The aim of this thesis is to provide insight into how YouTube audiences perceive the professionalization of vlog production styles and what happens to the parasocial relationship between viewer and vlogger, especially in relation to authenticity, in relation to this. This is done by a thematic analysis of comments on Valeria Lipovetsky’s YouTube video “We Need To Talk”, which serves as a case study. The analysis is done in background to theories of professionalization of influencers, parasocial relationships and authenticity. The results show that there is a tension between the perceived authenticity of the vlogger and the professionalization of vlog production style that is affecting the parasocial relationship between viewer and vlogger negatively. The distinguished themes point to vlogs filmed by a camera team being perceived to resemble reality television which is making the viewers feel disconnected with the vlogger. It is revealed that the audience prefers vlogs where the vlogger is holding the camera themselves, asthat is perceived as more personal and authentic.

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Introduktion: COVID-19 är en infektionssjukdom orsakad av SARS-CoV-2-virus. Svåra och kritiska former av COVID-19 kräver ofta vård på sjukhus. Fysioterapeuter har en viktig roll i att tillhandahålla rehabiliteringsinterventioner vid sjukhusvård av dessa patienter. Hälsovårdspersonalens subjektiva upplevelser under pandemin har studerats i stor utsträckning. Däremot har inte fysioterapeuters perspektiv undersökts lika brett. Utvärdering av COVID-19-pandemins påverkan på fysioterapeuter saknas, framför allt inom de nordiska länderna.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och beskriva fysioterapeuters levda erfarenheter och uppfattningar om rehabilitering av COVID-19-patienter i sjukhusmiljö under COVID-19 pandemin i Finland. Metod: Metodologin för hermeneutisk fenomenologi har använts i denna kvalitativa explorativa studie. Tio fysioterapeuter rekryterades med hjälp av strategiskt urval och snöbollsurval. Data samlades in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och analyserades genom den analytiska processen för tematisk analys.  Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades: 1. Pragmatisk utveckling av känsliga rehabiliteringsmetoder i oklar arbetsmiljö: 2. Övergång from utsidan till mitten av sammanhängande teamarbete: 3. Blandade känslor och reaktioner mot den upplevda brutaliteten av den okända sjukdomen: och 4. Att få stöd av kollegor medan lämnad ensam av hälsovårdsorganisationen. Slutsats: Resultaten kan gynna finska hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer för att förbättra de organisatoriska processerna för hantering av fysioterapeuters välbefinnande under globala kriser i framtiden. Konkreta åtgärder för att stödja de anställda kan utvecklas genom att ordna resurser för professionell rådgivning och reflektion under och efter krisen samt genom att utveckla lämpliga belönings- och erkännandesystem. / Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2-virus. Severe and critical forms of COVID-19 often require medical attention in hospital. Physiotherapists have an important role in providing rehabilitation interventions during hospital care of COVID-19 patients. Subjective experiences of health care professionals during the pandemic have been extensively studied, however, there is a lack of research of physiotherapists’ perspectives. Evaluation of effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among physiotherapists is lacking, especially in the Nordic countries. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore and describe lived experiences and perceptions of physiotherapists about rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients in hospital settings during the COVID-19-pandemic in Finland.  Methods: This study was a qualitative exploratory study that employed the methodology of hermeneutic phenomenology. Ten physiotherapists were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the analytic process of thematic analysis.  Results: Four themes were identified: 1. Pragmatic development of sensitive rehabilitation practices in unclear working environment: 2. Moving from the outside to the center of cohesive teamwork: 3. Mixed feelings and reactions when facing the brutality of the unknown disease: and 4. Being supported by co-workers while being left alone by the health care organization. Conclusion: The results may benefit Finnish health care organizations in improving the organizational processes in management of well-being of physiotherapists during global crisis in the future. Concrete actions to support employees can be developed by arranging resources for professional counselling and reflection during and after such crisis and by developing appropriate rewards and recognition systems.

To gain an understanding about what information requirements there are for future operators of autonomous drone swarms at airport, this study examined how work at airports is structured today, what staff at airports think about the potential implementation of autonomous drones, and what potential interface components that are necessary to be able to control these drones. Interviews and observations were made at five different airports and air traffic control towers with tower and ground staff. Based on the collected data a Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) was made to understand the domain and a Thematic Analysis (TA) was made to understand the ideas regarding the drones. Finally, a workshop with fellow researchers was made to generate ideas about solutions and interface requirements, which was analyzed together with the CWA and TA. It was concluded that the main values of the system are to maintain Situational Awareness, Avoid collisions, and Keep time in order to ensure safe flight traffic. A major aspect to make this possible is communication. This was also a main factor for the implementation of autonomous drones, where it was considered important to know what the drones are doing and where they are. However, it was not always necessary for every person at the airport to have complete oversight and control over the drone, but having the possibility to gain that information was central. Having overview of the drones’ present activities, being able to see what they had done, being able to control them directly, and getting notified about relevant information were interface requirements identified. It was concluded that despite there being some constraints and challenges to implementing autonomous drones at airports, there are aspects that can be taken into account and information to be presented in the right way for the future operator to enable implementation of the autonomous drones at airports.

