Fondée essentiellement sur l’exploitation des archives de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT), cette thèse analyse l’émergence de discours et de pratiques du développement au niveau international entre 1919 et 1949. Elle questionne plusieurs points importants de l’historiographie sur le développement, notamment son cadre chronologique et ses origines idéologiques. Elle se focalise sur les formes concrètes que prend cette coopération technique internationale naissante. Elle étudie en particulier les missions d’assistance technique organisées par le Bureau international du travail jusqu’à la mise en place du Programme élargi d’assistance technique de l’ONU en 1949, qui constitue le premier programme multilatéral de développement de l’après-Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette thèse accorde donc une attention particulière aux situations d’expertise, aux experts et fonctionnaires internationaux impliqués dans la diffusion de savoirs techniques. Elle invite à renouveler la problématique du développement international dans une perspective sociale. / Based mainly on the exploitation of the ILO archives, this thesis analyzes the emergence of development discourses and practices at the international level between 1919 and 1949. This offers the opportunity to challenge several important presumptions of development historians with regard to the chronology of development and its ideological origins. This thesis focuses on the practical aspects of this emerging international technical cooperation. It analyzes in particular the technical assistance missions organized by the International Labour Office until the implementation of the United Nations’ Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance created in 1949, which was the first multilateral program of international development after World War II. This thesis pays special attention to the situations where ILO expertise played a role and to the international experts and ILO officials involved in the dissemination of technical knowledge. This thesis opens some new perspectives on the problem of international development from a social point of view.

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-08-26T11:07:48Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T11:07:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O sistema microPET/CT é um importante equipamento utilizado nas pesquisas de imagem diagnóstica em pequenos animais. O radiofármaco mais usado nesta tecnologia é o fluordeoxiglicose marcado com flúor-18. Este estudo tem como objetivo efetuar o controle radiológico no laboratório de pesquisa microPET/CT do Centro de Radiofarmácia do IPEN-CNEN/SP, de forma a satisfazer tanto as normas nacionais como as recomendações internacionais. O laboratório está classificado pela equipe de radioproteção da instalação como área supervisionada, nas quais embora não seja obrigatória a adoção de medidas específicas de proteção e segurança, devem ser submetidas reavaliações regulares das condições do ambiente de trabalho. Visando assegurar a proteção radiológica dos trabalhadores diretamente envolvidos no manuseio do equipamento, realizou-se o monitoramento do local de trabalho e a avaliação do controle de dose individual. Inicialmente foi feito o monitoramento pré-operacional, isto é, o levantamento radiométrico no laboratório. Além disso, mediu-se nível de radiação externa nas instalações do laboratório e suas adjacências, por meio da colocação de nove dosímetros termoluminescentes (TL) de CaSO4:Dy, em locais previamente selecionados. Os indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos foram avaliados mensalmente por meio do uso de dosímetros TL posicionados no tórax e por medidas de corpo inteiro, tomadas a cada seis meses. O período do estudo foi de dois anos, com início em abril de 2014. Para o controle do microPET/CT realizou-se testes de desempenho de acordo com o protocolo padrão do equipamento e em conformidade com a norma desenvolvida pela força tarefa para estudos com PET em animais Animal PET Standard Task Force. O presente estudo permitiu demonstrar que os níveis de radiação das áreas (estimativas de dose ambiente e dose efetiva), assim como a blindagem do equipamento estão adequados de acordo com os limites da exposição ocupacional. Ressalta-se a importância de se seguir rigorosamente os princípios de radioproteção, já que se trata de pesquisas com fontes radioativas não seladas. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE MARCO AURELIO LUSTOSA CAMINHA.pdf: 816353 bytes, checksum: e490c809708e5320af983d4041468cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis analyzes the present conditions and prospects of state regulation of labor in Brazil, facing two determining facts: the current crisis of capitalism and the role of the ILO. Primarily, it discusses the main historical, philosophical and theoretical aspects that gave rise to the beginning of state interference in labor relations in the major capitalist countries, in comparison with the Brazilian case. Secondly, it analyzes the behavior of nation-states in the area of labor regulation in the context of the crisis of capitalism, focusing mainly on the productive restructuring of the 1980 s, supported by the neoliberalism and driven by the globalization of capital process with great repercussion in Brazil since the 1990 s. Consequently, key measures of deregulation and flexibilization of labor standards occurred in the advanced capitalist countries and in Brazil are contextualized and analyzed, being revealed the purposes of its defenders and the implications on the conditions of use and reproduction of the workforce. Finally, from the ILO s study and effectiveness of its work, it is demonstrated that the "standard" for social rights that ILO disseminates and enforces on its Member States, including Brazil, have an important role in the resistance against measures of deregulation as well as to the flexibilization of labour standards. / Esta tese analisa o estado atual e as perspectivas da regulamentação estatal do trabalho no Brasil, frente a dois condicionantes: a atual crise do capitalismo e a atuação da OIT. Aborda os principais aspectos históricos, filosóficos e teóricos que deram ensejo ao início da interferência do Estado nas relações de trabalho nos países de capitalismo central, em confronto com o caso brasileiro. Em seguida, analisa o comportamento dos Estados Nacionais no que diz respeito à regulamentação do trabalho diante das crises do capitalismo, focando principalmente na reestruturação produtiva dos anos 1980, apoiada no neoliberalismo e impulsionada pelo processo de mundialização do capital, com grande repercussão no Brasil a partir dos anos 1990. Assim sendo, são contextualizadas e analisadas as principais medidas de desregulamentação e de flexibilização ocorridas nos países de capitalismo avançado e no Brasil, desvelando-se os propósitos de seus defensores e as implicações sobre as condições de uso e reprodução da força de trabalho. Por último, a partir do estudo da OIT e da efetividade de sua atuação, demonstra-se que o standard de direitos sociais que ela difunde e impõe aos seus Estados-Membros, entre eles o Brasil, tem um importante papel na resistência contra as medidas de desregulamentação e flexibilização.

Magister Legum - LLM / Indigenous peoples constitute at least 5000 distinct peoples with a population of more than 370 million, living in 70 different countries. These peoples are typically subjected to a number of human rights violations (being excluded from decision-making processes and forced to assimilate into dominant groups, among others). The plight of these peoples has recently received worldwide attention. In 1989, the international community adopted the Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples (Convention 169) to protect the rights of these peoples. In 2007 the UN adopted a Declaration on Indigenous peoples’ Rights. Attention is now focused on implementing indigenous peoples’ rights at the domestic level. Cameroon is not yet a party to Convention No.169 and so cannot be bound under the Convention to protect the rights of its indigenous peoples. Cameroon often denies any duty in this regard. However, Cameroon is party to core human rights instruments like the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination and the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights and Freedom. Cameroon also voted in favour of the adoption of the UN Declaration on Indigenous Peoples Rights. These international human rights instruments, with the exclusion of the Declaration, are not specifically dedicated to indigenous peoples’ rights. Given this situation, two questions arise: is Cameroon bound by any international legal obligation to protect the rights of its indigenous peoples; and if so, is Cameroon implementing the basic international law principles relating to indigenous peoples’ rights. Using an in-depth study and analysis of various international human rights treaties to which Cameroon is a party, this research will explore the grounds on which Cameroon, though not a party to Convention 169, can be held bound to protect the rights of its indigenous peoples (chapter 2). This research present the situation of the indigenous peoples in Cameroon and provide a brief overview of the legislative and policy measures taken by the government which in some way provide entry points for the protection of the rights of the indigenous people in Cameroon (chapter 3). A critical analysis of these measures highlights some areas of success but also work that remains to be done to ensure that the rights of Cameroon’s indigenous peoples are fully protected (chapter 4). The study concludes with a number of recommendations for further study and legal reform (chapter 5).

