions regarding risks and natural obstacles. The device was shaped as a symmetric Joukowski airfoil (the shape of a drop) which consists of two parts: one of them holds the accelerometer and the granulated lead and the other one has a connector that links the accelerometer to a data cable, and then, to a portable computer which collects the data. The penetrometer can be launched from a certain height above the water surface, and then penetrates into the water and mobilizes hydrodynamic resistance during the free fall. When it hits the bottom of the sea, it mobilizes shear strength and decelerates until it rests. The tests with the equipment were carried out in the marina at the Rio Grande Yacht Club located in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The tests got deceleration signals which wererecorded by the accelerometer and were integrated twice numerically in order to collectdata on the velocity and on the displacement of the penetrometer. These data enabled the estimate of the shear strength profile of the marine soil along the length in which penetration occurred. The datashow that the velocity of the penetrometer reached about 5.7 m/s and thatthe maximum displacement recorded in the marina was 5 meters.

A dependência de países em vias de desenvolvimento com relação às indústrias primárias como a mineração é evidente. Na economia peruana, aproximadamente, 6% do PIB e mais de 50% das exportações são provenientes desta atividade econômica, destacando sua posição competitiva no cenário mundial. A importância desta atividade aparece, também, quando o assunto em questão é a segurança do trabalho. Assim, embora nos últimos anos tenha-se percebido uma diminuição no número de acidentes na mineração peruana, a taxa de mortalidade ainda é alta quando comparada com outros países de tradição mineira, especialmente os mais desenvolvidos. No Peru, oficialmente, as causas fundamentais para a ocorrência de acidentes são atribuídas aos fatores pessoais e de trabalho, assim como às condições e aos atos inseguros. Nesse contexto, a identificação dessas causas, visando à proposta de soluções efetivas para melhor gerenciar os sistemas de segurança e de saúde na indústria da mineração, é muito importante. Esta tese estuda os acidentes por queda de rochas em minas subterrâneas do Peru. Para tal foi utilizado como fonte de informação primária o registro de acidentes fatais de 2007 em minas de médio e grande porte. Esse registro foi concedido pela Oficina de Fiscalización Minera del Organismo Superior de la Inversión en Energía y Minería del Peru (OSINERGMIN), órgão pertencente ao Ministério de Energía y Minas del Perú (MEM). O estudo mostra que a maioria dos acidentes fatais são provocados pela queda de rochas em escavações subterrâneas; assim, no período em estudo, este tipo de acidente representou 29,41% dos eventos. O estudo das características pessoais das vítimas mostra ainda que trabalhadores que desenvolvem funções de perfuração, preparação e instalação de suporte pós-desmonte tanto em frentes de lavra de produção quanto em escavações de desenvolvimento morrem por causa de traumatismos múltiplos e encefalo-cranianos severos. A maioria das vítimas pertencia a empresas mineiras terceirizadas. A partir do estudo das características pessoais das vítimas e utilizando os Métodos de Regressão Logística (MRL), propõe-se um modelo matemático para determinar a chance de se sofrer acidente por queda de rochas, em relação a outros tipos de acidentes. Os resultados mostram que trabalhadores que desempenham a função de ajudante, bem como trabalhadores com experiência de mais de três anos têm menos chance de sofrer acidentes por queda de rochas. Finalmente, foram identificados as causas fundamentais e imediatas dos acidentes estudados. Entre os fatores pessoais e de trabalho destacam-se o excesso de confiança e a supervisão deficiente como sendo as principais causas deste tipo de acidente. O estudo mostra também que o descumprimento de procedimentos operacionais e a presença de rochas soltas nas escavações constituem os principais tipos de atos e condições inseguras, respectivamente. / There are several evidences that developing countries depend on primary industries like mining. In fact about 6% of the Peruvian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 50% of exports are provided by mining. As well as in economy, mining has been strongly affecting the statistics concerning the safety in the workplace. Thus, although in recent years there was a decrease in the number of mining accidents in Peruvian mining, the fatality rate is still high compared to other traditional mining countries, especially the developed ones. In Peru, according to official statements, the primary causes of the accidents are attributed to personal and work factors, as well as unsafe