This exploratory study examined Florida "A" high school Webmasters perceptions on faculty use of Internet school websites. Variables studied in relationship to the extent of use of the WWW site for curricular and instructional support purposes included the following: Webmaster age, Webmaster years of experience, Webmaster fraction of time devoted to the function, school student enrollment, and school White student fraction. Webmasters were surveyed regarding their perceptions. A total of 33 surveys were returned for an effective response rate of 61.11%. A model was also presented for World Wide Web (WWW) site development. Curricula, instructional support, and other content items for consideration on a school WWW site were also presented. Further, fifty "A" school WWW sites were reviewed for these items. Collected data were coded and entered into an SPSS data base. The data revealed that only a small fraction of the faculty were posting curricular and instructional support information to the school WWW site. Webmasters believed that many problems faced teachers in their use of the school WWW site. Time was the most frequently listed problem, followed in order by willingness to use, knowledge or experience, ease of use or access, and support. The Webmasters believed that existing policies concerning their WWW sites were adequate. Foreseen plans for their websites tended to not involve changes in site purpose, although some schools and districts were implementing changes to allow teachers to directly post material to the school WWW site rather than going through the Webmaster. Finally, the data showed that a significant positive correlation existed between the fraction of time the Webmaster devoted to the Webmaster function and the extent of use of the WWW site for curricular and instructional support purposes. The implication for educational leaders was that many factors over which they have considerable control do affect teachers in their use of the school WWW site. Educational leaders can help generate receptiveness towards use of the WWW site for curricular and instructional support purposes by influencing pre-service and in-service training programs, by allowing teachers administrative time to maintain the school WWW site, by surveying school personnel regarding improvement of the school WWW site, and by updating their technology plan to reflect goals on improved utilization of the school WWW site.

De acordo com as tendências de demanda por produtos cada vez mais personalizados com menor time-to-market possível, evidencia-se a necessidade da composição de sistemas produtivos (SPs) com uma estrutura reconfigurável para manter a competitividade frente aos crescentes desafios de um mercado globalizado. Esta capacidade de reconfiguração envolve não só as estruturas internas dos SPs, mas também a participação destes na execução de forma integrada e coordenada em um processo produtivo mais complexo. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação introduz uma arquitetura de supervisão e controle que integra e coordena um conjunto de SPs fisicamente dispersos, cujas funcionalidades estão disponibilizadas como serviços para a execução dos processos produtivos e que, para a supervisão e controle desses SPs dispersos adota-se a técnica de orquestração junto com o conceito de SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) de modo que em caso de indisponibilidade de algum SP, ocorra a seleção de outro SP de acordo com um critério de prioridade que melhor atende aos requisitos para a manufatura dos produtos. Desta forma tem-se uma solução para a inclusão dinâmica de SPs no sistema. Como o SP disperso pode ser caracterizado como um sistema a eventos discretos, as funcionalidades das partes que compõem a arquitetura proposta é desenvolvida segundo uma metodologia de projeto baseada em modelos em rede de Petri cujas propriedades são exploradas para a avaliação desta arquitetura. O texto apresenta ainda um exemplo ilustrativo das principais funcionalidades da arquitetura proposta implementada para um SP disperso. / According to trends in demand for customized products with less time-tomarket possible, it is noticeable the need for a composition of productive systems (PSs) with a reconfigurable structure to maintain competitiveness against the increasing challenges of globalized market. This ability to reconfigure involves not only the internal structure of the PS, but also their participation implementing an integrated and coordinated environment in a more complex productive process. Thus, this work presents a supervisory control architecture that integrates and coordinates a set of physically dispersed PSs, whose functionalities are made available as services for the execution of productive processes and, for the supervision and control of dispersed PSs it is adopted the \"orchestration\" technique, through the approach of SOA (Service-oriented architecture), that allows, in case of unavailability of any PS, the selection of another PS according to priority criteria that best meet the requirements for the manufacture of products. This is a solution for dynamic inclusion of PSs into the system. Since the dispersed PS can be characterized as a discrete event system, the functionalities of the parts that compose the proposed architecture is developed according to a design methodology based on Petri Net models, whose properties are explored to evaluate the architecture. Also is presented an illustrative example of the main functionalities of the proposed architecture implemented for dispersed SPs.

