This study examines the healthworlds of first-generation Chinese immigrants in Boston's Chinatown. Through participant observation and interviews conducted within a local church and a local park community, three key issues emerged: how the space of Chinatown influences people's post-immigration healthworlds; the dynamics of community health supports and health challenges; and the daily health lives of these immigrant individuals within their respective families. Likewise, complex understandings of health coverage emerge that include not only health insurance, but also social forms of insurance. Community integration becomes not only a cultural tradition, but also how health resources and health support are linked and provided. This social form of insurance makes it possible for community members to reach out cultural and religious health resources and support in the context of everyday life.

This dissertation traces the recovery of the landscape idea during the middle decades of the 20th century by a group of public intellectuals, scholars and designers responding to the everyday realities of the modern American built environment. That recovery served as a corrective to modernism's construction of landscape as either abstract utopian space or retrogressive historical tableau. The primary catalyst for this renewed interest in landscape as a representation of human cultures and their complex relationship with the natural world was the essayist and critic John Brinckerhoff Jackson (1909-1996) and his magazine Landscape. During the years of Jackson's editorship (1951-1968), the magazine became a locus for intellectual exchange, a gathering place for a community of scholars from different disciplines who were drawn to Jackson's unique voice. Jackson's essays in the magazine used the term landscape in a way that was not common outside of the field of human geography. Here landscape did not describe a picturesque or painterly scene, nor did it describe a process of beautification. Jackson wrote of landscapes that seemed somewhat prosaic: the everyday, ordinary environments of city streets, rural farms, individual dwellings, highways and the commercial strip. He insisted that understanding how to read these places for their social, cultural and ecological content was a necessary--though too rarely employed--prelude to imagining new prototypes for the design and management of human environments. The mid-century intellectual milieu fostered by J.B. Jackson ultimately nurtured a contemporary (and still evolving) understanding of landscape as a conceptual medium composed of a diversity of cultures, layers of visible history and hidden narratives and an interdependent human ecology that continues to shape landscape theory and practice today.

The research draws on an ethnographic research and explores the everyday practice of collective action in Ugbawka in Enugu State by using interviews and participant observation. The study reveals that smallholder collective action is not best fitted into formal institutional arrangement but takes place within a complex and intricate process that involves interaction with diversity of institutions and actors. Equally, the interactions that occur amongst actors are mediated at the community level through interplay of socio-cultural and political factors. This study recognises and places emphasis on understanding of agency and the exercise of agency at the local level arguing that smallholder farmers are not robot but active individual who exercise their agency purposively or impulsively depending on conditions and the assets available at their disposition as well as their ability to navigate the intricate power dynamic inherent at local context. The thesis thus questioned the simplistic use of formal institutional collective action framework in smallholder collective action at the community level and argues that institutions are not static and do not determine outcomes but are informed by the prevailing conditions at the community level. The study emphasises the role of existing institutions and socially embedded principles in community governance and argues that actors should be the focus of analysis rather than the system in understanding smallholder collective action. The study concludes by advocating for further research that could explore the possibility of hybrid approach that accepts the advantages of both formal and informal institutional forms of smallholder collective action.