conditions and acts. Based on this information, the identification of these causes, aiming the proposal of effective solutions to enhance safety and health management systems in mining becomes a very important issue. This thesis has studied the accidents caused by the fall of rocks in Peruvian underground mines, using as the main source of information about the fatalities occurred in 2007 in medium and large mines. This information was provided by the Oficina de Fiscalización Minera del Organismo Superior de la Inversión en Energía y Minería del Perú (OSINERGMIN), an agency under administration of the Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru (MEM). The study shows that the majority of fatal accidents are caused by rock falls in underground excavations, and also that rock falls have accounted for 29.41% of all events during the studied period. Studying the personal characteristics of the victims also showed that the main victims are workers when they were developing drilling and preparation and installation of rock support activities in development areas as well as in production and excavations areas. The data showed that the majority died by severe multiple and cranial traumas and most of them were third part workers. From the study of the personal characteristics of victims and using the Methods of Logistic Regression (MLR), this research proposes a mathematical model to determine the chance of suffering an accident by rocks falls compared to other types of accidents. Also, the selected model showed that, from the statistical point of view, the experience in mining is the most representative variable and those workers having most of three years of experience have lower probability to suffer injuries by rock falls. Finally, the root and immediate causes of accidents were identified. Among personal and working factors the overconfidence and lack of supervision were respectively highlighted. The study also showed that non-complying operational procedures and the presence of loose rocks during the excavations are respectively the main types of unsafe acts and conditions.

O 3-PG (Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth) é o modelo ecofisiológico mais difundido no setor florestal para a predição de crescimento de florestas. Este modelo estima o crescimento florestal com base na radiação fotossinteticamente ativa absorvida pelo dossel, convertida em carboidratos, e alocada nos compartimentos da floresta (folhas, tronco, galhos e raízes), fundamentados na dinâmica dos processos biológicos e suas interações com o clima e solo. No entanto, após quase 15 anos de existência do 3-PG unido a evolução em pesquisa florestal, é possível detectar alguns pontos no modelo com potencialidade para aprimoramento. O objetivo geral desta tese foi aprimorar o modelo 3-PG e aplicá-lo no zoneamento da produtividade em florestas de Eucalyptus plantadas no nordeste do estado de São Paulo. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) aprimorar o modelo para retenção máxima de água no solo; ii) para queda de folhedo; iii) calibrar e validar o modelo 3-PG usando os pares de parcelas gêmeas; iv) determinar o modificador de fertilidade (FR) do 3-PG usando análise química do solo; v) zonear a produtividade real estimada do Eucalyptus no nordeste do estado do São Paulo; vi) determinar os fatores de restrição da produtividade nestas áreas. Para tanto, utilizou-se de dois projetos de pesquisas instalados na empresa International Paper do Brasil: projeto BEPP (Brasil Eucalyptus Produtividade Potencial) e projeto Parcelas Gêmeas de Inventário. O projeto BEPP foi utilizado para o aprimoramento do modelo em relação à retenção de água e queda de folhedo. Para tanto, utilizou-se de dois tratamentos: o tratamento fertilizado irrigado e o tratamento controle (fertilização tradicional sem irrigação). A quantidade máxima de água no solo adotada pelo modelo, antes considerada como um valor constante, passou a variar segundo a dinâmica de crescimento e exploração do sistema radicular. Esta modificação melhorou a estimativa de biomassa do tronco. No aprimoramento do modelo para a queda de folhedo, ajustou-se quatro modelos: linear; logístico; não lineares e modelo combinado. Todos proporcionaram melhores estimativas da taxa de queda de folhedo do que a função atualmente adotado pelo 3-PG com destaque para o modelo combinado, o qual representou duas fases da queda de folhedo: antes e após o fechamento do dossel. Usando os 113 pares de parcelas gêmeas, verificou-se que 63% responderam à fertilização após 48 meses de instalação do experimento, com ganho médio de 12% em produtividade. Com estas parcelas gêmeas foi possível calibrar e validar o modelo 3-PG para a produtividade atingível e real, com adequada precisão. O FR foi correlacionado à somas de bases do solo (Ca, Mg e