I Sverige lever idag ungefär 150 000 personer med en demenssjukdom och det är vanligt att personen uppvisar ett agiterat beteende. Antalet som drabbas av en demenssjukdom ökar i takt med att människan lever längre. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa beröring som omvårdnadsintervention vid demensrelaterad agitation. Studien genomfördes utifrån Polit och Beck’s (2008) riktlinjer för litteraturstudier och bygger på elva granskade artiklar. Via databaserna Cinahl, PubMed, PsykInfo samt AMED har data insamlats. Litteraturstudiens resultat visar på en minskning av agitationsbeteende hos studiedeltagarna, under tiden när massage ges, under interventionsperioden samt i ett fåtal fall även en tid efter att interventionen är avslutad. Beröring har även visats ge en motsatt effekt hos personerna, där agitationen istället ökade. Resultaten redovisas under två huvudkategorier: Betydelsen av beröring under intervention och Betydelsen av beröring efter avslutad intervention. Vidare redovisas resultat i underkategorierna Handmassage och Taktil massage.

This research addresses the ability of dissipative passive actuators to generate control effects on a passive haptic interface. A haptic display is a human-machine interface that constructs a sensation of touch for the human operator. Applications can be found in various industries, space, medicine and construction etc. A dissipative passive haptic display contains passive actuators that can remove energy from the system by resisting motions in the system. The advantage of a dissipative passive haptic display is better safety compared to an active display. Its disadvantage is the limited control ability from the passive actuators. This research starts with the identification of the control ability and limitations of dissipative passive haptic interfaces. The ability is identified as the steerability, the ability to redirect motions of a manipulator. The force generation analysis of each individual actuator is then selected as an approach to evaluate the steerability. Steerability metrics are defined to evaluate the steerability. Even though non-redundant manipulators dont have desired steerability, optimal steering configurations are found for the best operation. Steerability is improved by redundancy in serial or parallel structures. A theorem is developed to evaluate steerability for redundant manipulators. The influence of system dynamics on their steerabilities is discussed. Previously developed haptic interfaces are evaluated based on their steerabilities. Steerability analysis of three-dimensional haptic interfaces is also given to a limited extent as an extension of the two-dimensional cases. Brakes and clutches are the two types of dissipative passive actuators in this research.

The change in global environment had bought about changes in economic structure, small to medium size LCD-display industry is now facing unprecedented challenges. In order to survive from global competition, it is a must for corporate to establish unique competitive advantages and technology innovation, is an integral part. Because quality and resolution of TFT-LCD is superior to STN-LCD, even price had gradually become more competitive, many electronic products have started designing in TFT-LCD displays. As a result, market share of STN-LCD is declining year by year. In recent years, some manufacturers are using technology innovation as the means to improve their own competitiveness. Utilization of the matured technology of STN to further development of other applications and emerging markets is the key task for many display manufacturers. Manufacturers from around the globe are aggressively seeking new development opportunities, hoping to achieve and obtain a more important position in the market. Since the introduction of iPhone, not only capacitive touch panel and multi-touch technology have become the focus for all manufacturers, but also flat touch screen design has also become the theme pursued by all assembly plants. The most attractive feature of iPhone is its beautiful trendy look, its simplicity and smart friendly user interface. The projected capacitive touch panel used on iPhone, not only includes advantages of traditional capacitive touch sensors, but also offer the function of multi-touch, which is an important and representative machine interface development trend. This study uses mainly case study method and we have selected E company, which is one of the top three of the STN-LCD industry, to carry out the research. By summarizing existing literature, analyzing touch panel industry & strategies, and in-depth interview with key personnel from the display and related industry, I hope to conclude E company¡¦s business model in both theoretical and practical dimensions; then use it as the reference for future business development for other small to medium size LCD-display manufacturers. The result shows that, E company¡¦s business model is to continuously strengthen level of integration and expand display applications. With the introduction of capacitive touch panel, E company integrates its own STN-LCD & outsourced TFT-LCD with self designed capacitive touch panel in order to achieve better competitiveness and expand display business into more applications.

As a method of marketing communications between companies and consumers, packages serve as a ¡§spokesperson¡¨ of the product on the point-of-sale. These may have significant impacts on the process of consumers¡¦ purchase decisions. Consumers also make inferences from the products packages, and the location of the product image on a package facade was one of the factors that influences consumers¡¦ perceptions of the visual heaviness of the product and evaluations of the package, which is called ¡§product image location effect.¡¨ Based on previous studies on the product image location effect, this study distinguished the product image locations into two places: perceived as heavy or light. Furthermore, three types of sensation cues (¡§vision-only¡¨, ¡§vision and touch simultaneously¡¨, and ¡§vision then touch¡¨) are considered in this study in order to understand how the product image location effect works. In addition, individual differences in need for touch (NFT) is also incorporated into this research to examine how it may sway the results of product image location effect and consumers¡¦ confidence when judging products. The present study employed an experimental design to investigate the effects of product image location (bottom-right vs. top-left), the type of sensation cues (vision-only vs. vision and touch simultaneously vs. vision then touch), and autotelic need for touch (low vs. medium vs. high) on consumers¡¦ evaluation of perceived product heaviness and confidence in product judgments. A 2x3x3 factorial design was conducted. Six different scenarios were established through virtual packages and different sensation inputs. A quantile method was used to distinguish consumers into low, medium and high autotelic NFT. Consumers¡¦ evaluation was measured by perceived product heaviness and confidence in product judgments. The results indicated that when there was a tactile input, the product image location effect would disappear. Besides, compared to those who were medium and high in autotelic NFT, product image location effect was more influential on those who were low in autotelic NFT. In addition, in vision-only condition, location of the product image influenced consumers¡¦ confidence in product judgment. According to these findings, this research contributes to the further understandings of product image location effect and provides implications for researchers and marketers on package design.

