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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Estudo dos efeitos da injeção de água e de gás sobre a redução do gradiente de pressão total no escoamento vertical ascendente de óleos viscosos / Study of effects of water and gas injection in reducing the total pressure gradient of viscous oils in an upward-vertical pipe flow

Douglas Martins Rocha 16 September 2016 (has links)
A maioria dos poços de petróleo offshore explorados no Brasil utilizam a técnica de elevação artificial de petróleo conhecida como gas-lift. Mais importante, há previsão de uso intensivo dessa técnica nos poços do pré-sal, sob pressões extremas e condições operacionais ainda não compreendidas completamente. O efeito de injetar gás em um escoamento em tubo vertical é o decréscimo do componente gravitacional do gradiente de pressão total. Por outro lado, os óleos pesados (10 < ºAPI < 19) são viscosos e difíceis de escoar. Em certas ocasiões, este tipo de petróleo não é extraído pela falta de tecnologia viável ou pelo alto custo do processo de produção. Alguns estudos recentes indicam que, para óleos ultra viscosos, o cisalhamento viscoso (componente \"friccional\") seria significativo no computo do gradiente de pressão total. Percebe-se, portanto, que deve existir, para cada condição de escoamento específica, um grau API ou uma viscosidade limite do fluido, acima do qual a técnica gas-lift torna-se ineficiente, quando não inútil. Dessa forma, o estudo do uso da água como fluido coadjuvante para a elevação artificial torna-se válido para óleos viscosos e pode ser indicado para melhorar a produtividade e reduzir a potência requerida de bombeamento. Outra questão é a possibilidade do escoamento trifásico gás-óleo-água ser promissor na redução do gradiente de pressão total. Dessa forma, para a prospecção dessa problemática e a avaliação dessas questões foram realizados testes em laboratório, utilizando misturas de óleos de diversas viscosidades (100 cP, 220 cP e 325 cP), onde foram quantificados os ganhos oferecidos pela injeção de gás, no caso ar, e de água em termos de fatores de redução de gradiente de pressão e fatores de desempenho. Além disso, com o intuito de melhor compreender a fenomenologia de escoamentos trifásicos, foram realizadas análises quanto ao deslizamento entre as fases e a aplicabilidade do modelo de deslizamento. Por fim, através de uma modelagem, foi verificado o efeito do deslizamento entre as fases na queda de pressão total em tubulações de elevado comprimento. / Most of the offshore oil wells operated in Brazil use the artificial lifting technique known as gas-lift. More importantly, an intensive use of this technique in the pre-salt wells under extreme pressures and operating conditions not yet completely understood is planned. The effect of injecting gas into the flow in a vertical pipe is the decrease of the gravitational component of the total pressure gradient. On the other hand, the heavy oils (10 < ºAPI < 19) are viscous and difficult to flow. In some occasions, this type of oil is not extracted by the lack of viable technology or by the high cost of the production process. Some recent studies indicated that for ultra-viscous oils, viscous shear stress (\"frictional\" component) would be significant in the total pressure gradient. Therefore, there must be an API degree or a fluid viscosity limit for each specific flow condition above which the \"gas-lift\" technique becomes inefficient. Thus, the study of water used as method of artificial lift becomes valid for viscous oils and can be indicated to improve productivity and reduce the pumping power required. Another issue is that the gas-oil-water three-phase flow can be advantageous in reducing the overall pressure gradient. Thus, for prospecting of this problems and the evaluation of these issues, tests were performed in laboratory using mixtures of oils with different viscosities (100 cP, 220 cP e 325 cP), at which the gains offered by gas (air) and water injection were quantified by pressure gradient reduction factors and performance factors. Furthermore, in order to better understand the phenomenology of three phase flows, analyzes were performed about the slip between the phases and the applicability of the drift flux model. Finally, the effect of slippage between the phases in the total pressure drop in long pipes was checked through modeling.
192

