The goal of this thesis is to determine whether continuity ties in large wood diaphragms are stiff enough to engage and provide diaphragm flexural stiffness in a collective chord model. Four series of continuity tie assemblies using Simpson Strong-Tie steel connectors were tested to determine the stiffness of each assembly. The results found from testing were applied to an example building and then analyzed using both the traditional chord method and the collective chord method. The completed analysis on a typical size warehouse building showed that the collective chord model will act inadvertently on an existing building designed with a traditional chord, or alternatively will potentially act intentionally in the design of a new building. The relative stiffness of the continuity ties will determine if they engage and allow them to act collectively. The testing and analysis completed creates a basis for further research into the actual static and dynamic behavior of these diaphragms. The collective chord model does seem to be a reasonable approximation for how diaphragms actually behave. If more research is conducted into different shaped and sized buildings to confirm that the collective chord model will work on most buildings then it will be a more accurate way to design new diaphragms and analyze existing diaphragms than the current traditional model.

Inledning: För att få så god mänsklig omsorg som möjligt i livets slutskede behöverpatienter ha någon att dela den sista svåra tiden med. Syftet med undersökningen var att försöka förstå hur övergången mellan liv och död kan underlättas. Frågeställning: Studien avsåg att besvara fyra frågeställningar. – Förutsättningar för samtalet med den döende vid livets slutskede? – Är det genomförbart att vårda människor med värdighet till livets slut? – Går det att skapa emotionella band och känslomässig närhet till patienter som befinner sig vid livets slutskede? – Hur kan vården stödja den döende med hjälp av kultur, musik, konst? Metod: En kvalitativ undersökning valdes. Intervjuer gjordes med fem legitimerade sjuksköterskor som arbetade på Hospice. Resultatet visade att dialogen är utgångspunkten för det mellanmänskliga äkta mötet. Trots kroppens förfall finns förutsättningar att vårda patienten med värdighet till livets slut. Det uppstår emotionella band mellan patienterna och de legitimerade sjuksköterskorna som varar till livet slut. Konst, musik, litteratur och andlighet är betydelsefullt för patienternas förmåga att uthärda det svåra lidandet. På Hospice bejakas livet och döden betraktas som en normal process. Slutsatser: De legitimerade sjuksköterskorna uppvisade en hög samstämmighet i sina svar och en gemensam vård filosofi, där samtalet var en viktig länk inom den palliativa vården. Det ar höga ideal om en värdig död och arbetar hårt för att främja detta mål. Samstämmigheten kan beror på ett urval av sjuksköterskor med stort engagemang, känsla för mening och syfte med sitt arbete samt personlig inre mognad. Den palliativa vårdens filosofi kan fördjupas genom fortsatt forskning och utveckling, vilket skulle kunna leda till en egen specialitet, Palliativ Medicin.

