Using a qualitative, gender-sensitive approach, this particular case study explores the narratives of a group of white, Afrikaans-speaking, women employed in the financial sector of Gauteng. All of the participants were managers on various levels of the management hierarchy at the time of the interviews. I have chosen various feminist approaches to frame my study. These include standpoint feminism, intersectionality and moral feminism. Furthermore, I have incorporated theories around socialisation and the interpretive social science approach. Based on semi-structured interviews this study has aimed to explore women's experiences regarding their political context and their socialisation process and how this affects their career choices and ideals on how to 'balance' work and home life. In terms of career life, this study has attempted to illustrate some of the obstacles that women face when it comes to being promoted, but it has also looked at the positive elements of being a so-called 'career woman'. It has further attempted to show how women exude agency when they attempt to challenge out-dated but present patriarchal norms and values. This study has attempted to show how working women try to manage spending the little free time they have with family and their children and how most of them still have to assume the bulk of the home responsibilities. This particular group's position is fairly ambiguous within contemporary South African society, since they have been known to have enjoyed certain privileges in the past relative to other groups, but they have also suffered and still suffer gender discrimination and gender inequality under patriarchy. Recently some have come to question whether white women should also benefit from Affirmative Action policies. This is not an easy question to answer since it has been widely acknowledged that women experienced discrimination and gender inequality during the apartheid era differently (Kongolo&Bojuwoye 2006: 364). Thus, it is important to understand their accounts of the past, as well as, the future. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie volg ʼn kwalitatiewe, gender-sensitiewe benadering wat die narratiewe ondersoek van ʼn geselekteerde groep wit, Afrikaans-sprekende vrouens wat tans aangestel is in die finansiële sektor van Gauteng. Al die deelnemers was aangestel as bestuurders op verskeie vlakke van die bestuurshiërargie. Ek het verskeie feministiese benaderings gebruik om my studie te raam, naamlik, standpunt feminisme, interseksionaliteit en morele feminisme. Verder het ek ook teorieë rondom sosialisering en die interpretatiewe sosiale wetenskap benadering, gebruik. Hierdie studie is gebaseer op semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude wat poog om vrouens se ervarings rondom hulle politieke konteks en hul sosialiseringsproses te ondersoek. Dit poog verder om te sien hoe die bogenoemde aspekte die deelnemers se keuses rondom loopbane en ideale beinvloed, veral ten opsigte van hoe hulle hul werk en huislewe 'balanseer'. Met betrekking tot loopbane, kyk hierdie studie na die potensiële struikelblokke wat kan voorkom in terme van verhogings en ander moontlikhede, maar ek ondersoek ook die positiewe elemente wat voorkom as mens ʼn loopbaan-gedrewe vrou is. Verder word daar gekyk na hoe vroue hul agentskap bewys wanneer hulle poog om argaïese, patriargale norme en waardes uit te daag in die werksomgewing asook die huishouding. Hierdie studie bestudeer hoe werkende vroue probeer om die beperkte tyd wat hulle het, te spandeer met hulle gesinne en kinders maar ook hoe hulle nog steeds die meerderheid van die huishoudelike take moet verrig. Hierdie spesifieke groep se posisie is dubbelsinnig in die kontemporêre Suid Afrikaanse konteks, want in die verlede het hulle sekere voordele bo ander groepe geniet, maar hulle het ook onderdrukking ondervind, en hulle ondervind dit steeds ten opsigte van patriargie. Onlangs was daar bevraagteken of wit vroue ook voordeel moet trek uit regstellende aksie wetgewing. Dit is nie ʼn maklike vraag om te beantwoord nie, maar dit is alombekend dat die meerderheid Suid Afrikaanse, vrouens diskriminasie en gender ongelykheid ervaar het tydens die apartheid era, al was hierdie ervarings verskillend (Kongolo&Bojuwoye 2006: 364). Dus, is dit belangrik om die perspektiewe oor die verlede en die toekoms in ag te neem wanneer daar gepoog word om huidige besluite te verstaan. Copyright / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Sociology / unrestricted