Estudo topológico de escoamento trifásico óleo-água-ar através de sensor de impedância de resposta rápida do tipo \"wire-mesh\" / Topologic study of three-phase pipe flow by means of fast-response wire-mesh impedance sensor

Hugo Fernando Velasco Peña 27 February 2015 (has links)
A ocorrência frequente de escoamentos multifásicos em tubulações tem motivado um grande interesse acadêmico nas últimas décadas. O caso particular de escoamentos líquidolíquido é geralmente encontrado na indústria do petróleo, onde uma série de aplicações envolve escoamentos óleo-água, tais como a produção de petróleo e seu transporte. No entanto, ele não tem recebido a mesma atenção quando comparado com escoamentos gás-líquido. Ainda não existe uma explicação física razoável para um número significativo de fenômenos observados em escoamento óleo-água, como o fenômeno de redução de atrito, observado em escoamento disperso, e a estrutura interfacial ondulada em escoamento estratificado. Os escoamentos trifásicos têm sido ainda menos estudados. Há técnicas de medição, desenvolvidas para escoamento gás-líquido, que supostamente são adaptáveis aos escoamentos líquido-líquido, mas várias delas ainda precisam de validação adequada. O sensor wire-mesh, um método híbrido baseado na medição de resistência ou capacitância, que combina medição local intrusiva da fração de fase e imagens tomográficas transversais, oferece uma boa resolução espacial e alta resolução temporal em comparação com outras técnicas atuais. Porém, a literatura existente em aplicações do sensor wire-mesh cobre quase apenas o escoamento gás-líquido e, até agora, não é possível avaliar o limite de viscosidade do fluido para a sua aplicação. Neste contexto, este projeto propõe o estudo de aspectos importantes da fenomenologia de escoamentos líquido-líquido e líquido-líquido-gás com o auxílio da tecnologia wire-mesh. O principal objetivo prático é a validação da técnica wire-mesh como ferramenta de referência para o desenvolvimento de instrumentação para aplicações em campos petrolíferos, com especial atenção devotada ao efeito da viscosidade do óleo sobre a confiabilidade da medição e à extensão da tecnologia para lidar com escoamentos óleo-água-gás. / The frequent occurrence of multiphase flows in pipes has motivated a great research interest over the last decades. The particular case of liquid-liquid flow is commonly encountered in the petroleum industry, where a number of applications involve oil-water flow such as crude oil production and transportation. However, it has not received the same attention when compared to gas-liquid flow. There is no reasonable physical explanation for a significant number of phenomena observed in oil-water flow, as the drag reduction phenomenon observed in dispersed flow and the interfacial wavy structure of stratified flow. Much less has been investigated when it comes to three-phase flow. Several measurement techniques that are supposed to be adaptable to liquid-liquid flow have been proposed recently, but many of them still need proper validation. The wire-mesh sensor, a hybrid impedance-based method that combines intrusive local measurement of phase fraction and tomographic cross-sectional imaging, offers good spatial resolution and high temporal resolution in comparison with other current techniques. However, the existing literature on wire-mesh sensor applications covers almost only the gas-liquid flow and, so far, it is not possible to evaluate the fluid-viscosity limit for its application. In that context, this project proposes the study of important aspects of liquidliquid and liquid-liquid-gas flow phenomenology with the aid of the wire-mesh technology. The main goal is the validation of the wire-mesh technique as a reference tool for the development of instrumentation for oilfield application, with especial attention paid to the effect of oil viscosity on measurement reliability and the extension of the technology for dealing with oil-water-gas flow.
193

REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS PARA ESTIMAÇÃO DE VELOCIDADE EM MÁQUINAS DE INDUÇÃO / ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETS FOR ESTEEM OF SPEED IN INDUCTION MACHINES

