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11	The Valuation of Literature: Triangulating the Rhetorical with the Economic Metaphor Gustafson, Melissa Brown 16 July 2004 (has links) (PDF) Several theorists, including the Marxist theorists Trevor Ross, Walter Benjamin, and M.H. Abrams, have proposed theories to explain the eighteenth-century shift from functional to aesthetic conceptions of literature. Their explanations attribute the change to an increasingly consumer-based society (and the resulting commoditization of books), the development of the press, the rise of the middle class, and increased access to books. When we apply the cause-effect relationships which these theorists propose to the contexts of nineteenth-century America, Communist East Germany, WWII America, and 9/11 America, however, the causes don't correlate with the effects they theoretically predict. This disjunction suggests a re-examination of these three theories and possibly the Marxist basis which they share. I suggest that by triangulating rhetorical theory with Marxist theory we will gain a more comprehensive understanding of society's valuation of literature. theory theorist Marxism Marxist Trevor Ross Walter Benjamin M. H. Abrams nineteenth-century America WWII East Germany GDR war communist 9/11 September 11th rhetoric rhetorical theory Kenneth Burke literature literariness valuation aesthetic eighteenth-century England English Language and Literature
12	邱琪兒之《九重天》及《頂尖女孩》中顛覆性的時空策略 / The Subversive Spatial and Temporal Strategies in Caryl Churchill's Cloud Nine and Top Girls 陳逸欣, I-hsin Chen Unknown Date (has links) 本論文探討英國劇作家凱洛•邱琪兒之《九重天》以及《頂尖女孩》兩劇中深具顛覆性的時空手法。本論文由五章組成。第一章回顧多年來相關的眾多評論角度。第二章援引巴赫汀(Mikhail Bakhtin)的時空型(chronotope)概念探討兩戲中時空融匯的現象，尤其是劇中人物心理、身體狀態，戲劇時空，以及外在社會文化時空背景，三者之間緊密的互動。兩齣戲各別有著兩個不同的時空型：《九重天》第一幕代表的是性別角色僵化的時空型，第二幕則代表了1979年當時社會上傳統性別角色開放且迅速轉變的狀態；《頂尖女孩》則透過一對姐妹Marlene與Joyce對映出當時兩種不同的女性生活，一個是典型八零年代柴契爾主義的事業女強人，一個則是在此種政經趨勢下卻相對更加弱勢的傳統女性。第三章則探討兩劇第一幕呈現長久以來隱藏空間當中的性別歧視。透過女性地理學者(feminist geographical theorist)之觀點，筆者分析兩戲當中兩性間不同的空間體驗(spatial experience)，以及公/私領域之分界(private-public distinction)所暗藏性別歧視的空間隱喻(spatial metaphor)。當男性與冒險及旅行等等充滿能動性(mobility)的字眼連結，女性卻總是被動地與家庭空間緊緊連繫。邱琪兒在此揭露空間亦為不公平的性別政治當中之一環。第四章則著重於分析《九重天》第二幕當中的公園場景，以及《頂尖女孩》第二、三幕的辦公室與廚房場景。首先援引傅柯(Michel Foucault)的異質空間(heterotopia)概念來討論各場景間複雜的鏡像與補償關係。透過空間理論學者昂希．列菲弗爾(Henri Lefebvre)以及抵抗地景(geographies of resistance)的空間生產理論分析邱琪兒如何透過呈現特定社會族群佔領特定空間的手法，企圖激進地改變現實當中此類空間的社會意義。雖然距兩齣劇作首演的年代已有二十多年，但其中所探討之議題依然常見於現今二十一世紀的社會當中。邱琪兒預見了現今複雜的家庭狀態以及大鳴大放的同性戀運動。即使越來越多女性在政治界或是企業界嶄露頭角，世界上多數的女性依然掙扎於找尋工作與家庭之間的平衡點。 / This thesis is to examine Caryl Churchill’s subversive temporal and spatial devices on stage in Cloud Nine and Top Girls. The chronotopes of the two plays articulate how people’s states of beings interact with the external social and cultural conditions, especially during the 1980s in London. Both plays crystallize the space politics full of gender discriminations in the patriarchal society. In addition, Churchill’s dramatic devices are the subversive spatial practice that transforms the gendered spaces into the sites of resistance in order to manifest her protest and seeks more possibilities for the gender roles in the future. There are five chapters in this thesis. Chapter One is an introduction, including the overview of two plays and the review of numerous analyses in the past two and half decades. In Chapter Two, Churchill’s theatrical temporal and spatial devices, including setting, synchronism, and anachronism in Cloud Nine and Top Girls construct chronotopes that lay bare the special social and cultural condition in a certain historical moment. Those chronotopes demonstrate how Churchill unifies people’s internal states of being and the external political structures together. Moreover, by presenting the chronotopes, Churchill criticizes the slowness of the progress in gender politics and the possible backlash about women’s right in the 1980s. In Chapter Three, I analyze how the spatiality of patriarchy constructed by the private-public dichotomy in both Act Ones of Cloud Nine and Top Girls. The spatial experiences between men and women depicted in Act One of Cloud Nine illustrate the stereotypical masculinity and femininity in the Victorian age. The spatial metaphors about movement in Act One of Top Girls expose the strict boundary between the private and the public spaces, and foreshadow the importance of mobility as being a possible strategy to transgress the boundaries. Finally, Chapter Four is the analysis about how Churchill subversively and politically explores the possibility of creating new social spaces in the park space of Cloud Nine and the office space of Top Girls. Her theatrical strategies are potential spatial practices that create the rupture to transgress the unfair restrictions and discriminations in the patriarchal and heterosexual society. The final chapter concludes that Churchill’s dramatic devices about time and space are the subversive strategies to conduct her observations and criticisms about the unfairness in society. 凱洛•邱琪兒巴赫汀時空型女性地理學者空間隱喻昂希．列菲弗爾空間生產理論傅柯異質空間抵抗地景 Caryl Churchill Mikhail Bakhtin chronotope feminist geographical theorist spatial metaphor Henri Lefebvre the production of space Michel Foucault heterotopia geographies of resistance
