This thesis deals with project management and with different ways in which can be cur-rently approached. Beside the conventional, classical approach based on processes, modern approaches based on the theory of constraints and agile principles are discussed. Based on analysis, the main objective of the thesis is firstly to find weaknesses in the classical project management and strong key elements of modern approaches and after that to make suggestions to enhance the classical approach with the selected strong elements of modern approaches.

The thesis deals with project management in an advertising agency. It analyzes the current methodology of the agency project management, defines its weak points, and proposes a set of improvements to this methodology. This goal is achieved through analysis of the project management of the agency using the Theory of Constraints methodology and comparison with the methodologies and best practices of the project management in the industry. The first part describes the common project management methodologies, the specifics of the project management in advertising agencies and the Theory of Constraints. The second part analyzes a particular advertising agency using the Theory of Constraints and proposes a set of changes to its methodology, mostly in the area of project planning and project management. The merit and main output of the work consists of the proposed changes to the advertising agency project management methodology.

In 1984, Eli Goldratt published his novel “The Goal – a process of ongoing improvement”. Constraints Management has since evolved into a field of study, still widely debated and written about today. Most companies soon realized that the principles of Constraints Management could no longer be ignored to stay competitive. The South African Breweries (now SABMiller plc) is the world's leading brewer in developing markets. The company has dominated the South African liquor market for years and is currently the second largest brewing company in the world, operating in Africa, China, Europe and the USA, yet even a company with this reputation can still be ignoring the basic principles of Constraints Management. This dissertation concentrates on the application of Constraints Management in a selected brewery in South Africa. The measures used in one of SAB’s most successful breweries will be tested against Constraints Management principles, illustrating how the practice of driving performance measures without focusing on the constraint can lead one away from the goal of the company. Rosslyn Brewery is a brewery driven by traditional brewing industry performance measures. The key drivers of the brewery have always been to increase factory efficiency and reduce costs. Rosslyn set the benchmark for packaging efficiency within SAB. The problem is that the packaging operation is not the constraint in the brewery. The throughput of the brewery is determined by the operation feeding into packaging, i.e. filtration. The end result is that even though the packaging lines have the best efficiency, they still have to stop and wait for beer to become available from filtration, resulting in downtime, frustration and eventually costly overtime and weekend work. The core conflict of the brewery is the trade-off between running all the resources as efficiently as possible, and thereby decreasing product cost, and running only the constraint as efficiently as possible, resulting in an increase in throughput. The Thinking Process was used to evaluate the conflict and a solution developed. The solution consists of the following: 1. The brewery has to adopt Constraints Management using the 5 step process of ongoing improvement. The capacity constraint has to be exploited and all other operations subordinated, to ensure that products are not produced for the sake of improving efficiency. 2. The operational measures of the brewery have to be changed from increasing factory efficiency and reducing R/hl to increasing throughput, decreasing inventory and decreasing operating expense. 3. The production schedule and raw material release for the whole plant need to be determined by filtration. This requires a change in the current advanced planning solution to incorporate the principles of Drum-Buffer-Rope. If the decision is made and actions taken, the brewery will be able to survive the next decade, even if there is a further decline in the market. If not, the focus will still be on reducing product cost, whilst improving the efficiency of all operations. This will lead to further line closures and retrenchments, doing nothing more but reducing SABMiller’s potential future capacity and flexibility. / Dissertation (MEng (Management of Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / unrestricted

The diploma thesis focuses on the implementation of production management tools in the form of modern ICT technologies. The final solution, divided into software and hardware part, assists the company in applying the principles of lean manufacturing and the theory of constraints. The work includes a proposal that helps to increase enterprise productivity and eliminates excess inventory in the organization.

