O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as ações constituintes de um espaço de aprendizagem, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da abordagem histórico-cultural e da teoria da atividade. Para irmos ao encontro deste objetivo, o desenvolvimento da investigação deu-se por meio da elaboração, organização e análise de um conjunto de atividades direcionadas para o ensino das equações do primeiro grau. No desenvolvimento deste conjunto de atividades, procuramos orientar as ações dos alunos, de modo a corroborar com os princípios de uma atividade de aprendizagem. Este conjunto de atividades foi organizado na forma de um experimento didático, que foi conduzido com crianças do ensino fundamental (quinta série) da Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da USP, vinculadas ao projeto Clube de Matemática. Coerente com os pressupostos da teoria da atividade, partimos dos motivos do pesquisador, em busca das respostas às necessidades sentidas, como parte de uma comunidade educativa. A partir daí, organizamos as ações desenvolvidas na investigação, por meio da definição e caracterização dos sujeitos e da comunidade (alunos e professores), dos objetos da atividade, dos instrumentos (as atividades orientadoras de ensino), das regras e forma de divisão do trabalho. Com esta organização, caracterizamos o espaço de aprendizagem como o lugar da realização da aprendizagem dos sujeitos orientado pela ação intencional de quem ensina. A partir da análise das ações dos sujeitos, constatamos que a organização dos espaços de aprendizagem deve ser pautada pela criação de três contextos: um contexto da crítica, um contexto da descoberta e um contexto de prática social. / The present work has as objective investigates the actions that constitute a learning space, from the budgets theoreticians from the historical-cultural approach and from the activity theory. To will go to the meeting of this objective, the development from the inquiry gave by means of the elaboration, organization and analysis of activities directed for the teaching of the equations of the first rank. In the development of these activities we find orient the actions of the students, of way it corroborate with the beginnings of a learning activity. These activities were organized in the form of an educational experiment, that was driven with students of the basic education (10/11-year-old students) from “Escola de Aplicação” from the “Faculdade de Educação” from the USP, linked to the Mathematics Club project. Coherent with the budgets from the theory from the activity, we start from the motives of the researcher, in search of the answers to the needs, as breaks of an educational community. From, then, we organize the actions developed in the inquiry, by means of the definition and featuring of the subjects and the community (students and teachers), of the objects from the activity, of the instruments (the teaching advisers activities), of the rules and forms of division of the work. With this organization we characterize the learning space as the place from the achievement from the learning of the individuals oriented by the action intentional whose teaches. From that, by means of the analysis of the actions of the subjects, we establish that the organization of the learning spaces should be lined by the creation of three contexts: a context from the critic, a context from the discovery and a social context of practice.

Aim: The overall aim is to create knowledge about how nursing students’ learning in pairs can be supported in order to create prerequisites for encounters that provide caring and learning support during clinical practice. Approach and method: A reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach founded on the epistemology of phenomenology and hermeneutics was used. Based on interviews, diary entries and observations with patients, students and supervisors, descriptive and interpretive analysis in accordance with the RLR approach was performed. Main findings: Students’ learning in pairs is based on encountering and caring for the patients together. The responsibility of caring for the patients, which is given to the students by their supervisors, is based on supportive relationships that are characterized by movements between independence and cooperation. Supporting students learning in pairs is characterized by a reflective approach focusing on learning in togetherness, where the individual student is also reached and seen, providing opportunities for developing important abilities for learning and caring. Depending on the ability to show respect and to take responsibility a more or less supportive relationship between the patients, the students and the supervisors is created within the learning space. Conclusions: Supporting students’ learning in pairs is complex due to it taking place in a caring context, where respect must be given towards the patients, the students, the supervisors and other participants who are closely connected to the learning space. Since learning in pairs affects and interweaves learning and caring environments, a reduction to either one of them, learning or caring, is not possible but instead the learning space must be understood as a whole. Optimal conditions for learning in pairs are based on dynamic movements, which require a reflective supervising approach. If these conditions are missing, there is a risk of creating both fragmented caring and learning, where the patients ́ vulnerability and safety needs to be taken into account. Keywords: caring science; clinical practice; learning space; learning support; pairs of nursing students; reflective lifeworld approach

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No description available.