Föreningsidrotten är en stor del av det svenska samhället och kan vara en plats som främjar en ömsesidig integration mellan svenskfödda och nyligt invandrade. Samtidigt som idrottsvärlden kan vara en plats för god gemenskap kan det även vara en plats för utslagning och exkludering. Syftet med studien har två delar. Första delen handlar om att undersöka varför och hur idrottsföreningar i Umeå agerar gällande inkludering av medlemmar generellt. Därefter syftar studien till att analysera dessa idrottsföreningars förhållningssätt och agerande i förhållande till gruppen nyligt invandrade specifikt. Den teoretiska ramen bygger på inkludering i förhållande till Granovetters begrepp weak ties som belyser vikten av svaga sociala band för att knyta samman heterogena grupper och skapa en sammanhållning som överbryggar bland annat kulturella gränser. Metodens utgångspunkt är kvalitativ ur två aspekter: den första avser att det är en fallstudie som handlar om idrottsföreningar i Umeå. Den andra handlar om att uppsatsens centrala empiriska material har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med centrala aktörer och aktiva personer inom både lag- och individuella idrotter. Resultatet är brett men handlar om att idrottsföreningarnas struktur, ”sätt att tänka” och föreningsaktivas agerande kan fungera exkluderande eftersom det skapas barriärer som nyligt invandrade har svårt att komma förbi och därmed försvåras ett deltagande i idrottsföreningar. Barriärerna har teoretiskt beskrivits utifrån Stigendals definition av målgruppsbarriär, ordningsbarriär samt resursbarriär. Att uppnå inkludering är att förmedla en upplevelse av delaktighet och gemenskap inom föreningen. Problem uppstår i ett första skede på grund av målgruppsbarriärer och rekryteringsmetoder. Studien har uppmärksammat att det förekommer en kollektivisering av nyanlända som grupp, en andrafiering görs och fungerar i sig som en uteslutande mekanism vilket tyder på att det finns en strukturell diskriminering av ”de andra”. Däremot i de fall där nyanlända har inkluderats visar det sig att de barriärer och hinder som annars beskrivits har minskat eller försvunnit. Den lyckade interaktionen kan förklaras med att svaga band som skapas i sociala sammanhang fungerar som broar mellan sociala grupperingar och resulterar inte bara i att nätverken blir större utan även att fler ges möjligheten till att inkluderas. En kumulativ effekt av inkludering visar sig och en kollektivisering av nyligt invandrade kan bli svagare. / In i Umeå

Prior research on the strength of embeddedness ties in strategic networks in influencing innovation performance has produced inconsistent conclusions. In this paper, drawing on an investment perspective on firms¡¦ decision behavior, we argue that the ¡§control benefits¡¨¡Xanother characteristics of strategic networks¡Xalso affects firms¡¦ innovation performance. According to previous research, we adopt the speed of ¡§patent application¡¨ and ¡§market introduction of a new product¡¨ to measure innovation performance. Furthermore, we divide firms¡¦ innovation strategies into ¡§apply for a patent and introduce the new product to market later¡¨, ¡§patent the innovation and market introduction immediately¡¨ as well as ¡§introduce the new product to market and apply for a patent later¡¨. We examine the relationship between the strength of enbeddedness ties and firms¡¦ innovation performance using the theoretical frames of game theory and real options. After the analysis of Cournot duopoly game model and real options approach, several findings are acquired as follows: (a) the higher the strength of embeddedness ties, the more likely the firm is to abandon the innovation strategy ¡§apply for a patent and introduce the new product to market later¡¨ and adopt innovation strategies ¡§patent the innovation and market introduction immediately¡¨ or ¡§introduce the new product to market and apply for a patent later¡¨; (b) if the firm adopts the innovation strategy ¡§apply for a patent and introduce the new product to market later¡¨, then the strength of embeddedness ties has a positive effect on the speed of market introduction of the new product, but the relationship between the strength of embeddedness ties and the speed of patent application is not sure; (c) if the firm adopts innovation strategies ¡§patent the innovation and market introduction immediately¡¨ or ¡§introduce the new product to market and apply for a patent later¡¨, then the strength of embeddedness ties has both positive and negative impact on the speed of ¡§patent application¡¨ and ¡§market introduction of a new product¡¨, and therefore the relationship between the strength of embeddedness ties and the innovator¡¦s innovation performance is indeterminable. The research findings indicate that the innovator may delay the application for patent or postpone the launching of a new product because of the ¡§control benefits¡¨ derived from different strength of embeddedness ties. These results have broad implications for future research on strategic networks and innovation.

