Syfte: Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vilka faktorer en upplevelseaktivitet behöver innehålla för att ha potential som en turistisk aktivitet. Metod: Denna studie har genomförts genom kvalitativ metod där Interpretativ fenomenologisk analys utgjort arbetssättet, med intervjuer som grund. Teori: Teorin behandlar upplevelser med fokus på aktiviteter, samskapande och motivation som centrala delar. Teorin avslutas med en teoretisk syntes för att sammanfatta och knyta ihop de olika delarna. Empiri: 19 stycken intervjuer genomfördes och dessa redovisas i empirin. Frågorna under intervjuerna togs fram utifrån teorikapitlet och med målet att besvara syftet.  Slutsats: Slutsatsen visar att såväl motivation som samskapande är två faktorer som spelar stor roll för konsumenter och är kraftigt bidragande orsaker till huruvida en upplevelseaktivitet kan fungera som en turistisk aktivitet. Författarna upptäckte även ett samband mellan motivation och samskapande i form av att konsumenters motivation inför upplevelsen påverkar vilken grad av samskapande de upplever vilket i sin tur påverkar hur lyckad upplevelsen blir. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to increase understanding of which factors an experience activity needs to contain to have potential as a tourism activity. Method: This study has been conducted through qualitative methodology where interpretative phenomenological analysis constituted the working method, with interviews as basis. Theory: The theory deals with experiences focusing on activities, co-creation and motivation as key elements. The theory ends with a theoretical synthesis to summarize and tie the various parts together. Empiria: 19 interviews were conducted and these are reported in the empiria. The questions during the interviews were based on the theory chapter with the aim of answering the purpose. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that both motivation and co-creation are two factors that play a major role for consumers and are strongly contributing reasons for whether an experience activity can act as a tourism activity. The authors also discovered a correlation between motivation and co-creation in the sense that consumers' motivation for the experience influences the degree of co-creation they experience, which in turn affects how successful the experience is.

Frågeställningar: Vad bör en CSR-strategi innehålla för en resebyrå? Underfråga: Hur bör en resebyrå kommunicera sin CSR-strategi till sina leverantörer? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera vilka aspekter och komponenter som bör ligga till grund för en resebyrås CSR-strategi. Målet är att dessa grunder ska mynna ut i rekommendationer för resebyråer för hur de ska formulera sin CSR-strategi. Syftet är även att undersöka och analysera hur resebyrån, som mellanhand, på bästa sätt ska kommunicera denna strategi till sina leverantörer. Vi ämnar hjälpa och guida resebyråer med att kommunicera dessa rekommendationer till sina leverantörer för att på så sätt göra resebranschen till en industri som på ett mer ansvarsfullt sätt tar hänsyn till ovan nämnda aspekter och komponenter. Metod: Denna kvalitativa uppsats har utförts med en induktiv ansats. Studien har byggts på data insamlad från semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer, sekundärkällor från relevanta organisationer samt litteraturstudier från framstående författare i ämnena CSR och CSR-kommunikation. Resultat: Studien har visat att CSR bör delas in i aspekter och komponenter som senare mynnar ut i aktiviteter för företag inom resebranschen att vidta. Dessa bör sedan kommuniceras till leverantörer med hjälp av kommunikation i form av dialoger, avtal och uppföljning. / Research questions: What should be included in a CSR-strategy for a travel agency? Sub question: How should a travel agency communicate this CSR-strategy to its suppliers? Purpose: This study aims to analyze what aspects and components that should be included in a travel agency’s CSR-strategy. The goal with the study is to create recommendations for travel agencies so that they can formulate their CSR-strategy. The aim is also to examine and analyze how the travel agency, as an intermediator, in best possible way can communicate this strategy to its suppliers to make the tourism industry more responsible. The study also aims to help and guide companies in the tourism industry to communicate their CSR-strategy. Methods: This qualitative research is inductive. The study has been built on data from semi-structured phone interviews, secondary data from relevant organizations and literature studies from well-known authors in the subjects of CSR and CSRcommunication. Results: The study has shown that CSR should be divided in to aspects and components, which in turn will lead to activities for companies in the tourism industry to take part of. These aspects, components and activities should then be communicated by agreements, dialogues and follow-ups.