Med en utvecklingstakt som ökar exponentiellt, där ny teknologi och globalisering ärframåtdrivande faktorer, är det inte konstigt att det har blivit viktigare för företag att förändraoch utveckla sig om de vill fortsätta vara konkurrenskraftiga. Att kontinuerligt innovera ärnumer vitalt för att långsiktigt lyckas på en marknad. Som nästan alla sektorer och branscherså har den finansiella sektorn erfarit stora förändringar. Ny teknologi har gjort det möjligt förföretag att erbjuda smarta finansiella tjänster, något som hotar de traditionella storbankernasvinster och marknadsinnehav. Innovation management är ett forskningsämne som handlar omhur organisationer strukturerat kan styra, och arbeta med, sitt innovationsarbete och viidentifierade ett forskningsgap avseende hur svenska företag, inom den finansiella sektorn,arbetar med innovation management. Genom en komparativ fallstudie, baserad på primärtsemistrukturerade intervjuer med en efterföljande tematisk analys, undersökte vi hur svenskastorbanker och fintechbolag gör detta. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten skedde i Tidd ochBessants (2018) modell över innovation management och vi identifierade både likheter ochskillnader mellan de undersökta fallen. Resultaten tyder på att samtliga undersökta företagaktivt arbetar med innovation management, i olika mån. Exempelvis återfanns det likhetermellan företagens innovationsfaser, hur de betonade vikten av kontinuerlig innovation och enbalans mellan att utforska och utnyttja. Men fintecbolagen applicerade exempelvis flermetoder för att uppnå ett högt innovationsengagemang medan storbankerna fokuserade merpå inkrementell innovation internt och hämtade mer disruptiva komponenter från den externamiljön. Flera skillnader mellan storbankerna och fintechbolagen sinsemellan identifieradesockså. Resultaten bidrar till att öka förståelsen för innovation management och bidrar såledesbåde till teorin och praktiken.

Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på varför företag implementerar IFRS 9 och vad för effekter som tillkommer. Men det är få studier som diskuterar implementeringsprocessen av IFRS 9. IFRS 9 ersätter den gamla IAS 39. Detta har lett till att redovisningen har bytt från regelbaserad till principbaserad. Studiens syfte är att ta reda på implementeringsprocessen av IFRS 9 hos företag inom den svenska finansiella sektorn. Ämnet är relativt nytt då IFRS 9 var obligatoriskt för börsnoterade företag år 2018. Det är relativt få studie inom området och ännu färre hur processen fungerar. För att utföra studiens syfte har vi använt oss av intervju som primär data och dokument som sekundär data. Studien byggersig på process theory som förklarar förändringsprocessen inom en organisation.  Studiens resultat visar att implementeringsprocessen på de flesta verksamhet har varit relativt lika. Ett stort fokusområde har varit på klassificering och värdering av tillgångar och nedskrivning. Däremot har det skett på olika grad beroende på vilken bransch som har tagit åt sig IFRS 9. Banker har haft ett stort fokus på nedskrivningar medan företag som vill uppnå den legala delen har hållit sig endast till klassificering och värdering av tillgångar. Studiens bidrag har varit att skapa en bättre förståelse av implementeringsprocessen av IFRS 9 och framtida implementeringsprocess. / Previous research has focused on why companies have adopted IFRS 9 and what effects it has. However, few studies discuss the implementation process of IFRS 9. IFRS 9 replaces the old IAS 39standard. This has led to the accounting being changed from rule-based to principle-based. The purpose of the study is to find out the implementation process of IFRS 9 for companies in the Swedish financial sector. The subject is relatively new as IFRS 9 was mandatory for listed companies in 2018. There are relatively few studies in that area and even fewer pm how the process works. To carry out the purpose of the study, we have used interviews as primary data and documents as secondary data. The purpose of the study is based on process theory that explains the changes within a company. The results of the study show that the implementation process on most businesses has been relatively similar. A large focus area has been on classification and valuation of assets and impairment. On the other hand, this has occurred on varying degrees depending on which industry has adopted IFRS 9. Banks have had a strong focus on impairment, while companies that just want to achieve the legal part have only adhered to the classification and valuation of assets. The study's contribution has been to create a better understanding of the implementation process of IFRS 9 and any future implementation processes.

The banking sector is experiencing an increasing interest in evaluating environmental performance, social responsibility, and corporate governance (ESG), since the internationalcontext aroused discussions on advantages of incorporating ESG-related policies. Therefore,significant relationships between ESG engagement and financial performance and stabilityare expected. This study aims to analyse the impact of ESG engagement on financial stabilityin the banking sector including the period of economic distress. A sample size of 72 listedEuropean banks is studied during the period 2017-2022, using regression analysis. Z-score,Non-performing loan ratio and Tobin’s Q are proxies used to measure banks’ financialstability. Combined ESG score and individual Social, Environmental, and Governance pillarsfrom Refinitiv Eikon database are the target variables. Contrary to expectations, the findingsreveal that ESG engagement does not have a significant positive impact on financial stabilitywithin the banking sector. However, interestingly, among the three ESG pillars the social oneseems to decrease financial stability of banks in some estimations. It is also notable that theregression coefficients for target variables are quite low, especially in comparison withfinancial performance variables ROA and ROE, which indicates that ESG engagement maynot be the most influential factor in banks’ financial stability.