K), as quais explicaram as maiores respostas à fertilização, sendo possível determinar uma equação para este modificador. Após a calibração e validação e adequações do modelo foi possível zonear a produtividade real do nordeste do estado de São Paulo. O déficit de pressão de vapor e água no solo foram os fatores que mais limitaram o crescimento do Eucalyptus nesta área. / The 3-PG (Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth,) is the most widespread ecophysiological model in the forest sector to predict the forest growth. It is driven by intercepted radiation with the maximum canopy quantum efficiency, which is limited by the temperature, vapour pressure deficit, available soil water, stand age and site fertility, assimilating the carbon into the forest; supported by physical and ecophysiological processes. However, after almost 15 years of development and use, associated by new scientific knowledge in forest research, some improvement in this model can be done, such as: soil water content and litterfall rate. The objectives of this thesis were improve the 3-PG model and zone the real productivity of Eucalyptus plantation in northeast of São Paulo State. The specifics objectives were: i) improve the 3-PG model regarding water soil content; ii) regarding litterfall; iii) calibrate and validate the 3-PG model using the twin-plot experimental design; iv) determine the fertilization modifier (FR) using soil chemical analysis; v) zoning the real productivity for Eucalyptus plantation in northeast of São Paulo State; and vi) determine the main growth constraints. Aiming these objectives, two main research projects were used: BEPP project (Brasil Eucalyptus Produtividade Potencial) and the Twin-plot of inventory. The BEPP was used to improve the 3-PG model for water soil content and litterfall. Two treatments were used: fertilized plus rainfed and extra fertilized plus irrigation. The water soil content had a constant value and was replaced by a dynamic value, changing with root growth and exploratiion depth with the age. This modification improved the stem biomass production estimatives by the model. For the litterfall improvement, 4 functions were fitted (linear, logistic, non linear and mixed). All of those had better performance in estimating the litter fall than the original 3-PG equation, highlighting the mixed model that could represent before and after canopy closure. Using 113 pairs of twin-plots, 63% of those responded the extra fertilization after 48 months, the production gain was 12%. The twin-plots were used to calibrate and validate the 3-PG model for attainable and real productivity resulted in adequated accuracy for stem biomass estimation. The FR could be associated with chemical analysis, and sum of bases (Ca, Mg and K) were used to fit an FR equation. After calibration and valitadation of the 3-PG model, were possible to zone the real productivity in northeast of São Paulo; the two main constraints of productivity for those area were vapour pressure deficit and soil water.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-08-27T19:10:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andreyurigomesabijaudi.pdf: 897693 bytes, checksum: f85ec06c9f1efb15a21b38b8db4a2c74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-28T12:10:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andreyurigomesabijaudi.pdf: 897693 bytes, checksum: f85ec06c9f1efb15a21b38b8db4a2c74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T12:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andreyurigomesabijaudi.pdf: 897693 bytes, checksum: f85ec06c9f1efb15a21b38b8db4a2c74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-25 / O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar como Paul Tillich compreende e relaciona os conceitos de amor e ontologia em suas diversas obras. É possível perceber no decorrer do texto que Tillich apresenta o amor enquanto princípio ético e fundamento ontológico e, por isso, traz consigo muitas ambiguidades. Desta forma, ele explora o conceito de amor a partir daquilo que chama “diferentes qualidades”, tomando como referência as compreensões gregas de eros, philia, epithymia (ou libido) e agápe. A hipótese que norteia este trabalho é que há uma linha de raciocínio presente no pensamento de Tillich, que parece a todo momento insistir na superação das ambiguidades da vida e do caráter fragmentário ao qual está sujeito o ser humano. Por isso, discute-se questões essenciais como seu entendimento sobre ontologia, sua compreensão sobre a importância do mito na linguagem religiosa e sua interpretação da queda como a transição da essência para a existência que resulta na alienação existencial. Mas o foco da dissertação é explorar como Tillich apresenta o poder do amor como aquele que reúne o ser humano com Deus, fundamento