Šio darbo tikslas - nustatyti fizikinių veiksnių įtaką emulsijos su poliakrilo rūgšties polimeru Pemulen TR-1 stabilumui. Tyrimo objektas - vandeninis tirpalas, kuriame disperguotas polimerinis emulsiklis Pemulen TR-1; tiesioginio tipo emulsija, pagaminta su polimeriniu emulsikliu Pemulen TR-1. Tyrimo uždaviniai: ištirti vandeninės dispersijos koncentracijų (0,2-0,6%) ir lipofilinės fazės (10-50%) įtaką pH reikšmei; neutralizatorių (natrio šarmo ir trietanolamino) įtaką emulsijos lašelių dydžiui ir klampai; polimero Pemulen TR-1 koncentracijos įtaką emulsijų fiziniam stabilumui atliekant centrifugavimo testą ir šaldymo-šildymo ciklą; poliakrilo rūgšties polimero Pemulen TR-1 klampos pokyčio priklausomybę nuo emulsijos pH reikšmės; polimerinio emulsiklio ir nejonogeninės paviršiui aktyvios medžiagos įtaką emulsijos lašelių dydžiui ir klampai; įvertinti PAM įtaką emulsijos stabilumui; įvertinti polioksietilen(20)-sorbitano trioleato įtaka emulsijos tiksotropinėms savybėms. Ištyrus vandeninės polimerinės dispersijos pH reikšmes pastebėta, kad polimero koncentracijai pakitus nuo mažiausios (0,2%) iki didžiausios (0.6%), pH reikšmė sumažėjo apie 11% (p<0,05). Lipofilinės fazės koncentracijos pokytis neturi reikšmingos įtakos pH reikšmei. Nustatyta, kad didėjant polimerinio emulsiklio koncentracijai, atitinkamai didėja vandeninės polimerinės dispersijos klampa. Ištyrus emulsijas viskozimetriniu metodu pastebėta, kad neutralizuotos 18% NaOH tirpalu pasižymi didesne klampa, nei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Thesis goal - to investigate influence of variuos factors to stability of emulsion with hydrophilic polymer of poly acrylic acid Pemulen TR-1. Thesis object – polymeric dispersion of Pemulen TR-1; emulsion (o/w) made with polymeric emulsifier Pemulen TR-1. Thesis objectives: to study influence of concentration of water dispersion and lipophilic phase on pH value; influence of neutralizers (sodium hydroxide and trolamine) to size of emulsion droplets and viscosity; influence of polymer concentration to physical stability of emulsion during centrifugation test and heating-cooling cycle; viscosity change dependance of poly acrylic acid polymer on the emulsion pH range; influence on size of emulsion droplets and viscosity by polymeric emulsifier and non ionic to surface active agent; to evaluate surface active agnet influence on emulsifier‘s stability; to evaluate polioxietilen(20)- sorbitan trioleate influence on emulsifier‘s tixotropic features. After investigating pH meanings of water polymeric dispersion it was noticed, that increasing concentration of polymer (0.2%-0.6%) pH value dicreases (aproximately 11 %, p<0.05). Exploring influence of concentration of lipophilic phase on pH meaning it was stated that its change does not have important influence on pH value. It was noticed, that increasing concentration of polymer emulsifier viscosity of water polymeric dispersion increases accordingly. After reserching viscosity of emulsion the results were as follows that... [to full text]

Devant l’incidence de la suractivation de la voie PI3K/Akt/mTOR sur les cancers, nous avons choisi d’inhiber cette voie de signalisation. Etant donné la forte analogie structurale qui existe entre les enzymes PI3K et mTOR, nous avons conçu des inhibiteurs doubles ciblant deux kinases majeures de la voie. Ces inhibiteurs possèdent un noyau original pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidinique. Afin d’apporter de la diversité fonctionnelle et d’engendrer un effet thérapeutique, les sommets C-4, C-2 et C-7 furent fonctionnalisé séquentiellement selon l’ordre suivant. Tout d’abord, la position C-4 fut fonctionnalisée par des hétérocycles par substitution nucléophile aromatique. Puis divers cycles hétéroaromatiques furent introduits en position C-2 par couplage de type Suzuki-Miyaura. Enfin, des groupements variés furent insérés en position C-7 par différentes réactions. Dans l’étude de l’influence du squelette, l’isomère de position pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine fut également synthétisé et fonctionnalisé. Afin de tester ces inhibiteurs originaux, une plateforme de tests d’activités in vitro a été mise en place où cinq kits enzymatiques ont été optimisés sur la kinase PI3K, et un test sur mTOR. Ces tests exploitant la méthode de TR-FRET et de bioluminescence ont été validés avec des inhibiteurs de référence basés sur 4 facteurs : la corrélation entre IC50(littérature) et IC50(mesurée), Z’, R², et S/B.Au final, plus de soixante produits finaux ont été évalués in vitro sur PI3K et mTOR. La moitié présentent une IC50 inférieure à 100 nM et 5 ont des IC50 inférieures à 10 nM. Dans le cadre des échanges du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, les produits ont été testés sur 6 lignées de cellules cancéreuses. / Considering the impact of overactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in cancer, we chose to inhibit this signaling pathway. Given the high structural similarity between the PI3K and mTOR enzymes, we designed dual inhibitors targeting two of the three major kinases of the pathway. These inhibitors posses an original pyrido[3,2-d] pyrimidine scaffold. In order to provide a functional diversity and generate a therapeutic effect, the peaks C-4, C-2 and C-7 were functionalized sequentially in the following order. Position C-4 was first functionalized with aliphatic heterocycles by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Then, various