This thesis is focused on the labor conditions of garment industry in developing countries. The text is structured as a comparative case study that is concerned with the situation in Cambodia and Bangladesh. Case studies of these countries describe domestic garment industry, its general and specific problems and a rate of compliance with labor standards. The goal of the thesis is to determine whether international organizations have an influence on the improvement of labor conditions in developing countries and compare it with other relevant actors. In this particular case the attention is focused on the International Labor Organization which manages its supportive programs in both countries but in a different manner. A pilot ILO program focused on the private sector has started in Cambodia thirteen years ago while in Bangladesh ILO had managed to run traditional program focused on the public sector until the Rana Plaza tragedy. Moreover, in the case of Bangladesh is a characterization of change after the tragedy. The thesis examines innovative ILO program that focuses on the monitoring of the garment factories, its functioning and outcomes. It also examines the role of ILO and its orientation by a theory of institutional change: whether it is possible to restore efficacy of one of the oldest...

The thesis deals with the draft of amendments to the Swedish Employment Protection Act, that is the result of an agreement between the social partners. The thesis focuses mainly on the change in dispositivity that is proposed for the protection for employments that run until further notice. The draft proposes amedments to the section in the act that concern both the basis for dismissal for personal reasons and the employers’ obligation to reassign an employee before dismissal is actualized. According to current legislation, a factual basis is required to dismiss a permanent employee due to personal reasons. Today, the section in the act is mandatory and exceptions from the provision may only be made for the benefit of the employee. The draft proposes changes in the grounds for dismissal and an alleviation of the employer’s obligation to relocate the employee. Furthermore, the draft proposes that the dispositivity be changed in such a way that the section becomes mandatory in its entirety. Only trade unions that are organized at the main organizational level are proposed to be allowed to negotiate and sign collective agreements on exemptions from the provision. It is as well proposed that the main organizations be able to agree on exemptions that can be both to the detriment and advantage of the employee.  This new order that is proposed affects both the principle of advantage for the employee and the freedom of association for the trade unions according to Swedish law. The thesis deals with how the principle of advantage and how freedom of association is affected by the draft if implemented. To understand the aims and meaning of the draft, and existing legal principles in employment protection, the thesis deals with these topics based on Niklas Bruuns’ theory of access justice. Access justice should be understood as access through justice, rather than access to justice. This means that the employee gets a general right to employment in the labour market, instead of a right to a specific job with a specific employer. This creates demands on the state, which gets extended obligations towards the employee, but also the employee who is expected to be employable in relation to the needs of the labour market. This observed development of labour law is largely due to the widening of the gaps between workers in the labour market, in terms of insiders and outsiders. The essay argues that the proposed changes in the dispositivity concerning the grounds for termination seeks to achieve this identified need, to reduce the gaps between insiders and outsiders, but ends up leaning towards a solution that is outside labour law. The solution in the draft focuses more on financial issues relating to such as competition between corporations. The essay argues that it is possible to find a solution that supports the theory of access justice within the framework of labour law.

