Pupils learn in different ways. It’s up to the teachers´ to give pupils the knowledge they need to live and work in society. The teacher should be aware of the ways of children learn in the classroom and should teach accordingly. Pupils work individually but should even be offered some kind of group work regularly. In this study I chose to put focus on theme work as awork method. The questions I would like to find answers to are: How important is theme work for students´ education according to the teachers inthis study? Why do teachers in this study choose theme work as a method? The result to this study are based on observations and interviews. The observations were made on two occasions of a school class there teachers worked with the theme, moss and lichen. I observed their teaching methods to get the teacher’s opinion about theme work as a teaching method. I chose to interview three teachers at the school. All three practised theme work as a method of teaching. The result of my study shows that the most important thing for the pupils is not theme work, but practicing how to communicate, integrate and discuss. They should be able to connect what they learn at school with their everyday activities and experiences. How a teacher works or what methods are used are not important. The important thing is that the pupils should be able to put all that they learn into practice on a daily basis.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur fortbildning på ”Complete Vocal Institute”, CVI, påverkar och bidrar till sångpedagogers undervisningssätt. Bakgrundskapitlet ger en kort beskrivning av den fortbildning på ”Complete Vocal Institute” som informanterna i studien har gått. Vidare följer en presentation av komplett sångtekniks (CVT:s) grundare Cathrine Sadolin, hur CVT växte fram samt av metodens innebörd och funktion. Därefter presenteras tidigare forskning inom ämnesområdet och närliggande områden samt studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt.   Studien utgörs av kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra sångpedagoger som fortbildat sig genom CVI:s treåriga utbildning som berättigar till undervisning i CVT. I resultatet presenteras analysen av pedagogernas berättelser kring hur fortbildningen har påverkat och bidragit till deras undervisningssätt. Det framkommer att pedagogerna har tillgodogjort sig flera pedagogiska verktyg och förhållningssätt genom fortbildningen. Bland dessa kan nämnas CVT:s sångtekniska terminologi, olika undervisningssätt samt förhållningssättet att alltid låta undervisningen utgå från elevens smak och motivation. I det avslutande diskussionskapitlet lyfts valda aspekter ur resultatet fram och diskuteras i relation till det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande samt till tidigare forskning. Aspekter som diskuteras är bland annat pedagogernas berättelser kring verktyget att undervisa utifrån olika undervisningssätt samt det pedagogiska förhållningssättet att ge ansvaret till eleven. / The aim of the present study is to explore how training at Complete Vocal Institute, CVI, affects and contributes to singing teachers way of teaching. The background chapter gives a brief description of the training course at CVI, followed by a presentation of the founder of Complete Song Technique (CVT), Cathrine Sadolin, how the technique evolved and its described meaning and function. Previous research in related fields is presented and the chapter concludes with the socio-cultural perspective, which form the basic understanding of this study. The study consists of four interviews with four singing teachers who have participated in a three-year training course at CVI, to become certified CVT-teachers. The result presents the analysis of the teachers' stories about how this training has influenced and contributed to their teaching methods. It appears that they have gained several educational tools and approaches through CVI including the CVT's vocals technical terminology, different teaching methods and a pedagogical approach to always let the student's taste and motivation constitute the base for learning. The concluding discussion highlights selected aspects of the results, which is discussed in relation to the socio-cultural perspective on learning and previous research. Aspects discussed include the teachers' emphasis on the importance of using five described different techniques as pedagogical tools as well as the approach of giving students responsibility for their learning process.

This report is a hermeneutic analytical study of a practical pedagogical situation. For three occasions I observed my own practice as a dance teacher and how a moment, choreographic approach in the governing documents for upper secondary school GY11 was executed in a group of dance students. The part is formulated in the course objectives for the courses on the arts program under the topic Dansgestaltning with focus on choreographic approach. The study is based on a socio-cultural thinking but also takes into account the prevailing gender theories and focuses on how the process of formulation level, through the transformation level is portrayed in the realization level of the dance regarding choreographic approach. The study illustrates educational research from both a dance perspective and a school development perspective. The intention of this study was to raise the awareness of how a pedagogical situation was designed and what is realized in the dance studio. Some pedagogical models are described as useful in raising awareness of the process and the realization of the aspect of moment in a dance studio. The methodology used for the study was participant observation and focus conversations. The results are reported in a discussion on a larger awareness of my own practice, and the benefits it can bring to learning, dancing and school development.

Denna uppsats är ett examensarbete på 15 hp och behandlar hur förskollärare och barn, på en förskola, upplever barns inflytande och delaktighet i verksamheten. Studiens syfte är att få en inblick i och förståelse för hur förskollärare och barn upplever barns inflytande och delaktighet, på en förskola. Vi vill även undersöka förhållandet mellan deras upplevelser. Studien har gjorts med en kvalitativ forskningsansats och empiri har samlats in via intervjuer och fokusgrupper. Vår text är skriven utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med en filosofisk hållning inspirerad av Reggio Emilia filosofin. I resultatet framkom det att förskollärarna upplevde olika påverkansfaktorer för barns inflytande och delaktighet i förskolan. Barnen i studien upplevde sig nöjda med hur mycket de fick bestämma. I resultatet vid jämförandet av gruppernas upplevelser såg vi en likhet i att både förskollärarna och barnen menade att olika mötesplatser har en central roll gällande barns inflytande och delaktighet. Förskollärarna var dock oroade över att barnen inte ges samma möjlighet till inflytande och delaktighet i förskolan. Vårt resultat visar att barnen inte reflekterat över detta.