de seu ser; com seu próximo; e, principalmente, consigo mesmo. Por fim, o texto expõe como Tillich compreende que a relação entre agápe e eros é essencial para se compreender o amor como uma força una e indivisível, capaz de encerrar as ambiguidades da vida e se apresentar como graça ao ser humano, abrindo possibilidades de superação das leis e da problemática da contextualização da ética nas transições históricas do mundo. / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze how Paul Tillich understands and relates the concepts of love and ontology in his various works. It is possible to perceive throughout the text that Tillich presents love as an ethical principle and ontological foundation and, therefore, brings with it many ambiguities. In this way, he explores the concept of love from what he calls "different qualities", taking as reference the greek understandings of eros, philia, epithymia (or libido) and agape. The hypothesis that guides this work is that there is a line of reasoning present in Tillich's thought, which seems at all times to insist on overcoming the ambiguities of life and the fragmentary character to which the human being is subjected. Hence, essential questions such as his understanding of ontology, his understanding of the importance of myth in religious language, and his interpretation of the fall as the transition from the essence to the existence that results in existential alienation are discussed. But the focus of the dissertation is to explore how Tillich presents the power of love as one that reunites human being to God, the foundation of his being; with his neighbor; and especially with himself. Finally, the text exposes how Tillich understands that the relationship between agape and eros is essential for understanding love as a single and indivisible force, capable of closing the ambiguities of life and presenting itself as grace to the human being, opening possibilities for overcoming the laws and the problematic of the contextualization of ethics in the historical transitions of the world.

Orientador: Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:07:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_DesireeSoaresda_D.pdf: 3168437 bytes, checksum: b863b3429e08cd7ff7926b540a4d69b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Inibidores de peptidases (IPs) são proteínas vegetais envolvidas nos mecanismos de defesa contra herbívoros e patógenos. São considerados agentes antimetabólicos, uma vez que sua presença na dieta de insetos compromete seu desenvolvimento normal. Este efeito se dá através da formação de complexos entre os IPs e as enzimas digestivas, comprometendo assim o processo digestivo dos insetos. Neste trabalho, investigamos efeitos do inibidor de tripsina de sementes de Adenanthera pavonina (ApTI) sobre o desenvolvimento de dois insetos-praga, a broca-da-cana (Diatraea saccharalis) e a lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda). Bioensaios, estudos bioquímicos e de proteômica, foram realizados a fim de determinar o efeito de ApTI sobre o desenvolvimento destes insetos. A exposição aguda de larvas de D. saccharalis ao ApTI diminuiu a atividade das tripsinas e quimotripsinas em 87% e 63%, respectivamente. ApTI afetou o desenvolvimento deste inseto como observado através da diminuição na viabilidade larval (55%) e pupal (20,6%). Larvas oriundas da geração F1 apresentaram efeitos similares aos observados na geração F0, como redução no peso (23%) e na taxa de sobrevivência (33%). Análises bioquímicas revelaram que o inibidor foi refratário à digestão pelas peptidases de D. saccharalis e que o perfil de enzimas digestivas permaneceu sensível à inibição por quantidades crescentes de ApTI. Entretanto, não foi possível realizar a identificação das proteínas do intestino desta lagarta por espectrometria de massas. Larvas de S. frugiperda foram criadas em dieta contendo 0,5% de ApTI. Ao final dos experimentos, uma redução no peso médio larval de 30% foi observada. Porém, diferentemente dos resultados obtidos para D. saccharalis, as enzimas das larvas alimentadas com ApTI mostraram-se resistentes à inibição, sugerindo que esta espécie adapta-se à dieta contendo inibidor. O sequenciamento das proteínas presentes nos fluidos intestinais de S. frugiperda permitiu a identificação de 41 proteínas. Dentre elas foi possível identificar serinopeptidases do tipo tripsina e quimotripsina, proteínas estruturais, enzimas quinases e fosfatases. Nossos resultados demonstram que são necessários novos estudos para obtenção de mais informações acerca das proteínas presentes no fluido intestinal de S. frugiperda, para correlacionarmos sua expressão diferencial em larvas submetidas a diferentes tratamentos, conhecendo desta maneira um novo indício sobre os mecanismos adaptativos desta espécie contra