Bakgrund: Det finns ett stort intresse för hemdialys. Sjuksköterskan ska jobba personcentrerat och främja personers självbestämmande redan vid val av dialysmetod och vid undervisningen av hemdialys. Användningen av hemsjukvård ökar och därav behovet av kunniga sjuksköterskor inom hemdialys. Sjuksköterskan ska stötta personer i sin egenvård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva personers upplevelser av hur vardagslivet påverkas vid dialysbehandling i hemmet. Metod: Studiens design var en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats, utförd med strukturerad sökmetod och innehållsanalys. Resultat: Personerna upplevde ett påverkat vardagsliv med fysiska begränsningar, medikalisering av hemmet och ett försämrat psykiskt mående. Det var svårt att koordinera dialysschemat mot arbete, fritidsintressen och familjeliv. Livet med hemdialys upplevdes också som ett normaliserat liv i jämförelse med hemodialys på mottagning. Resultatet delades in i tre huvudkategorier: Fysisk påverkan, Praktisk påverkan och Psykisk påverkan. Konklusion: Personer upplevde vardagslivet som förändrat, men uppskattade att möjligheten till hemsjukvård fanns. Genom en grundlig och individanpassad utbildning kunde sjuksköterskan ge en god och trygg start på behandlingsmetoden som gav personen verktyg till att hantera sin egenvård så bra som möjligt. / Background: There’s a big interest in home dialysis. The nurse’s task is to use person-centred care and to promote people’s autonomy. This should be applied when helping people choose dialysis modalities and during the training programs. The utilisation of home care is increasing and therefore the need of nurses with home dialysis knowledge. The nurse should support people in their self-care. Aim: The aim was to describe the experiences of people’s everyday life when using home dialysis. Method: A general literature review with inductive approach. A structured search method and a content analysis were used. Results: People experienced a changed everyday life in terms of physical limitations, medicalisation of the home and a deteriorated psychological well-being. The people found difficulties coordinating the dialysis schedule with work life, family life and hobbies. Life with home dialysis were also seen as normal compared to in-centre dialysis. The result generated into three main categories: Physical impact, Practical impact and Psychological impact. Conclusions: People experienced everyday life as changed but appreciated the possibility to dialyse at home. With a thorough and individualized training, the nurse can give people a good and safe start to the treatment as well as tools to manage selfcare

This dissertation explores the everyday practice of home and community vegetable gardening in a small southern Illinois city. The project engages with questions of how diverse elements of practice interact over time in the development of both gardens and gardeners, dwelling particularly on how the material agency of nonhumans contributes to what emerges. Combining a broad investigation of societal influences and constraints involved in gardening practices with a granular focus on material interactions in the garden, I consider the kinds of relationships individuals forge with the nonhuman environment in a modern, Western context and how they do so. Understanding such connections is essential in formulating responses to contemporary environmental crises. The study addresses multiple topics of interest in anthropology including skill and learning, sensory experience, time, care practices, ecological embeddedness, and community building in social movements.

Bakgrund: Stroke är en sjukdom som drabbar många människor i hela världen. Detta leder till stora vårdkostnader och lidande för patienterna. Komplikationer av en stroke kan ledda till långvarig sjukhusvistelse, ökade sjukvårdskostnader, försvåra återhämtningen samt orsaka dödsfall. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur personer med kvarstående komplikationer efter en stroke upplever det dagliga livet. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga, kvalitativa artiklar. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna, CINHAL Complete och PubMed, med sökorden Complications, Experiences, Everyday life, Individuality och Stroke. Artiklarna analyserades i fyra steg där likheter och skillnader kategoriserades och tematiserades. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra teman; Upplevelser av ett begränsat liv som beskriver hur kognitiva begränsningar identifierades som ett problem för deltagarna i det dagliga livet, Upplevelser av rädsla inför framtiden, hur stroke är en traumatisk oväntad händelse som orsakar känslor av rädsla och hopplöshet, Uppleva tacksamhet beskriver positiva reflektioner om livet efter stroke Upplevelser av det livsviktiga sociala stödet beskriver om vikten av socialt stöd och hur familjerelationer var en stor del av livet.  Sammanfattning: Resultatet i denna litteraturöversikt lyfte fram hur att inte kunna utföra vardagliga aktiviteter påverkade deltagarnas självförtroende, motivation och tålamod. Där det beskrev att en stor förändring i livet inträffar efter att ha drabbats av stroke. En av de var att förlora tidigare förmågor och vardagsrutiner beskrev de som en besvikelse. Trots besvikelsen hade deltagarna också positiva reflektioner över livet trots att de sörjde över sina tidigare förmågor. / Background: Stroke is a disease that affects many people worldwide. Having a stroke can have numerous complications, including extended hospitalizations, increased medical costs, difficulty recovering, and evendeath in the most extreme cases. Aim: The aim is to describe how people with residual complications after a stroke experience in daily life. Method: The research method was a literature review based on ten scientific qualitative articles. The articles were searched in two databases, CINHALComplete and PubMed. With the keywords Complications, Experiences, Everyday life, Individuality and Stroke. The articles were analyzed in four steps where similarities and differences were categorized and thematized. Results: As part of the analysis, four main themes were identified; Experiences of a limited life, depicting how cognitive limitations are acknowledged as a problem in daily life. Experiences of fear of the future, describing how stroke is a traumaticsurprise that causes feelings of fear and hopelessness. Experiencing gratitude describing reflections on life after stroke despite previous abilities, and Lastly. Experiences of vital social support talking about the value of social supportand the role of family relationships. Summary: The results of this literature review highlighted how not being able to perform everyday activities affected the participants' self-confidence, motivation, and patience. As a result of suffering a stroke, a significant change in life occurs. One of them was losing previous abilities and going through daily routines they described as disappointing. Despite the disappointment, the participants also had positive reflections on life despite mourning their former abilities.