Contables investigaciones sostienen y explican la importancia que poseen las Mypes en la actualidad dentro de un país y el aporte económico que generan a este. En el Perú, uno de los muchos problemas que afrontan las Mypes va relacionada con la baja eficiencia en un entorno muy competitivo, que no solo valora el tiempo de entrega sino también la calidad del producto. Este artículo presenta un caso de estudio de una pequeña empresa fabricante de muebles de melamina, la cual cuenta con problemas de eficiencia en su proceso de producción donde se implementarán las metodologías Lean y TOC con el objetivo de validar su integración y efectividad, creando una ruta hacia su satisfactoria implementación. Mediante la metodología Lean-TOC se busca mejorar los indicadores eficiencia, porcentaje de actividades NVA y variación del Lead Time. Para el cálculo de estos indicadores se plantearon 3 escenarios, de los cuales el último resultó ser el más eficiente de acuerdo al Simulador Arena que nos permite trabajar con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron afirmar que es posible implementar herramientas Lean en empresas con recursos limitados mediante un enfoque TOC, las cuales permitieron que la empresa seleccionada pueda evaluar y controlar sus procesos operativos con la finalidad de incrementar su eficiencia a 50.05%. / Accounting research supports and explains the importance of MSMs today within a country and the economic contribution they generate to it. In Peru, one of the many problems that MSEs face is related to low efficiency in a very competitive environment, which not only values ​​delivery time but also product quality. This article presents a case study of a small melamine furniture manufacturing company, which has efficiency problems in its production process where Lean and TOC methodologies will be implemented in order to validate their integration and effectiveness, creating a route towards its successful implementation. The Lean-TOC methodology seeks to improve the efficiency indicators, percentage of NVA activities and Lead Time variation. For the calculation of these indicators, 3 scenarios were proposed, of which the last one turned out to be the most efficient according to the Arena Simulator, which allows us to work with a confidence level of 95%. The results obtained allowed to affirm that it is possible to implement Lean tools in companies with limited resources through a TOC approach, which allowed the selected company to evaluate and control its operational processes in order to increase its efficiency to 50.05%. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

El proceso de producción es uno de los más importantes, si no el más importante, para una organización. Para el rubro de alimentos y restaurantes, una producción eficiente y que se adapte a las diversas fluctuaciones de la demanda determinará su éxito económico como posicionamiento en el mercado. En este contexto, las áreas de Operaciones y de Marketing juegan un rol importante para el desarrollo de la rentabilidad anhelada por la compañía. Numerosos casos de estudio e investigación han demostrado que la Teoría de Restricciones, en conjunto con el seguimiento de la metodología MRP, permite una adecuada planificación de la producción. Es por ello por lo que este trabajo se apoyará en ambas herramientas de ingeniería industrial para solucionar la problemática identificada en una importante cadena peruana de restaurantes. TOC permitió identificar la restricción del proceso productivo, llegando a la conclusión que para satisfacer la demanda de pizzas sería necesario considerar la compra de nueva maquinaria (levadoras). Adicionalmente, se simularon los escenarios actual y mejorado para validar matemáticamente la propuesta que se desea implementar, por medio del software Arena. El análisis económico se validó con el software @Risk. En los límites de un escenario conservador de demanda, podría lograrse una TIR de aproximada de 57% en promedio, colocando a la propuesta planteada como viable y exitosa. / Production is one of the most important, if not the most important, process for any organization. For the food and restaurant sector, efficient production that adapts to demand fluctuations will determine its economic success, as market position. In this context, the Operations and Marketing areas play an important role in developing the desired profitability for the company. Numerous case studies and research have shown that the Theory of Constraints and MRP methodology, allow adequate production planning. For this reason, this paper will rely on both industrial engineering tools to solve the problems identified in an important and major Peruvian restaurant chain. TOC identified the restriction of the production process, reaching the conclusion that to satisfy the demand for pizzas it would be necessary to consider the purchase of new machinery (lifters). Additionally, the current and improved scenarios were simulated to mathematically validate the proposal to be implemented, using the Arena software. The economic analysis was validated with @Risk software. Within the limits of a conservative demand scenario, an IRR of approximately 57% on average could be achieved, placing the proposed proposal as viable and successful. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis researches World Class Manufacturing Techniques (WCMT) and their applicability in a Non-Production Environment such as an inbound call centre in the financial services sector. These WCMT involve a set of innovative techniques and principles, which are applied by foremost manufacturing companies. These techniques however, are not sacred and one always needs to refer back to the objectives of World Class Manufacturing, namely to (a) Eliminate waste, (b) Improve quality, (c) Shorten lead times, (d) Reduce costs, and (e) Improve morale and seek other improvements. The importance lies in attaining the objectives in the context of the necessary manufacturing tasks. Companies applying these techniques demonstrate significant productivity gains, production synergies, reduced rework and more reliable on-time delivery. In the highly competitive global market, these offer a competitive advantage for such companies. A critical and essential element of a company's strategic vision is a clearly defined and healthy competitive advantage. It is imperative that a company's vision is clearly aligned to its business objectives and goals. The WCMT is a tool that aligns the business vision and strategic objectives to realize its competitive advantage. By aligning the vision to its competitive advantage, it is crucial that the company challenge its existing production processes and the way in which it operates. Existing production processes need to be continuously reviewed and adjusted where necessary to sustain the competitive advantage. This paper is a practical example of how a non-production organisation can apply these WCMT to sustain its competitive advantage. The WCMT such as Theory of Constraints (TOC), Just in Time (JIT) and Total Quality Management (TQM) are discussed and applied in the inbound call centre of a medical aid administration company. In a relatively short time span, some remarkable sustainable productivity improvements were achieved. This would imply that these WCMT could be applied in traditional non-production environments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsings werkstuk ondersoek Wêreld Klas Vervaardigings Tegnieke (WCMT) en die moontlike toepassing daarvan in 'n nie-vervaardigings omgewing, soos 'n inbeldienssentrum in die finansiële dienste sektor. Hierdie WCMT omsluit 'n groep innoverende tegnieke wat huidiglik aangewend en toegepas word in die meeste vervaardigings ondernemings. Hierdie tegnieke is nie beperk nie en verwys altyd terug na die doelstellings van WCMT naamlik (a) Vermindering van afval, (b) Verbetering van kwaliteit, (c) Verkorting van wag periodes, (d) Verlaging van kostes, en (e) Verbeterende personeel moraal en die voortdurende soeke na ander verbeteringe. Die belangrikheid van WCMT lê in die bereiking van hierdie bogenoemde doelwitte binne die konteks van die noodsaaklike vervaardigings metodes. Ondernemings wat hierdie tegnieke toepas vind groot produksiekapasiteit verbeteringe, produksie sinergie, 'n verlaging in die oordoen van foutiewe werk en ondervind ook grotendeels meer gereelde op-tyd aflewering. In die hoogs kompeterende globale mark bied die WCMT die broodnodige mededingende voordeel aan hierdie ondernemings. Die kritieke en belangrike bestanddeel van 'n onderneming se strategie en visie is die onderneming se vermoë om 'n deeglike en gesonde mededingende voordeel bo sy mededingers te hê. Dit is van kardinale belang dat die onderneming se visie behoorlik in lyn is met die onderneming se strategiese doelwitte. Hierdie WCMT is 'n instrument wat die onderneming kan aanwend ten einde sy visie en strategiese doelwitte, asook sy kompeterende voordeel, te bereik. Dit is krities belangrik dat 'n onderneming se visie en sy kompeterende doelwitte gesinkroniseer en gelykgestel is en verder dat die onderneming ook sy huidige produksie prosesse herevalueer, asook die manier waarop die onderneming opereer. Huidige produksie prosesse moet voortdurend geherevalueer en aangepas word waar nodig, ten einde die onderneming se voortdurende kompeterende voordeel te behou. Hierdie navorsings stuk is 'n voorbeeld van die praktiese toepassing van WGMT en hoe hierdie tegnieke 'n onderneming behulpsaam kan wees ten einde sy kompeterende voordeel te behou. Die WGMT soos die Teorie van Beperkings (TOC), Net Betyds (JIT) en Totale Kwaliteit Beheer (TQM) word deeglik ondersoek en bespreek. Die navorser ondersoek voorts die moontlikheid om hierdie tegnieke toe te pas in 'n in beldienssentrum by 'n administrateur van mediese fondse. In 'n relatiewe kort periode het die navorser noemenswaardige en voortdurende produksie verbetering teweeg gebring deur die toepassing van WGMT. Die navorser het afgelei dat hierdie WGMT nie net beperk is tot die vervaardigings sektor nie, maar dat dit ook in die nie-vervaardigings sektor doeltreffend aangewend kan word.

