The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between attitudes toward the division of household tasks and the amount of time spent accomplishing them by Utah husbands and wives. The sample was 200 husbands and 203 wives residing in Iron, Washington, and Salt Lake Counties . A questionnaire was used to measure the respondents' attitudes toward the division of household labor and two, 24-hour time diaries were used to record time expenditures. Hypotheses regarding traditional and non-traditional attitudes related to the amount of time spent in traditional female t asks, traditional male tasks and time spent in all household tasks were tested. Analysis of variance and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation were used to analyze the data. No statistically significant results were found when husbands' and wives' attitudes toward the allocation of household tasks were related to the amount of time spent in traditional female tasks, traditional male tasks, and total housework It was concluded that attitudes towards the division of household tasks as measured in this research did not predict or influence the amount of time spent accomplishing household tasks.

Syftet med den här studien var att göra en kvantitativ datainsamling för att kartlägga om det fanns ett samband mellan användning av sociala medier, spel- och studietimmar och stress hos gymnasieungdomar i årskurs 3. Mätinstrumenten som användes var Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) och Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) samt två frågor om elevernas spel-och studietimmar.       Resultatet visade att det inte fanns några korrelationer som gav stöd för hypoteserna förutom när det gällde kvinnor, men eftersom de var underrepresenterade var det inte en stark sådan. Enligt resultaten för samband mellan stress, medieanvändning, studietimmar och speltimmar för kvinnor och män fanns det ett medelstarkt positivt samband mellan medieanvändning och studietimmar (r=.556), vilket innebar att ju större användning av sociala medier kvinnorna hade desto fler studietimmar hade de.       Lämplig framtida forskning skulle kunna vara kvantitativa longitudinella studier för att få en bredare analys. Som komplement skulle en kvalitativ intervjustudie kunna användas för djupare analyser inom området. / The aim of this study was to make a quantitative data collection to investigate the relationship between social media usage, time spent gaming, time spent studying and stress of upper secondary school students in grade 3. Two survey methods which were used in the study were Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and two questions concerning time spent gaming and time spent on homework.       The result showed no significant correlations to support the hypotheses except for women but as they were underrepresented the correlation was insignificant. According to the results as for the relationship between social media usage, time spent gaming, time spent studying and stress of upper secondary school students for men and women a medium strong positive correlation (r=.556) between social media usage and time spent on homework was found in the study which implies that the more social media usage for women, the more time spent studying. Future research should consider quantitative longitudinal studies for broader analyses. Qualitative studies with interviews would help achieving a deeper analysis in the field.

Master of Science / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / Jared R. Anderson / The present study tests the reciprocal relationships between marital attitudes, time spent together, and marital satisfaction in a sample of newlyweds (N = 1220). Using cognitive dissonance theory and the investment model, this study tests two sets of theoretically derived unidirectional pathways to provide empirical evidence for longitudinal associations between these three constructs. Two separate models were tested, one for husbands, and one for wives. For both husbands and wives, results of the panel models indicated significant autoregressive paths among all three variables from T1 to T2, T2 to T3, and T1 to T3. Among husbands, significant cross-lagged paths emerged between T1 marital satisfaction and T2 marital attitudes, T1 marital satisfaction and T2 time spent together, T1 time spent together and T2 marital satisfaction, T2 time spent together and T3 marital satisfaction, and T2 time spent together and T3 marital attitudes. For wives, cross-lagged paths between T1 marital satisfaction and T2 time spent together, T1 time spent together and T2 marital satisfaction, and T2 time spent together and T3 marital satisfaction were found to be significant. Bootstrap test for indirect effects resulted in no significant mediating effects in the models. The results of these models are discussed and implications for future research and intervention are given.

This study examines the relationships between celebrities and their followers through social networking sites (SNS). A total of 239 participants completed the survey through MTurk. The results show that celebrities’ self-disclosure on SNS increases their Parasocial Interaction (PI) with fans. In addition, when a celebrity is perceived as trustworthy, s/he would have a higher PI with fans. Meanwhile, celebrities’ self-disclosure was not associated with trustworthiness. Furthermore, time spent on SNS was also not associated with PI. This study also found that type of celebrity does not determine the degree of influence they have on the followers. People have almost same parasocial interaction with their favorite celebrity whether the celebrity is a singer, athlete, actor, or any other. Additionally, there is no specific social networking site on which people have a stronger PI with celebrities. PI with celebrities on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, and the other platforms is almost the same.

No description available.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att få en förståelse för hur situationerna för äldre i hemlösa situationer kan se ut samt bidragande orsaker till varför de blir kvar i hemlösheten. För att uppfylla syftet har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med organisationer som kommer i kontakt med de äldre i hemlösa situationer. Utifrån deras erfarenheter har det gått att urskilja teman som beskriver den rådande situationen för de äldre i hemlöshet utifrån bidragande orsaker och tillvaron i den hemlösa situationen. Temana beskriver bland annat hur de äldre exkluderas från olika hjälpinsatser och hur det, vi benämner som, slitsamma livet kan se ut men också förslag på förebyggande åtgärder. Temana tolkades utifrån en individuell, en strukturell perspektiv, samt normer, normalisering och kategorisering. Studiens slutsats belyser vikten av vidare studier inom området, specifikt i relation till den biologiska ålderns betydelse i relation till det sociala stödsystemets kategoriseringar. Det är även av vikt att studera förekomsten av skillnader mellan långvarig och kortvarig tid i att vara äldre i en hemlös situation. / The purpose of this study is to develop a thorough understanding of the representation of homeless older people and an insight into contributing factors as to why they remain homeless. To meet the purpose of the study, qualitative interviews have been conducted with organizations that come into contact with older people in homeless situations. Themes have been identified based on the experiences that describe the current situation of the elderly in homeless situations including the contributing factors and the amount of time spent in homelessness. The themes detail how the elderly are excluded from various relief efforts and how the backbreaking life can be, and also suggestions for homelessness preventive measures. These themes were interpreted on an individual basis and a structural approach and standards, normalization, and categorization. The study's conclusion highlights the importance of further study in this area, specifically in relation to the biological age significance in relation to the social support system categorizations. Another important factor is to study the differences between long and short-term homelessness in older people.

No description available.

No description available.

Reading has long been acknowledged to be a critical skill that is best acquired early in life. According to the most recent National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reports, American public school children continue to struggle to master the basics of reading. Although federal funding in real dollars has increased consistently over time, reading scores have not followed suit, suggesting that fiscal resources have not been applied successfully to the variables that are directly related to reading acquisition and achievement. The current state of affairs therefore suggests the need for identifying a fiscally-targetable, instructionally-relevant variable with a direct, causal relationship to early-reading achievement. One way to determine whether such a relationship exists between two variables is by means of dose-response methodology. Although this methodology has not been broadly implemented in educational research, it is attractive because it allows for the formal characterization and comparison of cause-effect relationships, and may also inform practice in readily implementable ways. Researchers have noted that time spent learning (TSL), and in particular academic learning time (ALT), is a promising candidate for a dose-response relationship with student achievement in early reading. Although ALT holds promise, there have traditionally been significant difficulties in operationalizing and quantifying it. The growing prevalence of academic software in the American public classroom holds promise for overcoming these challenges and provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that there is a dose-response relationship between ALT and student achievement in early reading.