近年來，「訴訟外紛爭解決制度」（Alternative Dispute Resolution，ADR）被認為具有調和傳統社會觀念與現代法律之功能，在勞資爭議事件中，ADR制度尤為重要，係因調整事項勞資爭議並無法用訴訟途徑解決，若是遇到協商僵局時，傳統上僅能用爭議行為來進行實力對抗，以尋求新的團體協約之簽訂，而調解與仲裁制度，能夠帶來不同的爭議處理途徑，以避免爭議權之行使所帶來的負面效應。但勞資爭議處理法制中的調解與仲裁制度，既然最終目的係簽訂新的團體協約，原則上程序之開始應以雙方之合意為主，而現行我國法制乃至於ILO之意見及世界各國立法例，均有所謂強制仲裁與強制調解之制度存在。行政機關得以職權發動仲裁或調解使雙方進入程序，次藉由和平義務的維持而使勞資雙方重行進入談判桌，乃至於無法行使爭議權之合理性何在？我國制度設計上是否合理？此乃本文所欲討論之重點。 藉由比較我國與 ILO 之文獻、澳洲與新加坡立法例後，本研究發 現：（ 現：（ 1）於我國法制中，可能妨礙到爭議權之行使者應以強仲裁為主而 ILO 近年來對於行政機關介入勞資爭議，以強制仲裁與妨礙結社自由間所劃出 的界線即為定「必要服務行業 」之範圍，界定標準乃是「爭議行為使將 對於生命、人身安全健康或是整體個財產法益立即危險」甚為具體；反觀我國勞資爭議處理法中發動強制仲裁之條件並不盡想、明確。（ 體；反觀我國勞資爭議處理法中發動強制仲裁之條件並不盡想、明確。（ 2） 現行法中有部分強制仲裁的立甚為不當，並符合 ADR 之理論與功能，依據 ILO 之標準，亦有妨礙結社自由的可能性。（ 之標準，亦有妨礙結社自由的可能性。（ 3）雖不宜全面引進，但澳洲與新 加坡的立法例，應對我國勞資爭議處理制能有所啟發；由其是在調解度上，該制度為我國解決勞資爭議的主力本文建賦予程序更強能 / The purpose of this study was to investigate compulsory arbitration and mandatory mediation in the Act for Settlement of Labor -Management Disputes. Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) was considered to have a function reconcile the traditional and modern concept of the laws society. ADR system was particularly important in incident of the labor disputes, because these disputes interest cannot be solved by litigation. When negotiations have reached an impasse, however, a strike may make difference by collective arbitration and mediation avoid the side effect by act of right to dispute. But administrative organization may apply compulsory arbitration and mandatory mediation to make both parties to reach the mutual agreemen t, or put out the negotiation between an employer and trade union. The major topic of this study would be the evaluation of ADR system design. Compared to the ILO’s publications, ACT from Australia and Singapore, this study found that : (1) Compulsory arbi tration may impede freedom of association. ILO,in recent years, the executive intervention for labor disputes to compulsory arbitration and hinder freedom of association between the boundary is drawn to define scope of "essential services ", defined in the standard but " life, personal safety, health or property " very specific; instead that our approach in labor disputes to compulsory arbitration of conditions to launch, on the other hand, was not quite explicit. (2) Current law in the legisl ative part of the compulsory arbitration was very inappropriate and not incompatible theory of the ADR, in accordance with standards of the ILO, also hinder possibility freedom of association. (3) Legislation Australia and Singapore should bring some inspiration to our legal system, especially, mandatory mediation should be main strength of the system to resolve the labor disputes. It is suggested that ADR program should be empowered to provide the suggestion of this matter.

我國現今失業率居高不下，許多青少年面臨著大學畢業即失業的窘境，對於未來畢業後的職場生活仍充滿了問號，大學生畢業容易就業的榮景已不復以往；勞工在面臨就業瓶頸時，也常常歸因於所選職業與職業性向與技能無法相配合，導致就業及轉業的困難。 加上工業化及全球化變遷的趨勢影響，社會變遷迅速、職業分類日漸增多也愈加複雜化，對於工作所要求的專業化程度也日漸升高，原本單純農業社會世襲制度已經不敷現代社會所用，職業資料的收集以及更新較以往更加困難。 由此可見，職業指導在我國的重要性與日俱增。職業指導制度在國際上早有歷史的演進與發展，國際勞工組織（International Labor Organization）在2004年發表的第195號人力資源發展建議書（R195, Human Resources Development Recommendation,2004）中，亦有詳細明確的規定會員國應提供其境內國民終身的職業諮詢以及生涯指導服務。 有鑑於此，興起本人對職業指導制度研究之興趣，本研究之研究方法之採用以文獻整理法與比較研究法為主，以國際勞工組織公約為核心，來檢視我國的職業指導制度，並針對我國職業指導制度的缺失與不足給予相關建議。 / Nowadays the unemployment rate upsurges with no alleviation, the students and the youth face the dilemma between graduation and joblessness, questioning the future vocation environment, and competing for a handful of job opportunity. When the labors face the bottleneck of employment and switch, most of the time, it is due to the uncooperative factors among vocation, aptitude, and skill. In additional to the industrialization and globalization, the fast society reforming and complicated vocation categorizing also cause the higher requirement of professionalism. The original social system from agricultural society cannot meet to modern vocational environment already, and it becomes more difficult to collect as well as update the vocational data than usual. Consequently, the importance of vocational guidance is getting higher daily. Vocational guidance system has been developed and improved internationally and historically. The International Labor Organization had declared the clearly- detailed policy about the member nations should provide lifelong vocational consultation and career guidance service within the R195, Human Resources Development Recommendation, 2004. From the statement above, I am greatly interested in and desirous to vocational guidance research. The research methodology is focused on literaturel collection method and research comaprison method, based on international lobar organization policy to inspect the domestic vocational guidance, and targeted at inadequacy and insufficiency of the domestic vocational guide to present related suggestions.