Introduction: All human activity involves knowledge acquisition or learning and includes all the individuals' abilities. Many project organisations struggle with learning despite methods such as lessons learned. Aim: The study aimed to investigate and further develop knowledge about unlearning and re-learning in change-and implementation projects. Method: This study had a qualitative explorative design with a pragmatic basis. A purposeful selection was used, and eight project managers participated in the study. The participants came from a government agency, a multinational company, and a small private company. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the collected material. Results: Four themes crystallised from the analysis of the material. These four themes were: 1) The body is where learning originates, 2) Learning leadership, in a nutshell, 3)The role of methods and digital knowledge management systems-helpful or harmful? 4)To have the courage, maturity, and desire to become a learning project organisation. The most important results of the study were about risk-taking, maturity, willingness, and motivation as decisive concepts for unlearning and re-learning within project organisations. Discussion: The study shows that the organisation’s ability to take risks, together with the organisation’s degree of maturity, can be the learning aspect that is most important when it comes to leaving old knowledge for new knowledge within project organisations. Conclusion: In projects, learning, unlearning, and re-learning are closely intertwined with organisational learning. There may be a need for more models for learning within projects that consider the more soluble and time limiting organisational form. / Inledning: Allt mänskligt görande innebär någon form av kunskapsinhämtning eller lärande och inbegriper en individs alla förmågor. Många projektorganisationer kämpar med lärande trots metoder som lessons learned. Syfte: Studien syftade till att undersöka och vidareutveckla kunskap om avlärning och återinlärning i förändrings- och implementeringsprojekt. Metod: Denna studie hade en kvalitativ utforskande design med pragmatisk grund. Ett målmedvetet urval användes och åtta projektledare deltog i studien. Deltagarna kom från en statlig myndighet, ett multinationellt företag och ett litet privat företag. För att analysera det insamlade datamaterialet användes tematisk analys. Resultat: Fyra teman utkristalliserade sig från analysen: 1) Lärande har sitt ursprung i kroppen; 2) Lärande ledarskap i ett nötskal; 3) Metoder och digitala kunskapshanteringssystems roll-hjälpsamma eller skadliga?; 4) Att ha modet, mognaden och viljan att bli en lärande projektorganisation. Studiens viktigaste resultat handlade om risktagande, mognad, villighet och motivation somavgörande begrepp för avlärning och återlärning inom projekt. Diskussion:Studien visade att organisationens förmåga att ta risker tillsammans med organisationens mognadsgrad kan vara den inlärningsaspekt som är viktigast när det gäller att lämna gammal kunskap för ny kunskap inom projektorganisationer. Slutsats: Lärande, avlärande och återlärande i projekt är nära sammanflätade med organisatoriskt lärande och det kan därför finnas behov av fler modeller för lärande inom projekt som tar hänsyn till den mer lösliga och tidsbegränsande organisationsformen.

Syftet med denna studie är att bättre förstå vilka attityder och strategier som framkommernär elever löser matematiska problem samt att pröva om det går att påvisa några sambandmellan elevernas attityd till matematisk problemlösning och deras problemlösningsförmåga.Undersökningen gjordes med hjälp av en kvalitativ studie av fyra elever i slutet av årskurs 8.Datainsamlingen bestod av två delar, en observationsdel och en intervjudel. Empirinanalyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys och ett teoretiskt ramverk. Ramverket består avtre attitydkomponenter som har totalt sju underkategorier som följs av kategoriernaproblemlösningsstrategi och metoder och procedurer. Attitydkomponenterna är: Kognitivauppfattningar, Affektiva tillstånd och Upplevd kontroll. Underkategorierna benämns:Upplevd relevans, Upplevd svårighet, Uppfattningar om genus, Lust och glädje, Oro,missnöje och olust, Upplevd självförmåga och Upplevt kontextberoende. Analysresultatetbestår av fyra attitydprofiler, en för varje deltagare. Studien har bidragit till att attityder och strategier vid matematisk problemlösning bättrekan förstås. Resultatet indikerar att en positivare attityd även kan innebära en merutvecklad problemlösningsförmåga. Ytterligare utkomst av studien är indikationer på attinterventioner som stimulerar elevens tänkande om sitt eget tänkande (metakognition)gagnar elevens problemlösningsförmåga. Implikationer och fortsatta studier diskuteras. / The purpose of this study is to better understand the attitudes and strategies that emergewhen students solve mathematical problems and to test whether it is possible todemonstrate any connection between students' attitudes to mathematical problem solvingand their problem solving ability.The survey was conducted with the help of a qualitative study of four students at the end ofyear 8. The data collection consisted of two parts, one observation part and one interviewpart. The empiri was analyzed by thematic analysis and a theoretical framework. Theframework consists of three attitude components which in total have seven subcategories,these are followed by the problem-solving strategy and the method and procedurecategories. The attitude components are: Cognitive beliefs, Affective states and Perceivedcontrol. The subcategories are: Perceived relevance, Perceived difficulty, Gender beliefs,Pleasure and delight, Worry, dissatisfaction and unease, Self-efficacy and Contextdependency. The analysis result consists of four attitude profiles, one of each participant. The study contributes with a better understanding of attitudes and strategies inmathematical problem solving. The result indicates that a more positive attitude can mean amore developed problem-solving ability. Further outcome of the study is that students’metacognition (thinking about your own thinking) benefit their problem solving ability.Implications and further research are discussed.