Mouzinho, Lucilene Ferreira 12 March 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucilene Ferreira Mouzinho.pdf: 571993 bytes, checksum: 2e8dd4d10b95625fa753d51326490aa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-03-12 / This work presents an artificial neural network model to estimate or indirectly measure the speed of three-phase induction machines for control purpose. A comparative analysis of the neural estimator is performed with the following types of speed estimators: rotor flux, electromotive force and model reference adaptive. The algorithms of the estimators are assembled and connected to the dq0 model of the induction machine. Computational simulation results, obtained from machine-estimators model, are used to carry out a comparative analysis of the speed estimators performance. This work also presents a survey on neural network applications in induction machines, covering the following issues: control, failure, supervision, diagnosis, identification and estimation. / Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um modelo de uma rede neural artificial para estimar ou medir indiretamente a velocidade em máquinas de indução trifásicas para fins de controle. Realiza-se uma análise comparativa do estimador neural com os seguintes tipos de estimadores de velocidade fundamentados: fluxo do rotor, força eletromotriz e modelo adaptativo de referência. Os algoritmos dos estimadores são construídos e acoplados ao modelo dq0 da máquina de indução. A partir de resultados de simulações computacionais, obtidos dos modelos máquina-estimadores, realiza-se a análise de desempenho dos estimadores que tem como objetivo verificar quais dos estimadores atingiu em menor tempo uma velocidade de referência. Este trabalho também apresenta um estudo sobre a aplicação de redes neurais em máquinas de indução, abordando os seguintes tópicos: controle, falhas, supervisão, diagnóstico, identificação e estimação.
194

Fluxo de potência continuado a quatro condutores

Santos, Thiago Senra dos 27 August 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T11:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-05T14:38:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T14:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosenradossantos.pdf: 1984679 bytes, checksum: 2ff29c748a0b456a4fc8b5df3e4ed994 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um fluxo de potência continuado para análise de sistemas desequilibrados, denominado Fluxo de Potência Continuado a Quatro Condutores (FPCQ). A ferramenta proposta possibilita a representação explícita de cabos neutros e aterramentos, a representação de desequilíbrios tanto em cargas como em outros componentes das redes, de tal forma que a operação desbalanceada pode ser simulada. A metodologia proposta é aplicada em sistemas elétricos de distribuição e análises são realizadas. A metodologia proposta utiliza como base a estrutura do Método de Injeção de Correntes a Quatro Condutores, aproveitando algumas de suas características. Para o processo de continuação foi definida e implementada uma única etapa de execução, utilizando-se equações adicionais para considerar o incremento do carregamento ou a tensão como parâmetros de continuação. As equações de alguns equipamentos foram redefinidas a fim de ser possível a consideração do incremento do carregamento do sistema como variável. A ferramenta desenvolvida permite analisar diversas configurações de sistemas, sejam equilibrados ou desequilibrados, representação de ramais monofásicos e/ou bifásicos e diversas combinações de cargas, bem como a consideração explícita de cabos neutros e aterramentos. O FPCQ permite verificar questões de estabilidade estática de tensão em sistemas trifásicos a partir dos resultados de curvas de perfil de tensão em função carregamento e da determinação do ponto de colapso ou da margem de carregamento do sistema. Permite verificar os efeitos dos desequilíbrios dos sistemas e os impactos de sua representação detalhada nos resultados do fluxo de potência continuado. Como exemplo, a influência do aumento de carga nas tensões de neutro pode ser analisada. Os resultados obtidos pela metodologia proposta com representação trifásica e com representação apenas de sequência positiva foram comparados, com o objetivo de mostrar a importância de representar os sistemas com modelos mais precisos. Espera-se que a ferramenta desenvolvida permita realizar análises mais completas, especialmente em sistemas de distribuição, aumentando a qualidade dos resultados. / This work proposes the development of a continuation power flow technique (FPCQ) for unbalanced distribution systems. The proposed tool allows the explicit representation of the neutral cables and grounding, the representation of imbalances for both the loads and the network components in such a way that unbalanced operation can be simulated. The application of the present methodology in electrical distribution systems is carried out and analyzed. The proposed methodology is based on the structure of the Four Conductors Current Injection Method, taking advantage of some of its features. For the continuation power flow process, a single stage off implementation was defined and implemented, using additional equations to consider either the load increase or the voltage as a continuation parameter. Some equipment models were redefined to consider the load increase as a state variable. The proposed tool is able to analyze systems having single-phase, double-phase or three-phase lines, to represent the existing connections of balanced or unbalanced loads as well as its neutral and ground connections. The FPCQ allows checking static voltage stability considering the three-phase models adopted from the curves of voltages as a function of the load. The impacts of the detailed representation in the continuation power flow technique can now be analyzed. As an example, the influence of the load increase on the neutral voltages was possible to be analyzed. The results using the proposed methodology were compared to the ones obtained using the positive sequence approach in order to show the importance of representing the power systems using more accurate models. It is expected that the proposed tool will be useful one to perform simulations in distribution systems improving the quality of the results.
195