os IPs / Abstract: Peptidase inhibitors (PIs) are plant proteins involved in defense mechanisms against herbivores and pathogens. They are considered antinutritional compounds, since their presence in insect diet hinder the normal larval development. This effect is due the complexation between PIs and peptidases, affecting the insect digestive process. In this work, we investigated the effects of trypsin inhibitor from Adenanthera pavonina seeds (ApTI) on the development of two pest insects: the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Biochemical and proteomic studies were carried out in order to determine the ApTI effects on the development of these insects. The acute exposure of sugarcane borer to ApTI reduced the trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in 87% and 63%, respectively. The effect of ApTI on development of sugarcane borer was noticed by reduced larval (23%) and pupal viability (33%). Biochemical analysis revealed that the inhibitor was refractory to digestion by D. saccharalis peptidases and the enzymes maintained sensibility to inhibition by increasing amounts of ApTI. However, it was not possible to identify proteins from sugarcane borer gut through mass spectrometry approach. S. frugiperda larvae were reared in artificial diet containing 0.5% ApTI and a reduction in average larval weight of 30% was noticed. But, differently of D. saccharalis, S. frugiperda midgut enzymes became resistant to inhibition by ApTI, showing that this species adapted to ApTI-diet. From the sequencing of S. frugiperda gut fluid proteins we identified 41 proteins. Among them, we identified trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes, structural proteins and quinases and phosphatases enzymes. Our results demonstrated that further researches are necessary in order to obtain more information about proteins from S. frugiperda gut fluid. The correlation between differential expressed proteins in larvae submitted to different treatments is crucial to reach new indicatives about the adaptive mechanisms this species evolve against PIs / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Isolated hip fracture following a minor fall is a serious injury, normally requiring urgent surgical treatment and a complex recovery journey. Although commonly associated with the elderly, incidence and impact in adults under 60 years of age may be underestimated. The extensive literature almost exclusively focuses on the elderly, surgical interventions and relatively short-term outcomes. Young adults are also missing from the dominant societal discourse and healthcare policy on fragility hip fracture. They therefore represent a silent sub-subset of the fragility hip fracture population, whose recovery experiences and needs, particularly in the longer term, remain largely unknown. A critical interpretivist approach and The Silences Framework (Serrant-Green, 2011), were used to ‘give voice’ to young adults with isolated hip fracture. Thirty participants, between one and ten years post injury, completed an in-depth, minimally structured interview in which they told their story of recovery. An inductive, thematic analysis was undertaken integrating Braun and Clarke (2006) and the four phase cyclical analysis of The Silences Framework (Serrant-Green, 2011). One cross-cutting theme: Communication emerged, together with four other main themes: Experience of care, Impact on self, Impact on others and Moving forward. 11 The findings indicated wide variation in the quality of care, often influenced by social and professional norms regarding hip fracture patient characteristics such as age and mode of injury. Multi-faceted, often long term, physical, social and psychological impact on participants, their family and wider social networks was also found. This included Post Traumatic Stress Disorder type symptoms and impact on work, finances and relationships. The study highlighted some limitations of the current hip fracture care pathway for supporting the specific recovery needs of young adults. It also identified some limited effectiveness of commonly used patient reported outcome measures for hip fracture in this young client group. Exploring the recovery experiences of this under-represented group confirmed, but also altered the silences initially identified. Furthermore, it uncovered new silences which informed recommendations for future research; healthcare practice and policy. This study offers the first long term exploration of the impact of isolated hip fracture following a minor fall in young adults from their perspective. In doing so, it has also demonstrated the appropriateness of The Silences Framework (Serrant-Green, 2011) for guiding a person-centred, experience-based, acute orthopaedic/rehabilitation study undertaken by a student researcher.