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Democracy plays a crucial role in building a society where people’s freedom, human rights and social well-being are assured. In that light, media plays a considerable role as a source of information that can facilitate the smooth function of democracy. Due to the factors such as the rise of social media, political mismanagement and poor administration, media and democracy face numerous challenges in many countries. There is a lack of empirical research on the challenges for media and democracy from the citizens’ perspective. This study aims to identify the contemporary challenges for media and democracy in Sri Lanka from the young citizens’ perspective. Accordingly, the research question is formulated as: “What are the contemporary challenges for media and democracy in Sri Lanka from the young citizen’s perspective?”. ‘Normative theories’ are applied to understand the conduct of media. ‘Capability approach theory’ and Hasebrink’s concept of ‘users as citizens’ are used to understand the standard of living that people can achieve. This study conducted online face-to-face semi-structured interviews with sixteen young citizens in the Gampaha district in Sri Lanka. A case study research strategy was used, and the respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis is used to analyse the data and the identified challenges, and the sub-factors are illustrated in a thematic map. Twenty sub-factors that negatively contribute to media and democracy were identified and classified into five main challenges. The challenges for media and democracy identified in this study will be vital for policymakers, practitioners, journalists, and researchers in this area in order to mitigate the challenges whereby a sound democracy can be facilitated. These challenges identified would also be advantageous as a resource in formulating legal policies, introducing reforms and decision-making processes.

Objectives of the study were 1) To investigate patterns of career development of two successful Indian football through media analysis. 2) To identify factors of career success in male v/s female Indian football players. Methodology: This is a career development narrative study where media analysis was used. Two famous Indian football players (Aditi Chauhan and Sunil Chhetri) were chosen based on he/she had represented India at National and International level and had an extensive career of 15-20 years. As the players were not available to be interviewed, several types of media data were retrieved and analysed.Narrative thematic analysis and Holistic form structural analysis was performed for the stories of the players. Findings: within first analysis, seven career development themes were identified; how their interest got developed in sports, their entry into Indian football, their settlement into their football positions, international level exposures received by each, barriers experienced & sacrifices made by each, career difficulties v/s career incline, and their journey towards transition v/s retirement in their careers. Underlining the career stories, three factors (athletic, psychological, and psychosocial) were identified followed by five themes(planning & goal setting, routine, mindset of the player, motivation, and support system) and six subthemes (fitness & diet, growth, internal motivation, parents, and family) of perceived factors of career success of the footballers. Within second analysis, types of narratives were identified. For Aditi it was sink or swim narrative and for Sunil it was performance narrative. Discussion: Both stories reflected the positive side and negative side of sports. From the whole person and whole career approach three major athletic career stages came up for the athletes’ stories which was initiation, development, and discontinuation stages. Media data focussed on whole athlete and whole career approach where training, competitions, and personal life events got covered. Thus, suggested that perceived factors of success played a key role in career development of Indian football players.

The master thesis introduces the topic of a period of family breakdown. It focuses on the benefits and difficulties of assisted handover of a child between parents who undergo a problematic separation. The content of the literature review section describes the development of family breakdown and the process of transformation of the family as a whole into a new phase. Emphasis is placed on the risk factors and conflicts that arise during the break-up period and on the issue of highly conflictual divorces. It covers the means of trained professionals suited to help such families allowing the resolution of disputes. The focus is on assisted handover. The empirical part of a qualitative nature maps out the central topics related to the service of assisted handover of a child from the parents' point of view. Data analysis was processed using the method of thematic analysis based on semi-structured interviews with parents using assisted child handover service. The output reflects the significant areas of the parents' split-up, as well as the benefits and difficulties of the service of assisted handover service as described by the parents using this service.