Representação trifásica de desequilíbrios estruturais e operacionais em sistema de média tensão de distribuição / Three-phase representation of structural and operational unbalances on distribution system

Guilhoto, João Vitor de Araújo, 1983- 06 April 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Anésio dos Santos Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T21:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilhoto_JoaoVitordeAraujo_M.pdf: 9238872 bytes, checksum: 2872f5a86f13a31cf1c8d3c62089038f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A complexidade crescente dos estudos em sistemas de distribuição demanda uma formulação e modelagem capazes de agregar os desequilíbrios estruturais e operacionais dos sistemas elétricos de distribuição aos resultados das condições operacionais em regime permanente. Neste trabalho, aborda-se a representação trifásica em sistemas elétricos de média tensão de distribuição, considerando as particularidades dos sistemas trifásicos, bifásicos e monofásicos (MRT); e desenvolvendo os modelos dos circuitos, cargas, bancos de capacitores, transformadores e bancos de reguladores de tensão. Visando estabelecer o futuro vínculo dos modelos desenvolvidos com as sistemáticas existentes de determinação das condições operacionais dos sistemas elétricos de média tensão de distribuição, adota-se formulação matricial generalizada de correlação das correntes e tensões nodais. Tal formulação torna possível explorar e analisar os desequilíbrios estruturais e operacionais / Abstract: The increase complexity of power distribution analysis demands formulation and modeling that are capable to integrate structural and operational unbalance to steady state operational conditions. In this work the three-phase representation on distribution systems is addressed taking in account three-phase, two-phase and single-phase systems particularities; and developing the models for lines, loads, capacitor banks, transformers and step-voltage regulators. To achieve the future link between the models and existing techniques to determine the distribution systems operational conditions, it's chosen the formulation based on generalized matrices that establish the correlation of currents and nodal voltages. This formulation makes possible to explore and analyze the structural and operational unbalances / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
196

Etude d'un électrobrûleur industriel doté d'une torche à arc triphasée pour la valorisation énergétique de combustibles à faible pouvoir calorifique / Study of an industrial electro-burner equipped with a three phase plasma torch for low heating value fuel valorization