The study draws on theories of society, learning, planning and design, democracy, identity formation, and cultural change to inquire into children’s participation in the social sphere. The thesis emerges from the growing literature in the sociological and educational study of childhood, identity, space and culture. A case study approach, using a variety of participatory methods and photographic visual evidence, is employed to investigate the substantive issue of children’s participation in changing their locales in a contemporary Scottish context. Two main cases are narrated: the first concerns primary school children’s experience in participating in changing school grounds throughout Scotland; the second details the experience of one local authority’s efforts to enhance public play provision for children with disabilities. Local socio-cultural / spatial practices used in the construction of children’s participation and their places of learning, work, and play are described. Children are found to be ‘positioned’ between adult desires to increase children’s participation in matters that affect them, while at the same time, adults may wish to protect children from perceived dangers. The context for children’s participation takes cognisance of the influences of schooling, the exclusion of children from the workplace, as well as the influences of technology, the media, and the changes in family make-up. One central finding of the thesis is that children’s experience of participation appeared to be constructed out of ‘essential beliefs’ about the relations between children and adults, the nature of the child and the child’s ‘place’ in society.

<p>The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of how self employed entrepreneurs (hereafter referred to as “entrepreneurs”) develop their competence based on their perceived learning space. The main question is: How do these entrepreneurs develop their competence based on their perceived learning space? Other questions relevant for the study are: How important is the social environment for these entrepreneurs and how do they interact with their social environment in order to develop their competence. The study has a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with six entrepreneurs were conducted, during March and April 2008. The main finding of this study is the process by which the entrepreneurs develop their competence based on their perceived learning space. This is done through interaction with the entrepreneurs’ social environment. With a specific work task in mind, the entrepreneur evaluates his/her own competence in order to solve the task at hand, and in parallell search for the needed competence in his/her social environment. The social environment is therefore found to be very important to the entrepreneurs in the study. The active and conscious interactions lead to learning and in turn to development of the individual competence. This approach is essential for the entrepreneur to keep up-to-date and to stay attractive on the work market. Another finding in the study is how the entrepreneurs are forced to be more selective in the development of their competence, compared to a traditional employee, i.e. the entrepreneur needs to be more aware of whether he or she will gain anything from engaging in the specific activity. The responsibility for development of the individual competence lies solely on the entrepreneur. The development of the competence is however not separated from the overall responsibility of the business, but can be seen as part of the daily work.</p>

The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of how self employed entrepreneurs (hereafter referred to as “entrepreneurs”) develop their competence based on their perceived learning space. The main question is: How do these entrepreneurs develop their competence based on their perceived learning space? Other questions relevant for the study are: How important is the social environment for these entrepreneurs and how do they interact with their social environment in order to develop their competence. The study has a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with six entrepreneurs were conducted, during March and April 2008. The main finding of this study is the process by which the entrepreneurs develop their competence based on their perceived learning space. This is done through interaction with the entrepreneurs’ social environment. With a specific work task in mind, the entrepreneur evaluates his/her own competence in order to solve the task at hand, and in parallell search for the needed competence in his/her social environment. The social environment is therefore found to be very important to the entrepreneurs in the study. The active and conscious interactions lead to learning and in turn to development of the individual competence. This approach is essential for the entrepreneur to keep up-to-date and to stay attractive on the work market. Another finding in the study is how the entrepreneurs are forced to be more selective in the development of their competence, compared to a traditional employee, i.e. the entrepreneur needs to be more aware of whether he or she will gain anything from engaging in the specific activity. The responsibility for development of the individual competence lies solely on the entrepreneur. The development of the competence is however not separated from the overall responsibility of the business, but can be seen as part of the daily work.