L'usage des outils technologiques dans l'entreprise engendre généralement des détournements susceptibles d'influencer sa finalité. Dans cette étude nous nous intéressons à l'appropriation d'outils par les acteurs en vue de prédire la performance technologique des entreprises.Pour étayer cette préoccupation, deux approches méthodologiques ont été empruntées. Une première approche qualitative, soutenue par 13 entretiens menés auprès des responsables d'entreprises du secteur financier camerounais, a facilité la conception d'un questionnaire compréhensible par les enquêtés. À l'aide d'une seconde approche quantitative complémentaire, 365 cadres financiers au Cameroun ont répondu à ce questionnaire.Les résultats obtenus restent dans le prolongement de la perspective structurante adoptée dans cette recherche mais suggèrent la prise en compte de la diversité socio-économique et culturelle dans les questionnements d'appropriation d'outils. Contrairement aux idées majoritaires de la littérature, les outils technologiques utilisés par nos enquêtés ne sauraient être orientés à d'autres fins que celles prédéfinies par leur hiérarchie. Les limites d'usage, la faible intensité d'utilisation d'outils et le niveau de formation moyen des usagers justifieraient le manque d'idées d'appropriation d'outils dans ce secteur. En somme, seule la rapidité d'exécution est perçue comme une performance technologique par les cadres financiers camerounais. Cette performance est déterminée significativement par deux types d'appropriation : l'une, innovante, développée pour résoudre les imprévus de l'activité de travail et une autre, légitimée, acquise naturellement par expérience. Cette recherche interpelle donc les managers à tenir compte des facteurs sociologiques des organisations pour favoriser leur performance technologique. / The use of technological tools in companies can creates a change in the goals expected. This work deals with how these tools are used in order to predict the technological performances of companies.To reach this objective, we have combined, firstly, a quality method which, through interviews of 13 companies' executives of Cameroonian financial sector, made it easy for us to work out a set of questions understandable by everyone. Secondly, a complementary quantity method in which 365 financial agents of Cameroon working in Douala and Yaoundé answered different questions related with the mastering of technological tools.The results obtained respect the main objective of this research work, but , however, imply that social, economic and cultural parameters are taken into account in questions on the mastering of technological tools. Contrary to what suggested in the list of documents consulted, in the Cameroonian financial sector, technological tools are used only to reach the goals fixed by the hierarchy in advance. Non expected results are due to rough and low use of tools in companies, as well as to average training level of users. Which clearly means that technological tools are not mastered in that sector.On the whole, only one aspect of performance is noted in the use of technological tools by Cameroonian financial agents, depending on the environment: speedy execution. This performance is determined by two appropriation methods, one of which tends at innovating in order to solve unpredicted problems that appear in everyday work, the other naturally acquired through experience from everyday use of tools. This research work calls on managers' attention to integrate sociological factors of organizations so as to favor their technological performance.