Takali, Sabri 02 December 2015 (has links)
Dans le contexte actuel de réchauffement climatique et d'épuisement des ressources énergétiques fossiles conventionnelles, la production d'énergie à partir de combustibles renouvelables (biomasse et déchets) présente un intérêt croissant. Cependant les brûleurs industriels conventionnels sont mal ou pas adaptés pour la valorisation énergétique de combustibles pauvres qui sont pourtant peu couteux et largement disponibles. Les électro-brûleurs, basés sur une assistance à la combustion par plasma thermique, sont alors une solution pour ce type de combustible. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif le développement d'une torche à plasma triphasée d'une puissance de 100 kW, fonctionnant à l'air et facilement intégrable dans un électro-brûleur industriel. Le premier challenge consiste à rendre possible le fonctionnement à l'air en réduisant autant que possible l'érosion à l'air des électrodes en graphite. Pour cela, des solutions de gainage des électrodes à l'azote ou au méthane, de contrôle aérodynamique de l'écoulement de l'air et d'injection de particules de carbone ont été étudiées. Le deuxième challenge est l'optimisation des transferts de masse et de chaleur, ce qui a été réalisé en améliorant l'écoulement du gaz plasmagène et en choisissant les matériaux adéquats pour l'isolation thermique. Une double approche théorique et expérimentale a été adoptée. Au niveau théorique, un modèle d'écoulement turbulent de plasma a été développé avec une modélisation de l'arc électrique par une source stationnaire de chaleur et de quantité de mouvement. Un modèle de rayonnement à bandes du plasma ainsi qu'un modèle de cinétique chimique ont été intégrés. Les résultats de la simulation montrent le rôle important du rayonnement, la limitation du gainage à l'azote et le potentiel intéressant du gainage au méthane. La simulation a permis aussi de valider le design de la nouvelle torche avant les essais. Au niveau expérimental, une nouvelle conception de torche a été proposée et testée. Les essais réalisés montrent que la protection des électrodes par injection de particules de carbone ne suffit pas pour créer une atmosphère neutre autour des électrodes mais que le contrôle aérodynamique de l'écoulement de l'air permet un meilleur contrôle de l'érosion des électrodes. Des essais préliminaires de combustion assistée par plasma de biomasse solides ont été ensuite réalisés et analysés. / Energy production from renewable combustibles like biomass and organic wastes presents an increasing interest with the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of conventional fossil energy resources. Meanwhile, standard industrial burners are not adequate for the energetic valorization of renewable poor LHV combustibles despite their low price and their abundance in nature. Electro-burners, with plasma assisted combustion technology, are a promising solution for this type of combustible. In this PhD dissertation is detailed the development of a 100 kW plasma torch working in air and embeddable in an industrial electro-burner. It consists firstly, in making possible an operation in oxidizing environment by reducing as much as possible the air erosion of the graphite electrodes. For this purpose, multiple solutions are tested such as sheathing with nitrogen and methane, aerodynamic control of air flow and injection of carbon black particles. The second challenge is the optimization of heat and mass transfers by improving the plasma flow and by choosing the appropriate materials for thermal insulation. Theoretically, a turbulent model of plasma flow is developed with the modeling of the electric arc column as a stationary source of heat and momentum. A multi-band radiation model and a reactional kinetic model are also integrated. The results show the important role of radiation, the limitation of the nitrogen sheathing and the potential of methane injection in reducing electrode erosion. They allowed also validating the design of the plasma torch before the tests. Experimentally, the new torch design is built and tested. It comes out that reducing the electrode erosion by carbon powder injection is not efficient to achieve a neutral environment around the electrodes whereas a control of the nearby air flow appears to be beneficial. Finally, tests of plasma assisted combustion of some biomasses are performed and analyzed.
197

Modélisation et approche thermodynamique pour la commande des réacteurs chimiques catalytiques triphasiques continus et discontinus / Thermodynamic control approach and modeling of three phase catalytic continuous and discontinuous reactors