Este documento é resultado de uma pesquisa que envolve a proposta de uma arquitetura com orientação a serviços de um sistema que integra e coordena um conjunto de sistemas produtivos teleoperados e geograficamente dispersos, no qual se adota uma abordagem de modelagem baseada em uma ferramenta formal, como é a rede de Petri, a fim de estruturar um procedimento não só para a construção dos modelos como também para a análise funcional das partes que compõem o sistema e que, posteriormente, são implementadas em uma arquitetura de controle distribuído. O texto apresenta a motivação e justificativa da pesquisa envolvendo o histórico do desenvolvimento dos sistemas produtivos (SPs); uma revisão da literatura onde, entre outros aspectos, mostram-se abordagens de outros pesquisadores para assegurar uma flexibilidade estrutural dos SPs; a proposta de uma arquitetura baseada numa formulação com orientação a serviços; a proposta de um procedimento de modelagem; e um exemplo de implementação dessas propostas. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho contribui para a área de SPs permitindo-lhes assegurar uma flexibilidade estrutural que facilita a reconfiguração do sistema frente a mudanças do ambiente produtivo. Neste sentido, considerando a heterogeneidade dos SPs, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem modular, com orientação a serviços, onde são conciliadas duas importantes características: o alto grau de autonomia dos módulos e a ampla interoperabilidade dos mesmos. Adicionalmente, a proposta desenvolvida assegura uma especificação precisa da troca de mensagens entre os módulos do SP. / This document is derived from a research that involves the proposal of a service-oriented architecture for a system that integrates and coordinates a set of teleoperated production systems. This system is physically located in a dispersed way and adopts a modeling approach based on a formal tool known as Petri net. This approach structures a procedure to model construction to develop functional analysis of the parts integrating the system and that subsequently are implemented in distributed control architecture. The text presents the motivations for the research regarding the history of development of productive systems (PSs), a review of the literature where, among other aspects, it is shown the approaches of other researchers to ensure the structural flexibility of the PSs; the proposal for an architecture based on a formulation of a service-oriented approach, a proposal for modeling procedure, and an implementation example of these proposals. The development of this work contributes to the area of PSs enabling them to ensure a structural flexibility that facilitates the reconfiguration of the system against changes in the productive environment. In this sense, considering the heterogeneity of PSs, this work proposes a modular approach with service-oriented principles, where two important features are conciliated: high degree of autonomy and global interoperability of the modules. Additionally, the developed proposal ensures a precise specification of the messages exchange among the modules of the PSs.

Der Beitrag vergleicht die klassische Lexikonproduktion mit den Funktionen und Eigenschaften der Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia. Dabei erläutert er zunächst die historische Dimension des enzyklopädischen Prinzips. Daran anschließend beschreibt er den Aufbau und die Arbeitsprozesse einer Lexikonredaktion, wobei besonders auf die Selektionslogik und die Kriterien der Lexikonwürdigkeit eingegangen wird. Neben Fragen der Informationsqualität werden diese Punkte in einem weiteren Schritt auch bei der Erläuterung der Arbeitsweise und Struktur der Wikipedia angesprochen. Abschließend skizziert der Beitrag an einem Beispiel die Prozesse und Dynamiken der zeitlich nur geringfügig versetzten Artikelproduktion im Anschluss eines aktuellen Ereignisses. / The paper compares the classical production of printed encyclopedias with the functions and features of their online counterpart Wikipedia. Therefore, it firstly goes into the historic dimension of the encyclopedic principle. On that basis, organisation and work processes of an editorial department are described. In doing so, it secondly highlights the logic of selection and the criteria of ‘encyclopedianess’. In a third step these focal points and the questions of information quality will be addressed while discussing the structure and processes of Wikipedia. Finally, the paper exemplarily outlines the dynamics of the almost simultaneous production of an article following a current event.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-158). Also available on the Internet.