Bakgrund och problem: Studien har avsikt att undersöka hur det vardagliga ledarskapet uppfattas av medarbetare inom Borås Stad. Detta eftersom att ledarskap idag kan definieras och uppfattas olika beroende på bakomliggande faktorer, exempelvis hur det skiljer sig mellan det uppfattade manliga respektive kvinnliga ledarskapet. Syfte och metod: Det primära syftet med denna studie är öka förståelsen vad gäller uppfattade ledarskapsutmaningar, om det skiljer sig mellan ett manligt och kvinnligt ledarskap och hur det vardagliga ledarskapet uppfattas bland medarbetarna inom den offentliga sektorn. Metoden som har använts i denna studie är en kvalitativ empirisk ansats, närmare bestämt semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio medarbetare inom Borås stad där hälften av undersökningspersonerna har en manlig- respektive kvinnlig ledare. Resultat: Resultatet av den empiriska studien tyder på att det föreligger en samstämmighet hos medarbetare inom Borås Stad gällande hur de upplever det vardagliga ledarskapet. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats utifrån ledarskapsteorier, transformativt ledarskap, medarbetarskap och genusperspektiv. Slutsats: I den utvalda organisationen inom den offentliga sektorn i Borås Stad är medarbetarna överlag mycket nöjda med hur det vardagliga ledarskapet utförs i praktiken. Medarbetarna inom Borås Stad anser att det inte förekommer större skillnader hur medarbetarna uppfattar det vardagliga ledarskapet, beroende på om medarbetarna innehar manliga eller kvinnliga ledare. Medarbetarna är tillfredsställda med hur organisationen arbetar med involvering av medarbetare men att det finns potential till förbättring vid större organisationsförändringar. / Background and problem: The study intends to investigate how everyday leadership is perceived by employees within the Borås Stad. This is because leadership today can be defined and perceived differently depending on underlying factors, for example how it differs between male and female leadership. Purpose and method: The primary purpose of this study is to increase understanding regarding perceived leadership challenges, whether there is a difference between male and female leadership and how everyday leadership is perceived among employees in the public sector. The method that has been used in this study is a qualitative empirical approach, more precisely semi-structured interviews with ten employees within Borås Stad where half of the respondents have a male or female boss. Results: The results of the empirical study indicate that there is a consensus among employees within Borås Stad regarding how they experience everyday leadership. The collected material has been analyzed based on leadership theories, transformative leadership, employeeship and gender perspective. Conclusion: In the selected organization within the public sector in Borås Stad, the employees are generally very satisfied with how the everyday leadership is carried out in practice. The employees within Borås Stad believe that there are no major differences in how the employees perceive everyday leadership, depending on whether the employees have male or female leaders. The employees are satisfied with how the organization works with the involvement of employees, but that there is potential for improvement in case of major organizational changes.