This study examines the patterns of family-forming migration from Turkey to Germany as one of the categories of marriage migration by taking into account the effects of migration policies, societal factors in both home and host countries as well as gender differences. The main objective of this study is to investigate how and for what purpose transnational marriages are used as strategies by migrants. This study assumes that restrictive migration policies of Germany paves the way for transnational marriages even if the focus is not on the marriage, itself. In this respect, considering the last changes in German Residence Act, within the research for this study, in-depth interviews were held with 10 men and 11 women who are in the process of family-forming migration. German language courses in Ankara were selected as research site in order to reach family-forming migration candidates who were learning German as a necessity of German Language Legislation. The significance of the study comes from its focus on the perceptions of family-forming migration in several issues in the pre-migration process which is different than the migration researches focusing on experiences after migration. Study examines the role of transnational ties existing both in Turkey and Germany, family values and economic factors in Turkey on patterns of family-forming migration which is changed by gender differences.

Club Texas: Building Community in Electronic Music Fan Culture through Online Collaboration is a report of results from a content analysis that analyzes the role of online participatory culture for community development and social capital for a local underground EDM ‘scene’ (Electronic Dance Music) in Dallas, TX. This study analyzes DallasDanceMusic.com (DDM), one of the first and largest message board communities to support the EDM community in Dallas, TX since 1994. The study measures participatory culture and social capital using content analysis of the site during high profile activity for a four-month period in 2012. / text

Over the past fifty or so years there has been a well examined decline in socialconnections and many other facets of American communities (Fischer 1982; Putnam2000; Freeman 2001; McPherson, Smith-Lovin, & Brashears 2006; Dunham-Jones &Williamson 2009). New urbanism has been proposed as a tool to reverse some of thissocial decline in communities. This study seeks to understand the possible socialconnective benefits of new urbanism in a number of ways. First, a new urbanistcommunity is compared to a similar adjacent community that also happens to betraditional suburban community. The study examines differences between the twocommunities in terms of social connections, social interactions, and communitysatisfaction. Second, the study examines individual design elements of new urbanism to understand their relationships with social interactions and social connections. This study also examines community cohesion in terms of diverse social interactions and bridging ties. Previous studies suggest that bridging ties are more likely to be formed between persons who are connected with weaker social bonds (Granovetter, 1973) as well as persons who interact through spontaneous rather than planned forms of social interaction (Molm, Collett, & Schaefer 2007). Lastly, this study seeks to understand if any of the new urbanist design strategies examined are related to bridging ties. The findings of this study suggested that new urbanist communities do have more social interactions, social connections, and community satisfaction than do traditional suburban communities. The findings also suggested that four new urbanist design strategies: porches, community meetings, and mixed-use zoning are positively related to social interactions and social connections. Moreover, findings suggested that persons connected by weaker social bonds are indeed more likely to have bridging ties, however, they did not support the idea that persons who have more spontaneous interactions will also be more likely to have bridging ties. Lastly, the findings indicated that of all the new urbanist design strategies, only the neighborhood business center was positively related to bridging ties. Conversely, a negative relationship was found between resident's who use their porches and bridging ties.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the work with young people at home to care and accommodation (HVB) are organized in a municipality outside Karlstad and how the staff perceive emotions in the workplace. The issues that are discussed are based on the concepts of social ties, emotional labor, roles, shame and pride. The number of people who are fleeing in the world is today about 51 million. There has not been this high since World War II. The Swedish Migration Board calculated that about 7,000 of these people were unaccompanied children and came to Sweden in 2014. Since 2005, there has been a high increase of young people who have been in institutions and one reason of that is the number of unaccompanied children. To find out where, when and how relationships are created on the HVB are issues that I have chosen for my study. Relationships are