Bahroun, Sami 22 November 2010 (has links)
L’objet de cette thèse est la modélisation et la commande par approche thermodynamique des réacteurs catalytiques triphasiques en mode continu et en mode discontinu. Ce type de réacteur consiste en un système fortement non linéaire, multivariable et siège de réactions exothermiques. Nous utilisons les concepts de la thermodynamique irréversible pour la synthèse de lois de commande stabilisante pour ces deux types de réacteurs chimiques. En effet, la stricte concavité de la fonction d’entropie nous a permis de définir une fonction de stockage qui sert de fonction de Lyapunov candidate : la disponibilité thermodynamique. Nous utilisons cette fonction de disponibilité thermodynamique pour la synthèse de lois de commande stabilisante d’un mini-réacteur catalytique triphasique intensifié continu. Une stratégie de contrôle à deux couches (optimisation et contrôle) est utilisée pour contrôler la température et la concentration du produit à la sortie du réacteur en présence de perturbations à l’entrée du réacteur. Les performances du contrôleur mis en place sont comparées en simulation à celles d’un régulateur PI. Dans certains cas, l’utilisation de la fonction de disponibilité thermodynamique s’avère problématique. Une autre étude effectuée sur cette fonction nous permet de déterminer une nouvelle fonction de Lyapunov : la disponibilité thermique. Nous utilisons par la suite la fonction de disponibilité thermique pour la synthèse de lois de commande stabilisante d’un réacteur catalytique triphasique semi-fermé. Un observateur grand gain est utilisé pour estimer la vitesse de réaction à partir des mesures de la température du milieu réactionnel. Cette estimation est injectée ensuite dans le calcul de la loi de commande mise en place. La robustesse du schéma de contrôle est testée en simulation face à des incertitudes de modélisation, des perturbations et des bruits de mesure. / The goal of this thesis is the modeling and thermodynamic based control of three-phase catalytic reactor working in continuous or discontinuous modes. These types of reactors are highly nonlinear, multivariable and exothermal processes. We use the concepts of irreversible thermodynamics for the synthesis of stabilizing control laws for these two types of chemical reactors. Indeed, the strict concavity of the entropy function has allowed us to define a storage function used as a candidate Lyapunov function: the availability function. We use this availability function for the synthesis of control laws for stabilizing a three-phase catalytic continuous intensified mini-reactor. A control strategy with two layers (optimization and control) is used to control the temperature and concentration of the product at the outlet of the reactor in the presence of disturbances. The performances of the controller are compared by simulation to those of a PI controller. In some cases, the use of the availability function may cause some problems. A new Lyapunov candidate function is then derived from the original availability function: the thermal availability. We use this thermal availability for the synthesis of stabilizing control laws for a three-phase catalytic fed-batch reactor. A high gain observer is used to estimate the chemical reaction rate from the measurements of the temperature. This estimate is then used for the control law implementation. The robustness of the control scheme is tested in simulation against modelling uncertainties, disturbances and noise measurements.
198

Diagnosis of orthopaedic prosthesis infections with radionuclide techniques; clinical application of various imaging methods

Larikka, M. (Martti) 23 January 2004 (has links)
Abstract A variety of radiopharmaceuticals and imaging techniques are currently available for scintigraphic imaging of infections. However, comparisons on the clinical value of such techniques have been limited, especially in prosthesis infections. This series included 138 cases with suspected prosthesis infections – 94 in hip and 44 in knee prostheses of patients whose final diagnoses were based on clinical, operative and microbiological findings, and who underwent three-phase bone, 99mTc -leukocyte and 99mTc-ciprofloxacin imaging in the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Oulu University Hospital and in the Laboratory, L?nsi-Pohja Central Hospital, during the years from 1993 to 2001. The normal arterial and soft-tissue phase images of three-phase bone imaging practically excluded infection in hip prostheses, whereas these techniques frequently yielded false positive findings in patients with knee prostheses, resulting in specificity of 23% or less. In combined 99mTc-leukocyte/bone imaging, diagnostic accuracy was 80–86% at two- to four-hour images and 87–98% at 24-hour images. The 99mTc-ciprofloxacin images showed unspecific accumulation of tracer in the one-hour and four-hour images, which disappeared in the 24-hour images in most hip and knee prostheses. 99mTc-ciprofloxacin imaging yielded almost as good diagnostic accuracy as combined 99mTc-leukocyte/bone imaging. In conclusion, in suspected hip prosthesis infections, normal findings in three-phase bone imaging exclude infection, whereas abnormal results in the arterial and soft-tissue phases should be confirmed with 99mTc-leukocyte imaging using 24-hour images. Contrary-wise, in suspected knee prosthesis infections, 99mTc-leukocyte imaging with 24-hour images is the first-line examination, and abnormal results in 24-hour images should be confirmed by using 99mTc-bone-metabolic imaging. 99mTc-ciprofloxacin yielded almost equally good results as 99mTc-leukocyte/bone-metabolic imaging, but unfortunately, the tracer is not commercially available, although it has been patented.
199