OBJECTIVE: Everyday tasks, such as meal preparation and bill paying, require the coordination of multiple cognitive processes and are essential for independent living. In dementia, cognitive impairment disrupts the ability to perform everyday tasks, though subtle difficulties occur prior to the onset of a frank dementia and predict risk of further decline. Current clinical methods of assessing everyday functioning fail to elucidate the reasons people experience mild functional difficulties, but new sensitive and objective measures of mild functional difficulties may advance our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms associated with very early functional decline. In separate paradigms, prior work has identified two markers of mild functional difficulties that distinguish healthy older adults from younger adults: (1) micro errors, inefficient reaching movements (e.g., reaching for but not using a distractor object) and (2) inefficient eye movements during verbal description of common everyday activities (e.g., making coffee). The present study used a novel single, streamlined paradigm that integrates analysis of inefficient eye movements with inefficient reaching to increase sensitivity for early detection and advance our understanding of mild functional difficulties. METHODS: Thirty-four older adults with healthy cognition (n = 28) or mild cognitive impairment (n = 6) completed a novel, non-immersive virtual reality (VR) test involving two everyday tasks (Breakfast and Lunch) during which both eye movements and reaching movements were measured. Participants also completed clinical questionnaires and a performance-based test (with real objects) of everyday functioning as well as cognitive testing. Analyses examined whether eye movements are (1) associated with precision of reaching movements during the VR task (Aim 1); (2) associated with clinical measures of everyday function (Aim 2); and (3) show meaningful patterns across the VR tasks (beginning vs. end; between vs. within subtask) that are differentially associated with cognitive measures (Aim 3). RESULTS: Within the VR task, participants spent the highest proportion of time viewing objects necessary for completion of the current task step (target objects) compared to distractor objects or objects not needed at the current task step. Relations between efficiency of eye movements and reaching movements during the VR task were not statistically significant (Aim1). Time spent viewing non-target objects in the VR task was moderately correlated with errors on the performance-based test, but not with clinical questionnaires of everyday functioning (Aim 2). Participants spent a greater proportion of time viewing non-target objects at the beginning of the task sequence compared to later in the task sequence, as well as between sub-tasks compared to within sub-tasks, but correlation coefficients between these viewing patterns and cognitive tests failed to reach statistical significance (Aim 3). CONCLUSIONS: Results provide preliminary evidence that eye movements during execution of a VR task of everyday functioning involving reaching movements may be a reliable and sensitive measure of subtle, real-world functional difficulties. Eye movement patterns suggest premature decay of task goals and interference from competing task goals are mechanisms that may contribute to early functional decline in older adults. Further study is required to demonstrate the utility of eye movements in predicting cognitive and functional decline in older adults. / Psychology

Bakgrund: Stroke är en allvarlig sjukdom och leder oftast till kvarstående symtom för den drabbade. Livskvalitén påverkas negativt och sjukdomen kräver en lång återhämtningsprocess som kräver både tålamod och energi. Stödet som sjuksköterskan ger är viktig och underlättar återhämtningsprocessen. Delaktigheten är också viktig och främjar patientens välbefinnande.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva personers erfarenheter av att ha drabbats av stroke i arbetsför ålder. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie valdes där sju kvalitativa artiklar med patientperspektiv analyserats. Resultat: Ur analysen framkom tre kategorier; Förändrad vardag, återgå till normalvardag och vill vara en del av samhället med åtta underkategorier. Konklusion: Deltagarna upplever att livet förändras och behöver struktureras och prioriteras om. Stödet från omgivningen är betydelsefullt för återhämtningen och bidrar till att deltagarna blir motiverade att fortsätta framåt. / Background: Stroke is a serious illness and usually leads to persistent symptoms for the sufferer. The quality of life is negatively affected and the disease requires a long recovery process that requires both patience and energy. The support provided by the nurse is important and facilitates the recovery process. Participation is also important and promotes the patient's well-being. Aim: The purpose was to describe people's experiences of having suffered a stroke in working age. Method: A literature-based study was chosen and seven articles with patient perspective were analyzed. Findings: Three categories emerged from the analysis; Changed everyday life, to return to normal everyday life and want to be part of society with eight subcategories.  Conclusion: The participants feel that life is changing and needs to be structured and prioritized again. The support from the environment is important for the recovery and contributes to the participants being motivated to continue forward.

No description available.