Dagens skola befinner sig i ständig förändring och ställs kontinuerligt inför nya krav. För att möta dessa utmaningar är därför skolutveckling en nödvändighet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka och beskriva hur arbetet med kollegiala observationer uppfattas av lärare och avser att belysa både det som uppfattas positivt och de svårigheter som finns med kollegiala observationer som en metod för att utveckla undervisningen. Studiens frågeställning är: Vilka faktorer påverkar enligt lärare arbetet med kollegiala observationer? Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har ett sociokulturellt perspektiv använts. Studien är kvalitativ och åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och där innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats använts som metod för analys. Empirin kategoriserades i sju teman med faktorer som enligt lärarna påverkar de kollegiala observationerna; Relation, Erfarenhet, Dokumentation, Distans, Syftet med observationen och Organisation. Resultatet visar att lärarna upplever kollegiala observationer som ett värdefullt sätt att utveckla sin undervisning men att det finns vissa faktorer som upplevs som hinder. Det uppfattas som svårt då otillräckliga relationer skapar otrygghet, erfarenhet saknas, lärarna har olika inställning till uppgiften och känslan av tidsbrist infinner sig. Framgångsfaktorer i resultatet tyder på att lärarna skapat goda relationer, erhållit erfarenhet och fått stöd i form av hjälpstrukturer som observationsprotokoll som utvecklat observationerna. / The school of today is constantly changing and is continuously being faced with new requirements. In order to meet these challenges, school development is therefore a necessity. The purpose of the study is to investigate and describe how collegial observations is perceived by teachers and intends to highlight what is perceived positively and the difficulties with collegial observations as a method for developing teaching.  The question of the study is: What factors influence the work of collegial observations according to teachers? A socio-cultural perspective has been used as a theoretical framework.  This is a qualitative study and eight semi-structured interviews are conducted and as a method of analysis a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used. The empirical data was categorized into seven themes with factors that, according to the teachers, influenced collegial observations: Relationship, Experience, Documentation, Distance, Purpose of the Observation and Organization. The result indicates that the teachers experience collegial observations as a valuable way of developing their teaching, but that there are certain factors that are perceived as obstacles. These difficulties include that of insecurity caused by insufficient relationships, lack of experience, teachers having varying approaches to the task and the sense of time shortage is present. Successful factors in the outcome indicate that the teachers created new relationships, gained experience and received support in the form of auxiliary structures such as an observation protocol that developed the observations.

Flertalet elever i behov av stöd i läsning upplever svårigheter i matematik. Speciallärare vet att alla elever ska nå målen, men läroplanen och skollagen ger inga direktiv om hur detta ska genomföras.   Syftet med studien är att undersöka speciallärares kunskaper och kompetens kring relationen mellan lässvårigheter och matematiksvårigheter hos elever. Syftet är även att få en inblick i hur speciallärare beskriver sitt arbete med elever som har denna kombination av svårigheter samt undersöka vad som ligger till grund för deras arbetssätt.   Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fem speciallärare verksamma på grundskolenivå. Intervjuerna bearbetades med en analysmodell framtagen utifrån Grounded Theory. Studien har det sociokulturella perspektivet som utgångspunkt.   I resultatet framgår att speciallärarna hade svårt att redogöra för hur relationen mellan läs- och matematiksvårigheter beskrivs i forskning eller hur den kan visa sig hos eleverna. Flera av lärarna ser ingen tydlig koppling hos sina elever. Resultatet visar också att speciallärarna arbetar med svenska och matematik som två skilda ämnen. Alla lärarna ansåg att specialundervisning ger bäst resultat utanför klassens ram. Samtliga uttryckte vikten av det sociokulturella lärandet med språket som grund.   För att arbetet med elever i lässvårigheter och matematiksvårigheter ska vara effektivt och leda till bättre måluppfyllelse behöver lärare kompetensutveckling kring relationen mellan läs- och matematiksvårigheter. / Most pupils with special needs in reading also experience difficulties in mathematics. Special education teachers know that all pupils should achieve the educational goals. However, the curriculum and the Swedish School Law do not describe how.   The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge and the competence of special education teachers about the relationship between reading difficulties and mathematical difficulties in pupils. Also, the aim is to get insight into the way special education teachers describe their work with pupils in this kind of difficulties, and look into the basis for their working methods.   Semi-structured interviews have been done with five special education teachers active in elementary school. The interviews were processed with an analysis model constructed on Grounded Theory. This study is based on the socio-cultural perspective.   The result of the study shows that special education teachers found it hard to describe how the relationship between reading and mathematical difficulties is presented in research, or in what way it can be seen in pupils. Several of the teachers do not find a distinct connection in pupils. Also noticeable is the fact that the special education teachers treat Swedish and Mathematics as two different subjects. All teachers thought that special education gives best results beyond the class. All of them expressed the importance of socio-cultural learning based on language.   In order to get an effective work with pupils in reading and mathematical difficulties that leads to fulfilling educational goals the teachers need more knowledge of the relationship between reading and mathematical difficulties.