Bakgrunden till denna studien tar avstamp i de ständigt ökade regleringarna inom den finansiella sektorn, särskilt inom bank och försäkring. Denna sektor har upplevt tyngre regleringar sedan Enron skandalen 2001 vilket kulminerade till Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002, som fortfarande är aktivt reglerad idag. Under 2018 tillkom två nya regleringar som trädde i kraft för den svenska finansiella sektorn, nämligen “Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II” (MiFID II) och Lagen (2018:1219) om Försäkringsdistribution (LFD). Dessa tillkomna regleringar kan ha en inverkan på chefer och deras ledarskap på verksamheter inom bank och försäkring. Syftet med denna studie är att illustrera potentiella indikatorer om, och hur, nya finansiella regleringar kan inverka på chefers ledarskap. Studien har därav ämnat sig till att använda transaktionell respektive transformativ ledarskapsteori för att tolka och analysera tio chefers upplevelser av de ökade regleringarna. Den empiriska data som har samlats in från en organisation, verksam inom bank- och försäkring, indikerar på att regleringarna kan ha påtagliga effekter på chefers ledarskap. Cheferna återgav ett ökat bruk av transaktionellt ledarskap genom direkt kontroll. Detta då de behövde säkerställa om medarbetarna efterlevde de nya regleringarna. Några av cheferna uttryckte framträdande förändringar i ledarskapet efter att de nya regleringarna trätt i kraft. Detta resulterade i ett mer kontrollerande och transaktionellt ledarskap, då den större delen av tiden spenderades på kontroller och lämnade således mindre utrymme för det transformativa ledarskapet. Vid införandet av en administrativ roll avlastades stora delar av det administrativa arbetet för cheferna, så de återigen kunde återvända till deras tidigare utövade ledarskap. Studien konkluderar att det finns indikationer på att regleringar kan påverka chefers ledarskap men kan till stor del bero på hur verksamheten väljer att delegera det administrativa arbetet. Det finns även indikationer som visar att nya regleringar kan gynna vissa ledarskapsstilar. Vid ökade kontroller indikerar det, som ovannämnt, ett ökat bruk av direkt kontroll, ett typiskt drag hos det transaktionella ledarskapet. Å andra sidan indikerar avskaffandet av kontingentbelöningar inom försäljning, ett ökat användande av ett transformativt ledarskap. / The background of this study originates in the expanding regulation of the financial sector, specifically within the banking and insurance business. This sector has experienced heavier regulations since the Enron scandal in 2001 which culminated in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and is still being actively regulated today. During 2018, two new regulatory frameworks were added to the Swedish financial sector, namely Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) and the Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD). This, and any other new addition to the legal framework, may affect managers and their leadership within an organization which operates within the banking and insurance business. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how new financial regulations may affect managers’ leadership. The study has therefore employed the use of transactional and transformative leadership theory to analyze ten managers’ personal experiences of the increased regulatory framework. The empirical data gathered from an organization currently operational within the banking and insurance sector suggest that regulations may have tangible effects on the managers employed there. The managers reported an increased use of direct control, whereby they would examine if their subordinates were compliant with the new regulations or not. Some of the managers expressed significant alterations in their leadership when the new frameworks were first introduced which resulted in a more controlling and transactional leadership, as most of their time was spent assuring employee compliance. However, upon the implementation of an administrative role that relieved the managers of most of the compliance control, they could once more return to their favored leadership style. The study concludes that there are indications of the regulations affecting managers’ leadership but that it’s heavily dependent on how an organization chooses to delegate the compliance work. There are also certain indications that the nature of new regulations could favor certain leadership styles. An increase in compliance work also suggests an increase in the use of direct control, a common trait in transactional leadership. On the other hand, the abolishment of contingent rewards for sales indicates an increase use of transformational leadership.

A presente pesquisa busca discutir as transformações ocorridas no setor imobiliário brasileiro e a produção do espaço após a abertura econômica do Brasil, ocorrida na década de 1990, quando foi criado o sistema de financiamento imobiliário (SFI) com novos mecanismos de segurança (alienação fiduciária) e novas formas de captação de recursos (securitização) e, posteriormente, com a entrada das incorporadoras no mercado de capitais. A partir desse entendimento, nosso esforço busca demonstrar que embora as leis tenham possibilitado a ampliação da oferta dos produtos imobiliários residenciais, não buscavam levar moradia à população brasileira, especialmente a mais pobre, mas em inserir a habitação nas estratégias de reprodução dos capitais do setor financeiro-imobiliário, uma vez que essas transformações no setor imobiliário demonstram-se voltadas à superação (de partes) dos obstáculos impostos à produção do espaço. O local escolhido para analisar os imbricamentos dessas transformações com a produção do espaço foi o município de São José dos Campos, localizado no Vale do Paraíba Paulista, no interior paulista. / This research aims at discussing the changes in the Brazilian real estate industry and the production of space after the economic liberalization of Brazil, which occurred in the 1990s. It was when the housing finance system - sistema de financiamento imobiliário- (SFI) was created with new credit security mechanisms -alienação fiduciária- (lien) as well as new fundraising forms (securitization) with the entry of developers in the capital market. From this understanding, our efforts aim to demonstrate that despite of the expansion of credit offer to residential real state products, they did not seek to broaden the offer of housing to the Brazilian population, especially to the poorest. Its main goal was to insert as well as habitation in the strategies of reproduction of capital in the real estate/financial sector. This happens due to the changes in the real estate/financial field, which were aimed at overcoming parts of the setbacks imposed on the production of space. The place for the analysis of the imbrications of these changes along with space production is São José dos Campos in Vale do Paraíba Paulista, in the countryside the state of São Paulo.