The goal of this thesis is to identify the main political and economic implications of Dubai’s debt crisis and subsequent bailout by her wealthier and more powerful sister emirate Abu Dhabi. This paper examines the implications of the bailout of Dubai on two levels: Dubai’s relationship with Abu Dhabi and Dubai’s relationship with the international investment community. The paper first provides a brief background on Dubai, one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and discusses Dubai’s key characteristics that helped give Dubai her nickname Dubai Inc. – an opportune location, the Al-Maktoum ruling family, and state-led entrepreneurship. It then discusses Dubai’s historically competitive relationship with Abu Dhabi and Dubai’s push to diversify economically away from oil. The paper outlines two key economic developments – the rise of Dubai’s real estate and tourism sectors and the creation of Dubai’s government-related enterprises (GREs), which helped finance the real estate bubble. This thesis suggests that Abu Dhabi now holds unquestionable power over Dubai and can control Dubai’s GREs and their subsidiaries such as Dubai World. This paper also argues that the international investment community will demand increased transparency and higher standards of corporate governance of Dubai’s businesses in light of the entrenched poor practices that the bailout exposed within the tiny-city state's GREs and companies. / text

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The study was planned to investigate the relevance of the National Certificate Vocational tourism programme for the South African tourism industry in terms of the employability and skills required by tourism students to work in the tourism industry, once they graduated. The main objective of this study was to identify the challenges facing the National Certificate Vocational tourism programme, with sub-objectives focussing on the level of graduates’ employability, articulation from the National Certificate Vocational programme to higher education, as well as on the skills and abilities needed by National Certificate Vocational lecturers to teach in their specific field. The research was conducted in the form of an empirical survey to gather information using research questionnaires. A mixed methods approach, using both a quantitative and qualitative methodology, was employed to gather relevant data for the study. Qualitative questionnaires were distributed to a target population comprising conveniently selected National Certificate Vocational Tourism graduates (a total sample of 100), and National Certificate Vocational lecturers (a sample of 50 suitably qualified persons), at four Technical Vocational Education and Training colleges in the Western Cape. Personal interviews were conducted with ten conveniently selected tourism industry employers and role-players. Ten specifically identified representatives of tourism and government education departments and other government organisations were also part of the target population. The first part of the study looked at the history of Vocational Education and how it is practised in other countries. The history of the National Certificate Vocational programmes within South Africa is explained, as well as the challenges facing the National Certificate Vocational tourism qualification and its relevance to the tourism industry in South Africa. Results from the research suggested that National Certificate Vocational tourism students are only employable in small to medium micro enterprises (SMMEs) once they graduate. It was concluded that graduates would need more experience and practical knowledge to be employable in the wider tourism labour market. The results confirm that the updated National Certificate Vocational tourism curriculum is critically important to make the qualification more relevant to the South African tourism industry.

觀光旅遊業已成為二十一世紀的明星產業，根據觀光局統計2015年來臺觀光旅客已達到1,043萬人次，觀光外匯收入更達到4,528億元。觀光旅遊業的迅速發展，不僅可藉由吸引外來觀光客增加外匯收入、創造就業機會，政府亦能以創新思維，推動整合性政策及各縣市行銷策略來振興經濟，藉此提升國民的生活品質。若能找出臺灣觀光發展特色並永續經營，必讓臺灣成為新的區域中心點、成為亞太新觀光中心。 基於上述研究動機，本研究主要探討2014年來臺觀光旅客所參與活動的特性。以交通部觀光局所提供之問卷，進行資料整理並使用決策樹分析，找出來臺旅客所參與各項活動之特徵，進而瞭解來臺旅客旅遊動機、消費情形及休憩滿意度，以供政府及民間相關單位研擬國際觀光宣傳與行銷策略、提昇國內觀光服務品質與國際旅遊觀光競爭力之參考，並持續提升臺灣觀光品質形象，更努力建構質量並進的觀光環境，希望能奠定觀光產業從量變到質變的基礎，達到擴大觀光服務輸出的目的。 / Tourism has become a major industry in Taiwan in the 21st century. According to the Tourism Bureau, Taiwan received over 10 million international visitors in 2015, which generates over 4.5 billion New Taiwan dollars in revenue. With the industry fast booming, tourism revenue is increased and new jobs are created. The government is thus able to boost the economy through innovation in all comprehensive policies and collaboration between cities and counties on marketing strategies, which in turn raises the living standards of Taiwanese citizens. If the industry is developed efficiently and sustainably, Taiwan has the potential to be the next focal point of Asian-Pacific tourism. With the information mentioned above in mind, this study aims to analyze international visitors to Taiwan and activities they engaged in in the year 2014. Based on surveys provided by the Tourism Bureau, it utilizes decision tree analysis to identify the characteristics of visitors and their activities. It further explores their purpose of visit, spending during and overall satisfaction with their stay. In doing so, it could make a positive contribution when the government and tourism-related industries intend to devise future marketing strategies, improve service performance, and build a global image to attract more tourists. All in all, more emphasis should be laid on quality than quantity in order for the tourism industry to expand efficiently and sustainably.