13	Early Music Printing in Salamanca, 1494-1512 de Groot, Nicolas 15 July 2022 (has links) From 1494 until 1512, around a dozen securely datable prints containing or relating to music were published in the city of Salamanca in present-day Spain. To date, these works have not been considered as a group. This thesis takes the perspective of the Salmantine printers to examine this corpus. To do so, the study gathers methods and secondary sources from a variety of fields, particularly combining history of the Iberian book with musicology. The thesis establishes Juan de Porras as the dominant printer in Salmantine music printing production with prominent connections to the Fonseca family, particularly the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, Alfonso II de Fonseca. Music production was also motivated by liturgical reforms sweeping across the Peninsula, as well as related language reforms occurring at the University of Salamanca. While liturgical prints had pre-established markets and patrons, marketing techniques in the music treatises show that these works were targeted to different segments of Iberian society. The thesis includes three appendices which 1) collate all identifiable persons in the prints, 2) present a catalogue of Salmantine music prints from 1494 to 1512, and 3) compare music types used in the liturgical books of the corpus. Juan de Porras Juan Gysser Renaissance University of Salamanca Spain Castile music prints printing Catalogue of Salmantine corpus Iberian book musicology Alfonso II de Fonseca Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela Galicia Peninsula marketing economics patronage liturgy language treatise missal woodblock Ferdinand Isabella Reconquista Juana Nebrija Antonio Hans Encina Castilian theorist Latin network
14	Rubens and the Stoic Baroque: Classical Stoic Ethics, Rhetoric, and Natural Philosophy in Rubens’s Style Nutting, Catherine M. 18 January 2018 (has links) Rubens is known as a painter; he should also be defined as an art theorist. Following Robert Williams’ theory that Early Modern art became philosophical, I believe that style can connote art theoretical interests and philosophical models, and that in Rubens’s case, these included the classical Stoic. While it would be possible to trace Rubens’s commitment to Stoicism in his subject matter, I investigate it in his style, taking a Baxandalian approach to inferential criticism. I focus on Rubens’s formal choices, his varied brushwork, and his ability to create a vibrant picture plane. My study is divided into chapters on Ethics, Logic, and Physics. In Chapter One I treat Stoic moral philosophy as an influence in the design of Rubens’s paintings, consider similarities between classical and Early Modern interest in viewer/reader response, and argue that Baroque artists could use style to avoid dogma while targeting viewers’ personal transformation. In Chapter Two I focus on Rhetoric, a section of the Stoic philosophy of Logic. Stoic Logic privileged truth: that is, it centred on investigating existing reality. As such, Stoic rhetorical theory and the classical literature influenced by it promoted a style that is complex and nuanced. I relate this to the Early Modern interest in copia, arguing that this includes Rubens’s painterly style which, apropos copia, should be better termed the Abundant Style. In Chapter Three I explore similarities between Stoic Natural Philosophy and the Early Modern artistic interest in the unified visual field. The Stoics defined the natural world as eternally moving and mixing; with force fields, energy, and elements in constant relationships of cause/effect. The Stoic concept of natural sympathy was a notion of material/energetic interrelatedness in which the world was seen as a living body, and the divine inhered in matter. I consider ways that these classical Stoic concepts of transformation, realism, and vivified matter might be discerned in Rubens’s style. / Graduate / 2023-12-14 Art History Peter Paul Rubens Baroque Baroque Painting Seventeenth-Century Antwerp Seventeenth-Century Art Style Baroque Style Stoicism Stoicism and Art Early Modern NeoStoicism Antwerp NeoStoicism Flemish NeoStoicism Seventeenth-Cenury Flemish Art Seventeenth-Cenury Flemish Painting Flemish Baroque Painting Stoicism and Style Stoic Ethics Stoic Ethical Philosophy Stoic Rhetoric Stoic Rhetorical Philosophy Stoic Physics Stoic Natural Philosophy Roger de Piles Seneca Seneca Naturales Questiones Tacitus Tacitus's Style Tacitus and Stoicism Stoic continuum Baroque unity Justus Lipsius Early Modern Library Macchia Sententiae Style and Meaning Quintilian Diogenes Laertius Epictetus Chrysippus Marcus Aurelius Early Modern Art Theory Rubens as a Theorist Antwerp Humanism Flemish Humanism Humanism in Flanders and Brabant The Self The Early Modern Self Style for Truth The Continuum Nature Alive Stoic Optimism Seventeenth-Century Stoic Optimism

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