established through the energy-creating rituals between people and is a process that requires a shared sense that is developing between them. The staff has many different parts to consider in the process of creating a relationship with the youth. These young people may initially not know the language, they have no parents in Sweden and they are seeking for protection. The results show that two of the interviewees think that they deliberately are changing their attitudes at work compare to at home while the other two, feel that they can be themselves. The roles that the interviewees are experiencing at the workplace with the children are being a friend, sister, and mother. In the analysis, I have come to the conclusion that social ties towards young people and staff are created, but not as much as it could be. For rituals to happened and social ties to be created, there must be at least two people. A lot of staff time is administrative tasks and sleeping jour. In the conclusion, I carry a discussion of whether these HVB act as a home for the youth or not. Finally, there is a reflection on my own research and a perspective of new studies. Keywords: HVB, relationships, roles, social ties, shame and pride. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur arbetet kring ungdomarna på hem för vård- och boende (HVB) är organiserat i en kommun utanför Karlstad och hur personalen upplever emotioner i arbetslivet. De frågor som diskuteras utgår från begrepp som sociala band, emotionellt arbete, roller, skam och stolthet. Antalet människor som är på flykt i världen uppgår till ca 51 miljoner. Det har inte varit så högt sedan andra världskriget. Av dessa beräknar Migrationsverket att ca 7000 ensamkommande barn ska komma till Sverige under 2014. Sedan 2005 har en kraftig ökning skett av ungdomar som blivit institutionsplacerade och en orsak till det är de ensamkommande barnen. Var, när och hur skapas relationer på de HVB som jag har valt för min studie? Relationer sker genom de energiskapande ritualer som upprättas mellan människor. Det är en process som kräver att en gemensam känsla utvecklas mellan dem. Personalen har många olika delar att förhålla sig till i relationen till ungdomarna. Ungdomarna kan från början inte språket, de har inga föräldrar i Sverige och de söker skydd. Resultatet visar att två av intervjupersonerna anser att de medvetet ändrar förhållningssätt på arbetet medan de andra två tycker att de kan vara sig själva. De roller som intervjupersonerna säger sig inta i arbetslivet är kompis, syster och mamma. I analysen har jag kommit fram till att det skapas sociala band gentemot ungdomar och kolleger men inte i så stor utsträckning som det individuellt skulle kunna finnas möjlighet till. För att ritualer ska uppstå och sociala band skapas måste man vara minst två personer. Mycket av personalens arbetstid är administrativt och sovande jour. I slutsatsen för jag en diskussion om huruvida dessa HVB fungerar som ett hem. Tillsist görs en reflektion kring den egna forskningen och perspektivet på nya studier. Nyckelord: HVB, relationer, roller, sociala band, skam och stolthet.

Denna studie avser att jämföra brottsoffer och f.d. kriminellas upplevelser av hur individens identitet har formats. Undersökningen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med tio informanter som söker besvara frågan om hur individerna upplever att deras sociala band och självkänsla har förändrats av att vara kriminell respektive brottsoffer. Dessa frågor besvaras med de teoretiska utgångspunkter som valts där fokus ligger på Jenkins sociala identitetsteori. Vidare används Scheffs teori om sociala band som är associerad med känslor av skam och stolthet, samt Johnsons teori om självkänsla används som reglerar individens välmående. I resultatet framgår markanta skillnader mellan brottsoffer och f.d. kriminellas upplevelser av brott.  Den sociala omgivningen anses ha en betydande roll för deras olika upplevelser men framförallt för individernas identitetsskapande. Det kan även konstateras att sociala band utgör en viktig faktor för individens välbefinnande och har en inverkan på individens självkänsla. / This study intends to compare victims' and the former criminal’s experiences of how the individual's identity has been shaped. The study is based on qualitative interviews with ten informants and intends to answer the question of how individuals perceive that their social ties and self-esteem has changed from being a criminal and victim. These questions are answered with the selected theoretical starting points that focus on Jenkins social identity theory. Further, Scheff's theory of social ties that are associated with feelings of shame and pride, even Johnson's theory of self-esteem is used that regulate the individual's well-being. The results show obvious differences between the victims' and former criminals experiences of crime. The social environment is considered to have a significant role in their different experiences and has particularly an impact on the individuals' identity. It may even be noted that the social ties are an important factor in an individual's well-being and has an impact on the individual's self-esteem.