A presente pesquisa busca discutir as transformações ocorridas no setor imobiliário brasileiro e a produção do espaço após a abertura econômica do Brasil, ocorrida na década de 1990, quando foi criado o sistema de financiamento imobiliário (SFI) com novos mecanismos de segurança (alienação fiduciária) e novas formas de captação de recursos (securitização) e, posteriormente, com a entrada das incorporadoras no mercado de capitais. A partir desse entendimento, nosso esforço busca demonstrar que embora as leis tenham possibilitado a ampliação da oferta dos produtos imobiliários residenciais, não buscavam levar moradia à população brasileira, especialmente a mais pobre, mas em inserir a habitação nas estratégias de reprodução dos capitais do setor financeiro-imobiliário, uma vez que essas transformações no setor imobiliário demonstram-se voltadas à superação (de partes) dos obstáculos impostos à produção do espaço. O local escolhido para analisar os imbricamentos dessas transformações com a produção do espaço foi o município de São José dos Campos, localizado no Vale do Paraíba Paulista, no interior paulista. / This research aims at discussing the changes in the Brazilian real estate industry and the production of space after the economic liberalization of Brazil, which occurred in the 1990s. It was when the housing finance system - sistema de financiamento imobiliário- (SFI) was created with new credit security mechanisms -alienação fiduciária- (lien) as well as new fundraising forms (securitization) with the entry of developers in the capital market. From this understanding, our efforts aim to demonstrate that despite of the expansion of credit offer to residential real state products, they did not seek to broaden the offer of housing to the Brazilian population, especially to the poorest. Its main goal was to insert as well as habitation in the strategies of reproduction of capital in the real estate/financial sector. This happens due to the changes in the real estate/financial field, which were aimed at overcoming parts of the setbacks imposed on the production of space. The place for the analysis of the imbrications of these changes along with space production is São José dos Campos in Vale do Paraíba Paulista, in the countryside the state of São Paulo.

Esta pesquisa trata da gestão de riscos corporativos em empresas do setor não financeiro. Sabe-se que existem normas, ferramentas e métodos que auxiliam as empresas na gestão de seus riscos, entretanto verifica-se que há uma lacuna no que tange a impossibilidade de estabelecimento de um modelo padrão para gerir riscos, pois, uma metodologia única não seria capaz de abarcar as especificidades de cada empresa. Sendo assim, cada organização precisa desenvolver sua própria forma de gerir seus riscos, segundo o seu perfil, porte, setor e recursos disponíveis. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo de gestão de riscos corporativos em empresas do setor não financeiro, buscando identificar quais são os aspectos fundamentais considerados para estruturação de uma área de riscos; descrever os elementos da análise do ambiente (interno e externo) no qual a empresa está inserida; e verificar quais são os principais agentes processos, metodologias, normas e ferramentas adotadas para gerir os riscos nessas empresas. Para tanto, este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, baseada em estudo de casos múltiplos, que permitiu um aprofundamento na realidade organizacional das unidades de análise escolhidas com a finalidade de compreender como elas estruturam seu processo de gestão de riscos corporativos. Os resultados decorrentes da análise realizada nos mostram que as empresas estudadas demonstram um alinhamento com os principais direcionamentos apontados pela literatura para gerir riscos, divergindo apenas com relação a pontos particulares decorrentes de especificidades suas realidades organizacionais / This is a research about enterprise risk management in non-financial sector companies. There are rules, tools and methods that assist companies in managing their risks, however it turns out that there is a gap regarding the impossibility of establishing a standard model to manage risk, because a single methodology would not be able to deal with the specificities of each company. Consequently, each organization needs to develop its own way of managing their risks, according to his profile, size, industry and available resources. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to analyze the process of enterprise risk management in non-financial sector companies in order to identify what are the key issues considered for structuring a risk area; describe the analysis of the environmental (internal and external) in which the company operates; and see which are the main agents, processes, methodologies, standards and tools used to manage risks in these companies. In order to achieve that, this study was developed from a qualitative and descriptive research, based on multiple case study, permitting a deep analysis of the organizational reality of the companies chosen; in order to understand how they structure their enterprise risk management process. The results show that in the studied companies demonstrate alignment with the main directions indicated in the literature to manage risks, differing only about particular issues arising from their specific organizational realities.

No description available.