Esta pesquisa tem como questão central analisar e compreender o processo de aprendizagem cooperativa dos conceitos de Matemática no espaço de aprendizagem digital. Define-se espaço de aprendizagem digital no contexto da cultura digital e no processo cooperativo de aprendizagem apoiando-se nas teorias de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire e D'Ambrósio. O trabalho de campo foi realizado no IFRS – Campus Osório, nas aulas de Matemática presenciais e no espaço de aprendizagem digital da Matemática, com estudantes do Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado em Informática em 2011 e 2012. A metodologia da pesquisa é a pesquisa-ação conforme definida por Barbier; e a análise dos dados foi realizada à luz da Teoria de Piaget, particularmente a partir dos conceitos de abstração reflexionante, colaboração e cooperação. Os dados analisados são as ações dos estudantes registradas de forma escrita na rede social Facebook, tanto em comentários nos chats quanto no perfil do grupo, e as anotações da professora-pesquisadora. A pesquisa evidencia que as tecnologias digitais em rede são recursos que possibilitam aprender a aprender por meio de cooperação e em qualquer lugar e tempo, além de viabilizar um processo de aprendizagem que valoriza a ação do estudante. A aprendizagem dos conceitos de matemática, fruto do trabalho cooperativo e da compreensão do próprio processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, é um dos resultados desta pesquisa. A pesquisa também apresenta uma metodologia que torna possível aprender a aprender Matemática em qualquer espaço digital e contribui para a ressignificação da prática docente da professora-pesquisadora. / The main goal of this research is to analyze and comprehend the cooperative learning process of Mathematics concepts in a digital learning space. Digital learning space is a concept defined in the digital culture context and in the cooperative learning process, based on the theories of Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire and D’Ambrósio. Data collection took place at IFRS – Campus Osório during present Mathematics classes with students from the 2nd High School integrated with Computing Technician course in 2011 and 2012. The study methodology is action-research, as defined by Barbier; and data analyses were accomplished considering Piaget’s Theory, concerning specifically the concepts of reflective abstraction, collaboration and cooperation. Data analyzed consist in the actions of the students, written registered at Facebook social network, concerning both comments on the chats and in the group’s profile as well as the teacher-researcher’s notes. The research points out that network digital technologies are resources which enable a learning how to learn through cooperation anywhere, at anytime, and they also give the means to a learning process that enriches the student’s action. Learning Mathematics concepts, as a result from a cooperative work and from the students’ comprehension of their own learning process is one of the results of this research. The study also presents a methodology which potentiate learning how to learn Mathematics in any digital space and it also contributes to the re-signification of the teacherresearcher’s teaching practice. / Esta investigación tiene como cuestión central analizar y comprender el proceso de aprendizaje cooperativo de los conceptos de Matemáticas en el espacio de aprendizaje digital. Se define espacio de aprendizaje digital en el contexto de la cultura digital y en el proceso cooperativo de aprendizaje apoyándose en las teorías de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire y D'Ambrósio. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en el IFRS – Campus Osório, en las clases de Matemáticas presenciales y en el espacio de aprendizaje digital de Matemáticas con estudiantes del Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado en Informática en 2011 y 2012. La metodología de la investigación es la investigación-acción conforme definida por Barbier y el análisis de los datos fue realizado basado en la Teoría de Piaget, particularmente desde los conceptos de abstracción reflexionante, colaboración y cooperación. Los datos analizados son las acciones de los estudiantes registradas de forma escrita en la red social Facebook, tanto en comentarios en los chats, como en el perfil del grupo, y las anotaciones de la profesorainvestigadora. La investigación señala que las tecnologías digitales en red son recursos que posibilitan aprender a aprender por medio de cooperación y en cualquier lugar y tiempo, además de viabilizar un proceso de aprendizaje que valora la acción del estudiante. El aprendizaje de los conceptos de matemáticas, fruto del trabajo cooperativo y de la comprensión del propio proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, es uno de los resultados de esta investigación. La investigación también presenta una metodología que hace posible aprender a aprender Matemáticas en cualquier espacio digital y contribuye para la resignificación de la práctica docente de la profesora-investigadora.