The thesis analyses the essential determinants of the global importance which are currently causing the turbulent changes in the immediate and wider context of leisure and travel. The tourism industry is an important part of the national economy and the lifestyle. The global factors and their impact on the field of tourism were identified through the academic resources and a survey realized in Autumn and Winter 2009/10. A questionnaire was used for data collecting and a sample of 104 respondents was created. The following determinants were described: the level of political stability in tourism destination including the risk of terrorist attacks and other violence risks, the global financial crisis, the natural disasters and the occurrence of infectious diseases. The development of tourism is also affected by the world-wide globalization, the changing climate, the ageing of population, the greater mobility and the mass leisure including the process of changing values. The results of the empirical survey confirmed the validity of the given hypothesis. Finally the recommendations for the tourism businesses resulting from the analysis were introduced.

No description available.

Denna studie syftar till att skönja vilken motståndskraft aktörer inom besöksnäringen i Karlstad, har mot pågående Corona-pandemi. De deltagande aktörerna arbetar inom sektorerna hotell-restaurang, event, transport samt offentlig sektor. Dessa sektorer har valts ut för att påvisa från olika delar av besöksnäringen, hur motståndskraften hos aktörerna möjligen skiljer sig åt och för att få olika perspektiv på studien. Studien har tittat på vilka olika lösningar som arbetats fram av aktörerna, samt vad statens och kommunens roll har varit under pandemin. Det utgås också från ett fokus på kriser och krisplanering, samt vad forskningen säger om pandemiers involvering i krisplanering. Vad händer när en pandemi slår till och restriktioner från staten begränsar människors möjlighet att resa och befinna sig i folksamlingar. På så vis har staten en betydande roll i vår studie, då restriktioner och krispaket bidragit till att förändra besöksnäringen. Hur aktörerna har tagit del av dessa krispaket utfärdat av staten är också av betydande för studien, då det påvisar en länk mellan den offentliga och privata sektorn, varpå alla roller behövs för att skapa en enhetlig besöksnäring som klarar sig genom kriser. Människors mobilitet är i allra högsta grad kopplat till det turistiska systemet, vad händer då när en länk av detta bryts och begränsning av resandet görs. Har det skapats lösningar för att anpassa företagen mot rådande omständigheter, när resandet har begränsats. En fråga av betydelse är om det går att skönja några samarbeten inom besöksnäringen och hur aktörerna ser på framtiden. Studien utgår från aktuell forskning, som stärker aktörernas argument hur rådande omständigheter i pandemin upplevs. För att för att få en realistisk bild över motståndskraften, mot pandemin, har en kvalitativ metod i form av djupgående intervjuer med olika aktörer inom besöksnäringen gjorts. Aktuell statistik har analyserats, gällande arbetsmarknadsläget, som stärker studiens resultat. Där har statistik gällande korttids-permitteringar och varsel på nationell och regional nivå analyserats, för att få en lägesbild av hur situationen ser ut på arbetsmarknaden inom besöksnäringen. Studiens syfte är således att kunna utläsa vilken motståndskraft besöksnäringen hade mot Corona-pandemin, genom att koppla ihop forskningen med intervjumaterialet och statistiken, för att på så vis kunna utläsa ett resultat.  På vilket sätt en pandemi påverkat besöksnäringen blev av allra högsta betydande för studien och det som studien utgår från, genom att se på olika aktörers motståndskraft inom besöksnäringen i Karlstad. Detta då motståndskraften hänger ihop med turismsystemet och alla delar är betydande för att skapa en fungerande besöksnäring. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience amongst different actors in the tourism industry in the city of Karlstad, during the ongoing outbreak of the Corona-pandemic. Solutions within the structural boundaries of society and tourism is of interest, to see how the actors has managed to handle their current situation. The importance of the role from the state and the municipality is also a factor, not least the travel restrictions which has been imposed on the mobility of tourists. The crisis packages provided by the state is a solution of interest to the study as well. The actors use of these crisis packages and their implementation of crisis planning and management has also been studied, to see how crisis like a pandemic affects the whole structure of the tourism system.Kvalitative method has been applied in this study including depth interviews with different local actors from different sectors in the tourism industry. These sectors involve hotel and restaurants, events, transportation and the public sector. Statistics from the Swedish Employment Agency and the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth has also been used to illustrate the growing rate of people within the tourism sector being subjected to notice of termination, whichindicates the gravity of the pandemics impact on our society. The material collected from the interviews and the statistical data has been interlinked in order to answer the research questions and purpose of this study, regarding the resilience amongst the tourist actors.