Este documento é resultado de uma pesquisa que envolve a proposta de uma arquitetura com orientação a serviços de um sistema que integra e coordena um conjunto de sistemas produtivos teleoperados e geograficamente dispersos, no qual se adota uma abordagem de modelagem baseada em uma ferramenta formal, como é a rede de Petri, a fim de estruturar um procedimento não só para a construção dos modelos como também para a análise funcional das partes que compõem o sistema e que, posteriormente, são implementadas em uma arquitetura de controle distribuído. O texto apresenta a motivação e justificativa da pesquisa envolvendo o histórico do desenvolvimento dos sistemas produtivos (SPs); uma revisão da literatura onde, entre outros aspectos, mostram-se abordagens de outros pesquisadores para assegurar uma flexibilidade estrutural dos SPs; a proposta de uma arquitetura baseada numa formulação com orientação a serviços; a proposta de um procedimento de modelagem; e um exemplo de implementação dessas propostas. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho contribui para a área de SPs permitindo-lhes assegurar uma flexibilidade estrutural que facilita a reconfiguração do sistema frente a mudanças do ambiente produtivo. Neste sentido, considerando a heterogeneidade dos SPs, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem modular, com orientação a serviços, onde são conciliadas duas importantes características: o alto grau de autonomia dos módulos e a ampla interoperabilidade dos mesmos. Adicionalmente, a proposta desenvolvida assegura uma especificação precisa da troca de mensagens entre os módulos do SP. / This document is derived from a research that involves the proposal of a service-oriented architecture for a system that integrates and coordinates a set of teleoperated production systems. This system is physically located in a dispersed way and adopts a modeling approach based on a formal tool known as Petri net. This approach structures a procedure to model construction to develop functional analysis of the parts integrating the system and that subsequently are implemented in distributed control architecture. The text presents the motivations for the research regarding the history of development of productive systems (PSs), a review of the literature where, among other aspects, it is shown the approaches of other researchers to ensure the structural flexibility of the PSs; the proposal for an architecture based on a formulation of a service-oriented approach, a proposal for modeling procedure, and an implementation example of these proposals. The development of this work contributes to the area of PSs enabling them to ensure a structural flexibility that facilitates the reconfiguration of the system against changes in the productive environment. In this sense, considering the heterogeneity of PSs, this work proposes a modular approach with service-oriented principles, where two important features are conciliated: high degree of autonomy and global interoperability of the modules. Additionally, the developed proposal ensures a precise specification of the messages exchange among the modules of the PSs.

De acordo com as tendências de demanda por produtos cada vez mais personalizados com menor time-to-market possível, evidencia-se a necessidade da composição de sistemas produtivos (SPs) com uma estrutura reconfigurável para manter a competitividade frente aos crescentes desafios de um mercado globalizado. Esta capacidade de reconfiguração envolve não só as estruturas internas dos SPs, mas também a participação destes na execução de forma integrada e coordenada em um processo produtivo mais complexo. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação introduz uma arquitetura de supervisão e controle que integra e coordena um conjunto de SPs fisicamente dispersos, cujas funcionalidades estão disponibilizadas como serviços para a execução dos processos produtivos e que, para a supervisão e controle desses SPs dispersos adota-se a técnica de orquestração junto com o conceito de SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) de modo que em caso de indisponibilidade de algum SP, ocorra a seleção de outro SP de acordo com um critério de prioridade que melhor atende aos requisitos para a manufatura dos produtos. Desta forma tem-se uma solução para a inclusão dinâmica de SPs no sistema. Como o SP disperso pode ser caracterizado como um sistema a eventos discretos, as funcionalidades das partes que compõem a arquitetura proposta é desenvolvida segundo uma metodologia de projeto baseada em modelos em rede de Petri cujas propriedades são exploradas para a avaliação desta arquitetura. O texto apresenta ainda um exemplo ilustrativo das principais funcionalidades da arquitetura proposta implementada para um SP disperso. / According to trends in demand for customized products with less time-tomarket possible, it is noticeable the need for a composition of productive systems (PSs) with a reconfigurable structure to maintain competitiveness against the increasing challenges of globalized market. This ability to reconfigure involves not only the internal structure of the PS, but also their participation implementing an integrated and coordinated environment in a more complex productive process. Thus, this work presents a supervisory control architecture that integrates and coordinates a set of physically dispersed PSs, whose functionalities are made available as services for the execution of productive processes and, for the supervision and control of dispersed PSs it is adopted the \"orchestration\" technique, through the approach of SOA (Service-oriented architecture), that allows, in case of unavailability of any PS, the selection of another PS according to priority criteria that best meet the requirements for the manufacture of products. This is a solution for dynamic inclusion of PSs into the system. Since the dispersed PS can be characterized as a discrete event system, the functionalities of the parts that compose the proposed architecture is developed according to a design methodology based on Petri Net models, whose properties are explored to evaluate the architecture. Also is presented an illustrative example of the main functionalities of the proposed architecture implemented for dispersed SPs.

Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArellanoCaldeiraFranco_Raul_D.pdf: 5808204 bytes, checksum: 88c7a53be46ac9af14d6801a29c00801 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é descrever, do ponto de vista da logística e em especial de transportes, como os ativos digitais de música são distribuídos pela internet. A metodologia adotada é a do estudo de caso único com abordagem descritiva. Inicialmente, a fim de entender o problema e desenvolver a pergunta da pesquisa, o escopo da descrição foi definido, e a Digital Supply Chain de música digital pela internet/web foi caracterizada. O referencial teórico desenvolveu-se a partir da análise da literatura acadêmica existente, complementada com bases de informação. Em seguida, fez-se um estudo de caso único de um Gestor de Distribuição de Conteúdo (CDN), devido ao fato deste operador central do sistema ser extremo e revelador. Esta pesquisa permitiu descrever com clareza o sistema logístico e, em específico, o de transporte de ativos digitais de música pela internet identificando atores, estrutura, processos, relações, fluxos e características dos transportes deste complexo e novo sistema, antes não verificados pela literatura acadêmica. Também foi desenvolvido outro estudo de caso sobre um e-tailer (loja de comércio virtual pela internet de CDs físicos). A comparação entre os estudos de caso permitiu demonstrar as diferenças entre o comércio de ativos digitais de música pela internet e o comércio virtual de CDs físicos, assim como a evolução deles. O conhecimento de como funciona este sistema de distribuição tem grande impacto não apenas na indústria da música, mas também em todos os setores relacionados com ativos digitais, como filmes, televisão, vídeos, jogos, publicações, educação e softwares, permitindo entender como alcançar sob a ótica da logística e, em especial, de transportes, o mercado potencial de mais de 2,2 bilhões de usuários da internet / Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to describe how music digital assets are distributed through the internet, from a logistics and specifically a transportation point of view. The Single-Case Study methodology was used with a descriptive approach. Initially the scope of the description was defined and the Digital Supply Chain of digital music was characterized in order to understand the problem and develop the research question. Furthermore a theoretical framework was developed based on a literature review complemented with other information sources. Next, a single-case study was developed, due to being extreme and revelatory, of the central operator of this system known as Content Delivery Network (CDN) management company. This research clearly describes the logistics system and especially the transportation of music digital assets through the internet identifying the players, structure, processes, relationships, flows and transportation characteristics of this complex and new system not verified before in the academic literature. A second case-study was developed of an e-tailer (e-commerce retailer that sells physical CDs). The comparison between both case-studies allowed demonstrating the differences and the evolution of the commerce of music digital assets and the sales of physical CDs through the internet. The knowledge of how this distribution system works has a great impact not only on the music industry, but on all sectors related with digital assets like movies, television, videogames, publishing, education and softwares. It allows understanding how to reach from a logistics and specifically transportation, a potential market of over 2.2 billion users of the internet / Doutorado / Transportes / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

Scientists make use of the Internet for quite some time now. In the humanities it has only recently become accepted more widely. The Swiss Society of African Studies reacted sceptically when Roger Pfister first introduced his project. In. his preface, Beat Sottas, the society`s president admits that their committee was `wondering about such a project`but that finally the `initiative turned out to be highly significant at the time being.