Darbo jėgą sudaro apie 45 % pasaulio gyventojų. Profesinės traumos, su darbu susijusios ligos turi didelę reikšmę darbuotojų sveikatai. Ligos, kurios nesusijusios su darbu, gali taip pat turėti įtakos darbo našumui. Darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos tarnybos plačiai pripažįstamos kaip esminis sveikesnės ir saugesnės darbo aplinkos kūrimo elementas. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos tarnybų veiklą Lietuvos energetikos sektoriaus įmonėse. Darbo tikslui pasiekti buvo iškelti šie uždaviniai: įvertinti Lietuvos Darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos tarnybų funkcijų atitikimą TDO 161 (ILO 161) konvencijai; nustatyti vykdomas Lietuvos energetikos sektoriaus įmonių Darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos tarnybų funkcijas; įvertinti Lietuvos energetikos sektoriaus įmonių Darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos žmogiškųjų resursų atitikimą Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktams. Lietuvos DSS tarnybų funkcijų atitikimas TDO 161 konvencijai buvo vertinamas pagal 11 funkcijų, reglamentuotų konvencijoje. DSS tarnybų funkcijos ir žmogiškieji resursai nustatyti atlikus anketinė apklausą, kuri atlikta 2009 m. lapkričio – gruodžio mėnesiais. Naudota anketa sudaryta remiantis Pasaulinės sveikatos organizacijos rekomendacijomis: „Regioninės rekomendacijos: Sveikos darbo vietos plėtra“ ir „Pagrindinės profesinės sveikatos tarnybos“. Tyrimo metu atlikus anketinę apklausą ištirta 14 (53,8 proc.) energetikos sektoriaus DSS tarnybų. Lietuvos DSS tarnybų funkcijų atitikimas parodė, kad šių tarnybų veiklos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Labour force is constituted of some 45 per cent of the world population. Occupational injuries, as well as work related diseases have a lot of influence on health of the labour force. Diseases, which are not related to work, may also have an impact on efficiency of work. Occupational health and safety (OHS) services are widely recognized as the essential element of healthier and more secure labour environment. The aim of the work is to evaluate activities of OHS services in energy sector companies in Lithuania. The following tasks were raised in order to achieve the aim: to assess the conformity of functions performed by Lithuanian OHS services with ILO Convention No. 161; to identify functions of OHS services in energy sector companies in Lithuania; to identify and evaluate the conformity of human resources of OHS services in energy sector companies in Lithuania with the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania. Conformity of functions of Lithuanian OHS services with ILO Convention No. 161 was assessed on the basis of 11 functions regulated in the Convention. Functions and human resources of the Occupational health and safety services were detected having performed a questionnaire survey in November – December 2009. Questionnaire was drawn up following the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO): Regional Guidelines for the Development of Healthy Workplaces and Basic Occupational Health Services. During the research a questionnaire survey was performed, which... [to full text]

This Dissertation evaluates the potential opportunities, challenges and outcomes attendant on Vietnam’s modernisation effort through the incorporation of International Labour Organisation (ILO) Core International Labour Standards (CILS) on freedom of association and collective bargaining into Vietnam law. The Dissertation shows that although Vietnam is likely to benefit from incorporating the CILS on freedom of association and collective bargaining into its legal system, its constitutional value system is not currently consistent with those of particular ILO CILS. It offers recommendations on pre- substantive and procedural measures necessary to ensure the successful reception of ILO CILS on freedom of association and collective bargaining into Vietnam legal practice.