Resor har länge varit en del av människors liv och kan bidra till både välmående ochökad livskvalitet. Dock har inte alla samma förutsättningar när det kommer till attresa. Det gäller bland annat personer med funktionsnedsättningar. Trots att 15procent av världens befolkning tros leva med en funktionsnedsättning finns idagbegränsade möjligheter för dem att ta del av resor på lika villkor som andra. Detverkar gälla även inom Sverige. Resa utan hinder är med det sagt en studie inomforskningsområdet tillgänglig turism som avser att undersöka tillgängligheten inomden svenska besöksnäringen. I syfte att uppmärksamma eventuellaförbättringsområden utgår studien från hur personer med någon form avrörelsenedsättning uppfattar sina möjligheter att resa inom Sverige. Dessauppfattningar kartläggs med en enkätundersökning och används sedan som grund föratt presentera möjliga utvecklingsmöjligheter för den svenska besöksnäringen.Resultatet visar att personer med rörelsenedsättningar på grund av bristandetillgänglighet inte kan ta del av resor till den grad de önskar inom Sverige. Detframkommer att begränsningarna beror på bristfälligheter inom både besöksnäringenoch samhället i stort. Vidare uppmärksammas brister gällande den fysiska miljön,tillgång till tillförlitlig information samt negativa attityder. Med det som grundföreslås att den svenska besöksnäringen såväl som andra aktörer i samhället i enhögre grad bör prioritera tillgänglighet, förmedla mer tillförlitlig information,samarbeta, be om hjälp från sakkunniga, säkerhetsställa kompetensen hosmedarbetarna och göra rätt från början. / Due to accessibility barriers, people with disabilities do not have the sameopportunities to participate in tourism activities as others. This is a problem that canbe seen worldwide, with Sweden not being an exception. In this study, a survey hasbeen used to collect comprehensive data from people with mobility impairments inorder to identify possible improvements for the tourism industry in Sweden. Theresult shows that the barriers are mainly associated with the physical environment,access to information and attitudes. This in turns has contributed to suggestedimplications for both actors in the tourism industry and the society. The implicationsconcern prioritizing accessibility improvements, communicating reliableinformation, increasing co-operations, receiving inputs from experts, increasingcompetence among personnel and making right decisions from the start.

Digital technologies have a substantial impact on the tourism industry by affecting thetraveller's behaviour before, during and at the end of the trip and by transforming thetraditional travellers to the digital travellers and smart tourism. Data lies at the core ofall smart tourism activities and received considerable attention in the context of tourists'privacy concerns, precisely, location-based service (LBS). LBS is an example of smarttechnology to enhance travellers' experience and to provide significant benefits to users.Although, LBS become popular among tourists due to high information availability, easeof use, and cheapness, lack of location information protection make the users vulnerable.The latter is a great concern for users when they unintentionally allow the LBS providersto collect all information related to their location. Therefore, this study was conductedby focusing on the general concept of privacy to determine the issues related to the LBSusing in Småland tourism industry. The tourists' perceptions and understanding ofprivacy while using LBC were considered as a general concept of privacy.The study was performed through qualitative research by collecting data from thestructured-interview based on open-ended questions. The qualitative research presentedin this study was based on different viewpoints of interviewees. Thematic analysis wasused to obtain a comprehensive understanding of interviewees' privacy concerns to useLBS. The result indicated four major themes, such as personal information, privacybreach, hesitancy/conditionally and hedonic, that impact differently on tourists' intentionto use LBS. Furthermore, the personality of people, their perceptions and demands couldenhance their privacy concerns for using LBS. These concerns, however, might besuspended when the benefits of gaining information from LBS is considerable. Someother factors, such as the ease of use, user-friendly design, pleasant impression, alongwith providing useful information in the tourism destination, were also considered asessential for LBS adoption among tourists.