Les chutes sont la deuxième cause de décès accidentels par traumatisme involontaire dans le monde. Les conséquences physiques et psychologiques représentent aussi un frein important à la mobilité des personnes âgées. Prévenir ces chutes apparait donc comme un enjeu majeur. Une première étape nécessaire est d'identifier les situations présentant un risque de chute important. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils permettant de faire le lien entre une perturbation et le risque de chute associé. Dans une première partie, un modèle simple permet d'estimer les états à partir desquels il est possible de retourner dans une situation d'équilibre. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux perturbations externes continues. Les résultats de la littérature étant limités sur cet aspect, une campagne expérimentale a été mise en place pour identifier les effets de certains paramètres de la perturbation sur le seuil de rattrapage. Le modèle est alors étendu pour traiter le cas de perturbations de l'équilibre ayant un profil temporel variable. Pour finir, nous proposons une modélisation utilisant un contrôleur basé sur la commande prédictive mettant en avant la régulation des stratégies de rattrapage. L'ensemble de ces travaux mettent en avant l'influence des paramètres liés au rattrapage qu'il est difficile d'appréhender lors d'expérimentations. Ils montrent également l'importance de la caractérisation de l'élément déclencheur de la perte d'équilibre dont la description est souvent incomplète dans la littérature. Certaines améliorations peuvent être apportées comme la représentation d'appuis non-coplanaires ou une intégration plus détaillée des aspects sensoriels / Falling is the second most important cause of accidental deaths in the world. These falls lead to physical injuries and psychological consequences which limit mobility especially for the elderly. Being able to prevent these events appears to be crucial and a first mandatory step is to identify the risk of fall depending on the situation (slipping, hazardous environment …). The objective of this thesis is to propose numerical tools in order to link the risk of fall to the balance perturbation. In a first part, a simple numerical model estimates if initial unbalanced states can be recovered using one recovery step. Then a focus was made on external perturbations with a specific temporal profile close to public transportation perturbations. An experimental protocol was set up due to the lack of knowledge about these perturbations. The experiment investigated the effect of the perturbation parameters on the Balance Recovery (BR) threshold. An adjustment of the previous model was made to evaluate continuous perturbations and to compare its results against our experimental findings. The final chapter developed a complementary approach based on previous work using a model predictive control scheme which aims to regulate BR strategies. This whole work contributes to highlight the BR parameters which are difficult to assess during experimental procedures. It also points out the perturbation definition which is frequently incomplete in the literature although it is the phenomenon responsible for the BR process. In order to represent more realistic human behaviors some improvements can be done such as adding noncoplanar contacts or as integrating more detailed sensorimotor aspects

Les fractures de fragilité représentent un problème de santé publique pour les personnes âgées. L'évaluation de la résistance osseuse et du risque de fracture par la méthode de référence (absorption bi-photonique à rayons X, DXA) est limitée. Les micro-modèles en éléments finis (µFEM) ont montré de meilleures prédictions de la résistance osseuse, mais on ne peut confirmer qu’ils améliorent l’estimation du risque de fracture par rapport à la DXA. L'objectif de cette thèse était donc d'évaluer si la prédiction par simulation numérique pouvait être améliorée en prenant en compte des conditions réalistes de chargement. Tout d’abord, les conditions de chargement correspondant à une chute vers l’avant ont été reproduites sur 32 radius humain dans une expérimentation ex-vivo. Les résultats expérimentaux ont conduits à deux groupes : un fracturé et un non fracturé. Puis, la capacité de prédiction d’un modèle « ségment » (9 mm de radius distal) créé en utilisant un scanner à très haute résolution (High Resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography) a été évaluée. . Différentes configurations (axiale (configuration standard) et 5 non-axiales) ont été simulées. L’implémentation de chargement non-axial n’a pas amélioré la capacité de prédiction du modèle « segment ». Finalement, un modèle hétérogène du radius distal entier a été créé à partir d’un scanner clinique (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). Ce modèle a pris en compte les conditions d’une chute en termes d’orientation et de vitesse. Le modèle de radius distal entier a montré une meilleure prédiction de la charge à la rupture expérimentale que le modèle « segment ». Cette étude propose des données originales pour la validation de modèles numériques pour l’amélioration de la prédiction du risque de fracture / Fragility fractures represent a public health problem for elderly. The assessment of the bone strength and of the risk of fracture by the gold standard method (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry - DXA) is limited. Micro-finite element models (µFEM) have shown to better predict the bone strength, but it is not possible to confirm that they do better than the density measured by DXA to estimate the risk of fracture. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether including realistic loading conditions could improve the level of prediction of the FEM. First, we reproduced the loading conditions of a forward fall on 32 radii in an ex-vivo experiment. This experiment leaded to two groups: one fractured and one non - fractured. Then, we evaluated the prediction capability of a segment FEM (9 mm of the distal radius) created using the High Resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. This segment FEM was tested under the axial loading (standard analysis), and under five additional non-axial configurations. It was found that the prediction capability of the segment FEM was not improved by the implementation of non-axial loadings. Finally, a heterogeneous FEM of the whole distal radius was created using data from a Cone Beam Computed Tomography. This model considers the fall loading configurations in orientation and speed of the ex-vivo experiment. The FEM of the whole distal radius has a better accuracy to predict the experimental failure load than the segment FEM. This study proposes original data for model validation dedicated to further improvements of fracture risk prediction

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la conception et de la réalisation de systèmes intelligents, associés à une technologie de capteurs sol. Elle vise à concevoir un outil automatisé et intelligent destiné à détecter principalement les chutes de personnes âgées en milieu hospitalier, afin de fournir une information supplémentaire au personnel soignant. Premièrement, les différentes technologies de capteurs appliquées aux revêtements de sol ont été étudiées. Parmi les technologies recensées, les capteurs piézoélectriques planaires en polymères ont été retenus pour l’élaboration du système intelligent. Ensuite, la caractérisation de la solution technique retenue a permis de définir les conditions et limites d’utilisation du capteur. Les aspects de robustesse et de durabilités ont été évalués à l’aide de méthodes développées à ces effets. Enfin, des algorithmes de détection ont été développés en vue de détecter les chutes, les pas et la présence de personnes sur des surfaces délimitées par le système. Des stratégies de classification basées sur la corrélation de Pearson, des algorithmes d’apprentissages ou des algorithmes à seuils ont été utilisés. / This thesis is part of the field of design and elaboration of smart systems combined with a flooring sensor technology. The main objective deal with the design of an automated and smart tool to detect falls of elderly people in hospitals or nursing homes, in order to provide additional information to healthcare workers. First, various sensor technologies applied to floor covering have been studied. Among the technologies identified, piezoelectric planar polymer sensors have been chosen for the development of the smart system. Then, the characterization of the validated technical solution allows to define conditions and limits of use of the sensor. The robustness and durability were evaluated using methods that were specifically developed to address these aspects. Finally, detection algorithms have been developed to detect falls, footsteps and presence of people on our sensors. Classification strategies based on Pearson’s correlation, machine learning algorithms or threshold based algorithm have been used.