A gestão empresarial depara-se, freqüentemente, com o aparecimento de novos conceitos e de novas práticas para o gerenciamento de custos, com o propósito de melhor retratar as necessidades de uma organização no contexto atual. Esse gerenciamento dispõe de várias metodologias, entretanto, muitas de elevada complexidade e difícil utilização. Este trabalho busca apresentar uma proposta de gestão, de baixa complexidade, utilizando a contabilidade gerencial com um enfoque estratégico, através da análise da abordagem estratégica, análise da cadeia de valor, integradas aos princípios da teoria das restrições e a sua contabilidade dada pela contabilidade de ganhos. Proposta aplicada em um estudo de caso, em uma empresa fabricante de autopeças, onde verificou-se suas potencialidades e suas limitações. A teoria das restrições tem sido amplamente difundida como uma metodologia de administração de produção, partindo do princípio de que em todo sistema existe uma restrição e sua melhor gestão resulta no máximo ganho financeiro para a organização, porém, complementando sua atuação, apresenta também sua forma estratégica, sustentada por três elementos que se complementam: ganhar dinheiro, prover um ambiente interno satisfatório e satisfazer o mercado, tanto agora como no futuro. A administração dos conflitos existentes entre esses três elementos é a chave para uma gestão estratégica bem sucedida. Diferenciando-se de outras formas de contabilidades gerenciais, a contabilidade de ganhos trata os resultados contábeis como ganho, tornando relativa a conotação de custos no processo de gestão contábil de uma organização, partido desta visão este trabalho propõe uma estrutura que poderá a ser conhecida como gestão estratégica de ganhos. / The enterprising management frequently confronts itself with new concepts and new practices to the costs management, with the objective of better identify the needs of an organization nowadays. This model of management offers many methodologies. However, many of these methodologies are highly complexes and hard of applying. This paper tries to present a management alternative, with low complexity, using management accountancy with strategic focus. This can be done thru analysis of the strategic approach, analysis of the value chain, with the theory of constraints principles and its accountancy, given by throughput accouting. The main purpose was applied as a case study in an auto parts manufacturing company, where its potential and limits were verified. The TOC has been widely spread as a production management methodology, starting from the principle that at every system exists a restriction and its best management results in maximum monetary gain to the organization, although complementing its action presents its strategic form, sustained by three elements that fulfill each other: to make money, to guarantee a satisfactory intern ambient and to satisfy the market today and in the future. The conflicts management that exists between these three elements is the key to a well-succeed management strategy. Differing from other forms of management accountancy, the throughput accouting takes the accountancy results as profit, making relative the idea of costs in the process of accountancy management of an organization, beginning with this vision, this paper suggests a structure that could be known as SCM.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wanny_Di_Giorgi.pdf: 415025 bytes, checksum: dc08bb9acbb530c99872bb0dad535bb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-09-01 / This paper concerns to the theme "Theory of Constraints Impacts to the Pricing Management Models" and presents a bibliographic research that involves the pricing formation focused on the Economics, Costs and Constraints Theories. Under the economic approach, the Theory of Pricing is presented with its different concepts through the history, as well as its politics, methods and planning. Concerning to the Theory of Costs, the Cost Accounting is showed with its concept, history, goals and methods of costing as base of pricing. Then, the general principles of the Constraints Theory are presented with its contribution to the pricing planning. Finally, a verification is made about the TOC tools of the pricing planning and decisions and a conceptual comparison is made between the different models of pricing management. / Este trabalho diz respeito ao tema "Impacto da Teoria das Restri????es nos Modelos de Planejamento de Pre??os" e apresenta uma pesquisa bibliogr??fica que envolve as abordagens da forma????o de pre??os da Teoria Econ??mica, da Teoria de Custos e da Teoria das Restri????es. Na abordagem econ??mica, s??o apresentados a Teoria de Pre??os e os conceitos de pre??os atrav??s da hist??ria, assim como as pol??ticas, os m??todos e o planejamento de pre??os. No ??mbito da Teoria de Custos, a Contabilidade de Custos ?? apresentada com sua defini????o, hist??ria, objetivos, finalidades e m??todos de custeio como base de pre??os. Em seguida s??o apresentados os princ??pios gerais da Teoria das Restri????es e sua contribui????o no tocante ao planejamento de pre??os. Finalmente, ?? feita a verifica????o da ferramenta TOC de decis??o de pre??o de venda e a compara????o conceitual entre os diferentes modelos de gest??o de pre??os.