The touchscreen smartphone platform is inherently flexible, giving it the potential to meet the needs and desires of individuals diverse in age and ability. Despite universal design research efforts providing industry with guidance to address this opportunity, current designs fall short. The disconnect stems from differing priorities in design and development and opposing approaches to defining and grouping the user population. The research presented in this dissertation aims to remove these issues from the process of discovering touchscreen smartphone design opportunities. It focuses on users' prior and desired customizations rather than ability- or market-factors. Data were collected on participants' devices' out-of-the-box, current and desired device states along with related stories about their actual and desired device modifications. Template and image analyses identified patterns in the data, which also revealed an underlying structure for organizing and presenting participants' needs and desires associated with smartphone touchscreen customizations. The needs and desires suggest opportunities for industry to shift towards universal design. The structure offers an approach to addressing the gaps between the ability-centered and market-driven approaches to the design of consumer technology.

<p>Vid åldrandet försämras den verbala kommunikationen och kroppslig beröring blir en viktig del i kommunikation med andra. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar den äldre patientens upplevelse av sjuksköterskans beröring. Beröring har två olika dimensioner, en instrumentell och en affektiv. Äldre patienter upplever instrumentell beröring som nödvändig, medan den affektiva beröringen upplevs som spontan. Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskans kön och ålder har en betydelse för hur äldre patienter upplever beröring. Både kvinnliga och manliga patienter föredrar kvinnliga sjuksköterskor. Det finns både säkra och osäkra zoner som kunde beröras. De säkra zonerna var händer, axlar och underben och de osäkra zonerna var intima delar. Mild massage har positiva effekter på äldre patienter som t.ex. förbättrad sömn, mindre smärta och oro. Äldre patienter upplevde både positiva och negativa känslor när de blev berörda av sjuksköterskan. När sjuksköterskan var kompetent och försiktig kände de välbefinnande i motsats till när sjuksköterskan var stressad eller hårdhänt då de upplevde smärta och oro</p> / <p>When a person gets older their verbal communication becomes poor and the use of touch becomes an important way to communicate. The purpose of this literature review was to identify which factors that has a meaning of how older patients experience touch. Touch has different dimensions, such as instrumental and affective or expressive. Older patients’ experiences instrumental touch as necessary but affective as something spontaneous. Results show that the gender and age of the nurse influence older patients’ perception of touch. Both female and male patients prefer a female nurse. There are safe zones and unsafe zones that can be touched. The safe zones are hands, shoulders and lower legs. The unsafe zones are intimate parts of the body. Gentle massage has positive effects in older patients’ for example giving them improved sleep, less pain and anxiety. The older patients experiences both positive and negative feelings when they were touched by a nurse. When the nurse showed competence and was sensitive they felt well-being, in opposite way when the nurse was stressed or rough they felt pain and became worried.</p>

<p>Godkännandedatum: 2015-01-02</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen Hur pedagogernas beröring av barn kan påverka barnens könsroller - en studie om beteendemönster på fritidshemmet är att undersöka om det finns en skillnad på hur de observerade pedagogerna i min undersökning rör vid flickor och pojkar. Resultatet av undersökningen är att de observerade pedagogerna gav flickorna dubbelt så mycket positiv beröring, samtidigt som de gav pojkarna tretton gånger så mycket negativ beröring. Sett till tidigare forskning i området betyder det att pedagogerna bemöter flickor och pojkar olika utefter kön och riskerar att vara medskapare till att befästa stereotypa könsroller. Jag har i uppsatsen använt mig av metoden observation och analyserar dessa observationer med ett socialkonstruktivistiskt och genusteoretiskt synsätt. / The purpose of the bachelor thesis How the pedagogues way of touching children may affect the childrens' gender roles - a study about behavioural patterns in the recreational center of school, is to examine if there is a difference in how the observed pedagogues in my study touch girls and boys. The result of the survey is that the observed pedagogues gave the girls twice as much positive touch, while giving the the boys thirteen times as much negative touch. Considering previous research in the area this means that the pedagogues meet girls and boys differently and run the risk of assisting in establishing gender role stereotypes. I have in my bachelor thesis used the method of observation and analyze these observations with a social constructivist and gender theoretical approach.

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Research in multi-touch interaction has typically been focused on direct spatial manipulation; techniques have been created to result in the most intuitive mapping between the movement of the hand and the resultant change in the virtual object. As we attempt to design for more complex operations, the effectiveness of spatial manipulation as a metaphor becomes weak. We introduce two new platforms for multi-touch computing: a gesture recognition system, and a new interaction technique. I present Multi-Tap Sliders, a new interaction technique for operation in what we call non-spatial parametric spaces. Such spaces do not have an obvious literal spatial representation, (Eg.: exposure, brightness, contrast and saturation for image editing). The multi-tap sliders encourage the user to keep her visual focus on the tar- get, instead of requiring her to look back at the interface. My research emphasizes ergonomics, clear visual design, and fluid transition between modes of operation. Through a series of iterations, I develop a new technique for quickly selecting and adjusting multiple numerical parameters. Evaluations of multi-tap sliders show improvements over traditional sliders. To facilitate further research on multi-touch gestural interaction, I developed mGestr: a training and recognition system using hidden Markov models for designing a multi-touch gesture set. Our evaluation shows successful recognition rates of up to 95%. The recognition framework is packaged into a service for easy integration with existing applications.