p. 1-165 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-20T19:32:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 rsrsrsrs01.pdf: 161430 bytes, checksum: 0124bfe55f4cfdcb3297fd09e847b504 (MD5) rsrsrsrsrsr02.pdf: 1609851 bytes, checksum: 6a7663564c1866dbe4cd5954a9bb55a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-05-21T17:44:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 rsrsrsrs01.pdf: 161430 bytes, checksum: 0124bfe55f4cfdcb3297fd09e847b504 (MD5) rsrsrsrsrsr02.pdf: 1609851 bytes, checksum: 6a7663564c1866dbe4cd5954a9bb55a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-21T17:44:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 rsrsrsrs01.pdf: 161430 bytes, checksum: 0124bfe55f4cfdcb3297fd09e847b504 (MD5) rsrsrsrsrsr02.pdf: 1609851 bytes, checksum: 6a7663564c1866dbe4cd5954a9bb55a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Este trabalho discute a gestão do voluntariado em organizações do terceiro Setor, utilizandose como unidade de análise as Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce - OSID. Uma instituição de grande porte, profissionalizada, que ao longo dos anos tornou-se respeitada e conhecida pelos feitos de sua fundadora e pelos serviços gratuitamente prestados à população carente nas áreas de saúde, assistência social e educação. A partir da construção de um estudo de caso e da Observação Participante, como principal instrumento de pesquisa, buscou-se entender como se deu a evolução do trabalho voluntário na OSID e de que forma se estabelece a atual interface entre as políticas e práticas de gestão do voluntariado e a própria dinâmica deste trabalho na organização. Desta maneira, foi possível discutir a problemática do voluntariado e refletir sobre outros aspectos importantes que permeiam o atual debate sobre a profissionalização do trabalho voluntário e o seu papel nas organizações do terceiro setor. Para responder ao referido intuito deste trabalho, amparou-se na perspectiva da Dádiva, em seu sentido antropológico e sociológico, onde foi possível discutir, sob um olhar mais crítico e ampliado, o fenômeno do trabalho voluntário e sua gestão. Considera-se, em particular, o debate teórico sobre a Dádiva Maussiana, desenvolvido por um conjunto de intelectuais integrantes da Revista do MAUSS (Mouvement Anti-Utilitariste dans les Sciences Sociales - Movimento Anti-Utilitarista nas Ciências Sociais).Verificou-se que este trabalho voluntário foi inicialmente marcado pelo apoio de profissionais da área de saúde como médicos e enfermeiras que realizavam um trabalho em parceria com a freira Irmã Dulce, no atendimento aos doentes que ela recolhia. No período em que as Obras foram dirigidas pela freira, profissionais remunerados e voluntários conviviam e se misturavam nas atribuições. Com o comprometimento da saúde de Irmã Dulce e a impossibilidade em continuar a administração das Obras, inicia-se em 1989 o processo de profissionalização. Neste período, há um enfraquecimento do trabalho voluntário e a proibição da atuação profissional de pessoas da área de saúde como voluntárias. Somente poucos voluntários persistem num trabalho silencioso e individualizado nas Obras, permanecendo assim por quase uma década. Somente no ano de 2001 este trabalho é retomado com uma nova gestão, comprometida em resgatar o voluntariado com a proposta de preservar a memória da fundadora, divulgando sua missão, e como uma maneira de humanizar os serviços prestados pela organização. Apesar da profissionalização das Obras, este trabalho voluntário não se sustenta por uma gestão profissionalizada, muito menos por um trabalho profissionalizado que atenda a exigências de qualificação e desempenho. Este voluntariado, que também sofre mudanças em seu perfil, atua principalmente em atividades de cunho social. Evidenciou-se na dinâmica deste trabalho a presença de elementos simbólicos e a importância da busca e dos esforços pela manutenção dos vínculos que estes voluntários estabeleciam com os demais atores. O seu atual gerenciamento, por sua vez, vem sendo construído através de relações de pessoalidade e apresentando lacunas significativas em sua interface com o voluntariado. / Salvador