Esta pesquisa tem como questão central analisar e compreender o processo de aprendizagem cooperativa dos conceitos de Matemática no espaço de aprendizagem digital. Define-se espaço de aprendizagem digital no contexto da cultura digital e no processo cooperativo de aprendizagem apoiando-se nas teorias de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire e D'Ambrósio. O trabalho de campo foi realizado no IFRS – Campus Osório, nas aulas de Matemática presenciais e no espaço de aprendizagem digital da Matemática, com estudantes do Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado em Informática em 2011 e 2012. A metodologia da pesquisa é a pesquisa-ação conforme definida por Barbier; e a análise dos dados foi realizada à luz da Teoria de Piaget, particularmente a partir dos conceitos de abstração reflexionante, colaboração e cooperação. Os dados analisados são as ações dos estudantes registradas de forma escrita na rede social Facebook, tanto em comentários nos chats quanto no perfil do grupo, e as anotações da professora-pesquisadora. A pesquisa evidencia que as tecnologias digitais em rede são recursos que possibilitam aprender a aprender por meio de cooperação e em qualquer lugar e tempo, além de viabilizar um processo de aprendizagem que valoriza a ação do estudante. A aprendizagem dos conceitos de matemática, fruto do trabalho cooperativo e da compreensão do próprio processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, é um dos resultados desta pesquisa. A pesquisa também apresenta uma metodologia que torna possível aprender a aprender Matemática em qualquer espaço digital e contribui para a ressignificação da prática docente da professora-pesquisadora. / The main goal of this research is to analyze and comprehend the cooperative learning process of Mathematics concepts in a digital learning space. Digital learning space is a concept defined in the digital culture context and in the cooperative learning process, based on the theories of Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire and D’Ambrósio. Data collection took place at IFRS – Campus Osório during present Mathematics classes with students from the 2nd High School integrated with Computing Technician course in 2011 and 2012. The study methodology is action-research, as defined by Barbier; and data analyses were accomplished considering Piaget’s Theory, concerning specifically the concepts of reflective abstraction, collaboration and cooperation. Data analyzed consist in the actions of the students, written registered at Facebook social network, concerning both comments on the chats and in the group’s profile as well as the teacher-researcher’s notes. The research points out that network digital technologies are resources which enable a learning how to learn through cooperation anywhere, at anytime, and they also give the means to a learning process that enriches the student’s action. Learning Mathematics concepts, as a result from a cooperative work and from the students’ comprehension of their own learning process is one of the results of this research. The study also presents a methodology which potentiate learning how to learn Mathematics in any digital space and it also contributes to the re-signification of the teacherresearcher’s teaching practice. / Esta investigación tiene como cuestión central analizar y comprender el proceso de aprendizaje cooperativo de los conceptos de Matemáticas en el espacio de aprendizaje digital. Se define espacio de aprendizaje digital en el contexto de la cultura digital y en el proceso cooperativo de aprendizaje apoyándose en las teorías de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire y D'Ambrósio. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en el IFRS – Campus Osório, en las clases de Matemáticas presenciales y en el espacio de aprendizaje digital de Matemáticas con estudiantes del Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado en Informática en 2011 y 2012. La metodología de la investigación es la investigación-acción conforme definida por Barbier y el análisis de los datos fue realizado basado en la Teoría de Piaget, particularmente desde los conceptos de abstracción reflexionante, colaboración y cooperación. Los datos analizados son las acciones de los estudiantes registradas de forma escrita en la red social Facebook, tanto en comentarios en los chats, como en el perfil del grupo, y las anotaciones de la profesorainvestigadora. La investigación señala que las tecnologías digitales en red son recursos que posibilitan aprender a aprender por medio de cooperación y en cualquier lugar y tiempo, además de viabilizar un proceso de aprendizaje que valora la acción del estudiante. El aprendizaje de los conceptos de matemáticas, fruto del trabajo cooperativo y de la comprensión del propio proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, es uno de los resultados de esta investigación. La investigación también presenta una metodología que hace posible aprender a aprender Matemáticas en cualquier espacio digital y contribuye para la resignificación de la práctica docente de la profesora-investigadora.