Práce s historickou literaturou v primě a sekundě víceletého gymnázia / Historical literature in the first and second classes of grammar school

Špoková, Markéta January 2015 (has links)
Main goal of this thesis is to test efectivity of teaching grammar school literature based on one book only. Secundary goal is to make teaching of historical literature for grammar's school first and second year students more attractive. This thesis is based on five worksheets, every one of them is designed for different literary aim. All of them are based on book "Můj Golem" wrote by Marek Toman. Lectures are governed by three-phase model of teaching which combines different methods for work with pupils. This thesis proofs that, use of one book in long-term tuition with different attitude, combined with appropriate goals and attractive methods, is one way to teach literature. Also this thestis helps making rather unpopular subject of historical literature more attractive to students.
200

Aplicação de técnicas inteligentes com análise no domínio do tempo para reconhecimento de defeitos em motores de indução trifásicos / Application of intelligent techniques with analysis in time domain to defect recognition in three-phase induction motors

Rodrigo Henrique Cunha Palácios 15 April 2016 (has links)
Os motores de indução trifásicos são os principais elementos de conversão de energia elétrica em mecânica motriz aplicados em vários setores produtivos. Identificar um defeito no motor em operação pode fornecer, antes que ele falhe, maior segurança no processo de tomada de decisão sobre a manutenção da máquina, redução de custos e aumento de disponibilidade. Nesta tese são apresentas inicialmente uma revisão bibliográfica e a metodologia geral para a reprodução dos defeitos nos motores e a aplicação da técnica de discretização dos sinais de correntes e tensões no domínio do tempo. É também desenvolvido um estudo comparativo entre métodos de classificação de padrões para a identificação de defeitos nestas máquinas, tais como: Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine (Sequential Minimal Optimization), Rede Neural Artificial (Perceptron Multicamadas), Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction e C4.5 Decision Tree. Também aplicou-se o conceito de Sistemas Multiagentes (SMA) para suportar a utilização de múltiplos métodos concorrentes de forma distribuída para reconhecimento de padrões de defeitos em rolamentos defeituosos, quebras nas barras da gaiola de esquilo do rotor e curto-circuito entre as bobinas do enrolamento do estator de motores de indução trifásicos. Complementarmente, algumas estratégias para a definição da severidade dos defeitos supracitados em motores foram exploradas, fazendo inclusive uma averiguação da influência do desequilíbrio de tensão na alimentação da máquina para a determinação destas anomalias. Os dados experimentais foram adquiridos por meio de uma bancada experimental em laboratório com motores de potência de 1 e 2 cv acionados diretamente na rede elétrica, operando em várias condições de desequilíbrio das tensões e variações da carga mecânica aplicada ao eixo do motor. / The three-phase induction motors are the key elements of electromechanical energy conversion in a variety of productive sectors. Identify a defect in an operating motor can provide, before it fails, greater safety for decision making on machine maintenance, reduce costs and increase process availability. This thesis initially presents a literature review and the general methodology for reproduction of defects in the motors and the application of discretization technique of current and voltage signals in the time domain. It was also developed a comparative study of methods of pattern classification for the identification of defects has been developed in these machines, such as Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine (Sequential Minimal Optimization), Artificial Neural Network (Multilayer Perceptron), Repeated incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction and C4.5 Decision Tree. Also applied the concept of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to support the use of multiple competing methods in a distributed manner to pattern recognition of faults in bearings, broken rotor bars and stator short-circuit in induction motors. Additionally, some strategies for the definition of the severity of the aforementioned defects in engines have been explored, including making an investigation of the influence of voltage unbalance in the machine feed for the determination of these anomalies. Experimental data are acquired from 1 and 2 cv motors under sinusoidal supply, operating in various unbalance conditions and under a wide range of mechanical load applied to the motor shaft.

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