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many organisations consider technology as a significant asset to generate income and control cost. The World Wide Web (henceforth referred to as the Web), is recognised as the fastest growing publication medium of all time, now containing well over 1 trillion URLs. In order to stay competitive it is crucial to stay up to date with technological trends that create new opportunities for organisations, as well as creating risks. The Web acts as an enabler for technological advancement, and matures in its own unique way. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0, it progressed into the interactive experience Web 2.0 provides. The next phase of Web evolution, Web 3.0, is already in progress. Web 3.0 entails an integrated Web experience where the machine will be able to understand and catalogue data in a manner similar to humans. This will facilitate a world wide data warehouse where any format of data can be shared and understood by any device over any network. The evolution of the Web will bring forth new opportunities as well as challenges. Organisations need to be ready, and acquire knowledge about the opportunities and risks arising from Web 3.0 technologies. The purpose of this study is to define Web 3.0, and identify new opportunities and risks associated with Web 3.0 technologies by using a control framework. Identified opportunities can mainly be characterised as the autonomous integration of data and services which increases the pre-existing capabilities of Web services, as well as the creation of new functionalities. The identified risks mainly concern unauthorised access and manipulation of data; autonomous initiation of actions, and the development of scripts and languages. Risks will be mitigated by control procedures which organisations need to implement (examples include but is not limited to encryptions; access control; filtering; language and ontology development control procedures; education of consumers and usage policies). The findings will assist management in addressing the key focus areas of opportunities and risks when implementing a new technology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie organisasies beskou tegnologie as 'n belangrike bate om inkomste te genereer en kostes te beheer. Die Wêreldwye Web (voorts na verwys as die Web), word erken as die vinnigste groeiende publikasiemedium van alle tye, met tans meer as 1 triljoen URLs. Ten einde kompeterend te bly, is dit noodsaaklik om op datum te bly met tegnologiese tendense wat nuwe geleenthede, sowel as risikos, vir organisasies kan skep. Die Web fasiliteer tegnologiese vooruitgang, en ontwikkel op sy eie unieke manier. Vanaf die statiese informatiewe eienskappe van Web 1.0, het dit ontwikkel tot die interaktiewe ervaring wat Web 2.0 bied. Die volgende fase van Web-ontwikkeling, Web 3.0, is reeds in die proses van ontwikkeling. Web 3.0 behels 'n geïntegreerde Web-ervaring waar ʼn masjien in staat sal wees om data te verstaan en te kategoriseer op ʼn soortgelyke wyse as wat ʼn mens sou kon. Dit sal lei tot 'n wêreldwye databasis waar enige vorm van data gedeel en verstaan kan word deur enige toestel oor enige netwerk. Die ontwikkeling van die Web sal lei tot die ontstaan van nuwe geleenthede, sowel as uitdagings. Dit is noodsaaklik dat organisasies bewus sal wees hiervan, en dat hulle oor genoegsame kennis sal beskik met betrekking tot die geleenthede en risikos wat voortspruit uit Web 3.0 tegnologieë. Die doel van hierdie studie is om Web 3.0 te definieer, en nuwe geleenthede en risikos wat verband hou met Web 3.0 tegnologieë, te identifiseer deur gebruik te maak van ʼn kontrole raamwerk. Geleenthede wat geïdentifiseer is, word hoofsaaklik gekenmerk deur outonome integrasie van data en dienste wat lei tot ʼn toename in die vermoëns van reeds bestaande Webdienste, sowel as die skepping van nuwe funksionaliteite. Die risikos wat geïdentifiseer is, word hoofsaaklik gekenmerk deur ongemagtigde toegang en manipulasie van data; outonome inisieering van aksies, en die ontwikkeling van programskrifte en tale. Risikos wat geïdentifiseer is, sal aangespreek word deur die implementering van voorgestelde kontroleprosedures om sodanige risikos te verminder tot ʼn aanvaarbare vlak (voorbeelde sluit in maar is nie beperk tot enkripsie; toegangkontroles; filters; programmatuur taal en ontologie ontwikkels kontroles prosedures; opleiding van gebruikers en ontwikkelaars en beleide ten op sigte van gebruik van tegnologië). Die bevindinge sal bestuur in staat stel om die sleutelfokus-areas van geleenthede en risikos te adresseer gedurende die implementering van 'n nuwe tegnologie.