Esta pesquisa tem como questão central analisar e compreender o processo de aprendizagem cooperativa dos conceitos de Matemática no espaço de aprendizagem digital. Define-se espaço de aprendizagem digital no contexto da cultura digital e no processo cooperativo de aprendizagem apoiando-se nas teorias de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire e D'Ambrósio. O trabalho de campo foi realizado no IFRS – Campus Osório, nas aulas de Matemática presenciais e no espaço de aprendizagem digital da Matemática, com estudantes do Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado em Informática em 2011 e 2012. A metodologia da pesquisa é a pesquisa-ação conforme definida por Barbier; e a análise dos dados foi realizada à luz da Teoria de Piaget, particularmente a partir dos conceitos de abstração reflexionante, colaboração e cooperação. Os dados analisados são as ações dos estudantes registradas de forma escrita na rede social Facebook, tanto em comentários nos chats quanto no perfil do grupo, e as anotações da professora-pesquisadora. A pesquisa evidencia que as tecnologias digitais em rede são recursos que possibilitam aprender a aprender por meio de cooperação e em qualquer lugar e tempo, além de viabilizar um processo de aprendizagem que valoriza a ação do estudante. A aprendizagem dos conceitos de matemática, fruto do trabalho cooperativo e da compreensão do próprio processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, é um dos resultados desta pesquisa. A pesquisa também apresenta uma metodologia que torna possível aprender a aprender Matemática em qualquer espaço digital e contribui para a ressignificação da prática docente da professora-pesquisadora. / The main goal of this research is to analyze and comprehend the cooperative learning process of Mathematics concepts in a digital learning space. Digital learning space is a concept defined in the digital culture context and in the cooperative learning process, based on the theories of Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire and D’Ambrósio. Data collection took place at IFRS – Campus Osório during present Mathematics classes with students from the 2nd High School integrated with Computing Technician course in 2011 and 2012. The study methodology is action-research, as defined by Barbier; and data analyses were accomplished considering Piaget’s Theory, concerning specifically the concepts of reflective abstraction, collaboration and cooperation. Data analyzed consist in the actions of the students, written registered at Facebook social network, concerning both comments on the chats and in the group’s profile as well as the teacher-researcher’s notes. The research points out that network digital technologies are resources which enable a learning how to learn through cooperation anywhere, at anytime, and they also give the means to a learning process that enriches the student’s action. Learning Mathematics concepts, as a result from a cooperative work and from the students’ comprehension of their own learning process is one of the results of this research. The study also presents a methodology which potentiate learning how to learn Mathematics in any digital space and it also contributes to the re-signification of the teacherresearcher’s teaching practice. / Esta investigación tiene como cuestión central analizar y comprender el proceso de aprendizaje cooperativo de los conceptos de Matemáticas en el espacio de aprendizaje digital. Se define espacio de aprendizaje digital en el contexto de la cultura digital y en el proceso cooperativo de aprendizaje apoyándose en las teorías de Peters, Papert, Piaget, Freire y D'Ambrósio. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en el IFRS – Campus Osório, en las clases de Matemáticas presenciales y en el espacio de aprendizaje digital de Matemáticas con estudiantes del Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado en Informática en 2011 y 2012. La metodología de la investigación es la investigación-acción conforme definida por Barbier y el análisis de los datos fue realizado basado en la Teoría de Piaget, particularmente desde los conceptos de abstracción reflexionante, colaboración y cooperación. Los datos analizados son las acciones de los estudiantes registradas de forma escrita en la red social Facebook, tanto en comentarios en los chats, como en el perfil del grupo, y las anotaciones de la profesorainvestigadora. La investigación señala que las tecnologías digitales en red son recursos que posibilitan aprender a aprender por medio de cooperación y en cualquier lugar y tiempo, además de viabilizar un proceso de aprendizaje que valora la acción del estudiante. El aprendizaje de los conceptos de matemáticas, fruto del trabajo cooperativo y de la comprensión del propio proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, es uno de los resultados de esta investigación. La investigación también presenta una metodología que hace posible aprender a aprender Matemáticas en cualquier espacio digital y contribuye para la resignificación de la práctica docente de la profesora-investigadora.