The aim of the study is to examine how preschool teacher looks at aesthetics and how they are using the aesthetics of everyday activities. As a method I have used a qualitative interview form, and I interviewed four preschool teachers. My study is based on a socio-cultural perspective with the direction of Vygotsky's theory of the child's interaction and learning. The results showed that preschool teachers who participated in my survey agreed that the aesthetics and the aesthetic forms of expression are important for children's learning. That offers all kinds of aesthetics and all sorts of materials and the chance to give an expression of what you think is fun is important for my respondents. / Syftet med den här studien har varit att undersöka hur förskollärare ser på estetik och hur de använder estetik i den vardagliga verksamheten. Som metod har jag använt mig av en kvalitativ intervjuform och jag intervjuade fyra stycken förskollärare.  Min studie utgår ifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med riktning mot Vygotskijs teori om barns samspel och lärande. Resultatet visade att förskollärarna som deltog i min undersökning var eniga om att estetik och de estetiska uttrycksformerna är viktigt för barns lärande. Att man erbjuder all slags estetik och alla möjliga material och chansen att ge ett uttryck i det man tycker är kul är viktigt för mina respondenter.

In different municipalities, some children may attend pre-school five hours a day, three days a week while other children are there full time, from seven o'clock in the morning to five o'clock in the afternoon. This means for the children different conditions of learning if the pre-school does not work in a way where learning permeates throughout the school day. This is why we wanted to do a study on how pre-school teachers encourage learning in pre-school routine activities. Our aim of the study is to generate knowledge about routine activities that can contribute to create an equivalent pre-school for all children. This will be done by highlighting and analysing how educators have worked and planned for the routine situations in pre-school and problematizing the pre-school teachers´ perspectives on learning in different routine situations.The study is based on a socio-cultural perspective on learning with a method of interviewing three pre-school teachers at various pre-schools and conducting participant observations. The result of the study has shown us examples of how pre-school teachers work in different routine situations and we have seen different perspectives on learning. The concept of communication is something highly valuable for the learning process. We have also come to an understanding that routine situations can be adapted to the children in order to increase their feeling of safety.

Swedish school children's results have deteriorated in recent years and formative assessment is, in accordance with previous research, a way to develop students' learning and performance. A part of formative assessment is based on feedback that students should receive before, during and after a new assignment. In this study, we want to find out how students and teachers apprehend students' development in relation to feedback and what general attitudes towards feedback can be seen in both parties. The literature and theory discussed is linked to formative assessment, both at international and national level where many important aspects of formative assessment are essential in relation to pupils' further development. The theories are based heavily on human interaction and socio-cultural perspective as a concept. The empirical data process qualitative interviews held with 3 teachers and 26 students in fourth and sixth grade. Based on these results it was possible to see that the teachers were aware of the good effects of formative assessment but they had difficulties using this in practice. Many students did not feel that they received enough feedback to understand the meaning of the teaching, nor the specific tasks that they were meant to carry out. Verbal feedback was preferable from both teachers and students where the lack of time and tools was the reason for teachers not to use written feedback. The students wanted more of a dialogue with the teacher where they felt it was easier to understand the information when one could ask follow-up questions directly.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur musikundervisningen i årskurs 1-6 påverkar förväntningen på och inställningen till musikundervisningen i årskurs 7-9. I bakgrunden presenteras en genomgång av tidigare och nu rådande läroplaner för grundskolan samt granskningar och forskning som gjorts inom området. Data har samlats in genom kvalitativa respondentintervjuer med fyra individer i åldrarna 15-25. Intervjuerna har transkriberats, bearbetats och analyserats utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att respondenterna upplevt skillnader mellan musikundervisningen i årskurs 1-6 och 7-9, framför allt i tillgång till lokal och utrustning. Resultatet visar också att respondenterna upplever att musikämnet saknat progression genom grundskolan och det framkommer att undervisningen upplevts som mer seriös från den årskurs då betyg skulle sättas. Respondenternas upplevelser av grundskolans musikundervisning och vad som påverkat upplevelsen diskuteras slutligen i förhållande till den litteratur som presenterats. / The aim of the present study is to investigate how music education in grades 1-6 affects expectations of and attitudes towards music education in grades 7-9. The background presents a review of previous and current curricula for primary schools, as well as audits and research done in the field. Data was collected through qualitative interviews with four subjects aged 15-25. The interviews were transcribed, processed and analyzed from a sociocultural perspective. After analyzing the interviews, the results show that the respondents experienced differences between music teaching in grades 1-6 and 7-9, especially regarding access to locale and equipment. The results also show that respondents feel that the subject of music lacked progression throughout primary school, and it appears that music education is perceived as more serious in conjunction with the first school year in which the students’ work was officially graded. Finally, respondents' perceptions of primary school music education and factors affecting the experience are discussed in relation to the literature presented.