heteroaromatic rings were introduced at the C-2 position by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Finally, different functions were inserted at the C-7 peak by different reactions. In order to study the influence of the scaffold, the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine isomer was also synthesized and functionalized. To test these original inhibitors a platform testing in vitro activities was set up in which five assay kits were optimized for the kinase PI3K, and one kit for mTOR. These tests exploit the TR-FRET and bioluminescence methods and were validated with commercially available inhibitors based on four factors: the correlation between IC50(literature) and IC50(measured), Z’, R², and S/B. In the end, more than sixty final products were evaluated in vitro on PI3K and mTOR. Half present an IC50 below 100 nM and 5 of them show an IC50 under 10 nM. As part of collaboration within the Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, the products were also tested on six cancer cell lines.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-21T17:22:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanyheltonDouglasFariasDantas_TESE.pdf: 1789728 bytes, checksum: 67db2da8d0858e16c0ce7c9dddaee4d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-22T12:23:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DanyheltonDouglasFariasDantas_TESE.pdf: 1789728 bytes, checksum: 67db2da8d0858e16c0ce7c9dddaee4d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T12:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanyheltonDouglasFariasDantas_TESE.pdf: 1789728 bytes, checksum: 67db2da8d0858e16c0ce7c9dddaee4d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A on?voria ? uma estrat?gia alimentar comum entre os peixes tropicais, mas pouco se conhece sobre as poss?veis causas e consequ?ncias deste padr?o. Neste trabalho, levantamos a hip?tese de que os peixes tropicais tendem a se alimentar mais baixo nas redes alimentares para compensar a maior demanda energ?tica, a qual aumenta com a temperatura da ?gua e o tamanho do corpo do animal. A an?lise dos dados de 8172 esp?cies de peixes marinhos e de ?gua doce do mundo, de regi?es tropicais e temperadas, demonstrou que a posi??o tr?fica dos peixes n?o carn?voros diminui com o aumento do tamanho do corpo em regi?es tropicais, mas n?o em regi?es temperadas. Este padr?o sugere que a maior demanda energ?tica dos peixes tropicais maiores deve ter exercido uma press?o seletiva para a evolu??o da onivoria. Como consequ?ncia, a din?mica tr?fica dos ecossistemas aqu?ticos tropicais deve apresentar padr?es distintos aos observados em ambientes temperados, com implica??es importantes para o manejo da qualidade da ?gua e a restaura??o de ecossistemas aqu?ticos eutrofizaos. Outra hip?tese deste trabalho, ? que os efeitos de peixes planct?voros on?voros sobre comunidades planct?nicas tropicais dependem da composi??o estequiom?trica dos produtores prim?rios que por sua vez depende da disponibilidade relativa de luz e nutrientes. Um experimento de campo em mesocosmos manipulando a disponibilidade de luz e a presen?a de peixes planct?voros confirmou a hip?tese de trabalho, sugerindo que a composi??o estequiometria e consequentemente a qualidade dos recursos alimentares determinam a estrutura tr?fica das redes alimentares pel?gicas em lagos tropicais. Finalmente, outro experimento de campo em mesocosmos sugere que a remo??o de peixes on?voros bentivoros deve ser mais eficaz do que a remo??o de peixes on?voros planct?voros para a melhoria da qualidade da ?gua de lagos e reservat?rios tropicais. Este ?ltimo experimento demonstrou que os peixes planctivoros on?voros aumentam a biomassa fitoplanct?nica atrav?s do mecanismo de cascata tr?fica sem aumentar as concentra??es de nutrientes na coluna d??gua. Por outro lado, os peixes bentivoros on?voros, se alimentando de detritos e outros recursos bent?nicos e excretando nutrientes na ?gua, translocam nutrientes do sedimento para a coluna d??gua, aumentando o aporte interno de f?sforo e a biomassa fitoplanct?nica atrav?s da sua intera??o com o sedimento. Portanto, o aporte interno de f?sforo pode ser reduzido e a qualidade da ?gua de lagos tropicais eutrofizados pode ser melhorada atrav?s da remo??o de peixes bent?voros on?voros. / Omnivory is a predominant feeding strategy among tropical fishes, but knowledge about its causes and consequences of this pattern is scarce. In this study we hypothesized that tropical fish feed lower in food web as a way to compensate a higher energetic demand, which increases with increasing water temperature and body size. Information about 8172 freshwater and marine fish species from whole world, from tropical and temperate ecosystems, showed that the trophic position of non-carnivore fish decreases with increasing body size in tropical but not in temperate ecosystems. This result indicates that the higher energetic demand of large-bodied tropical fish should exert a selective force in favor of omnivory. As a consequence, trophic dynamics in tropical freshwater ecosystems should have different patterns comparing to temperate ones, with major implications for water management and restoration of eutrophic aquatic ecosystems. Another hypothesis of this work was that effects of tropical omnivorous planktivorous fish on planktonic communities depend of primary producers stoichiometric composition, which depends of light availability relative to nutrients ratios. A mesocosm experiment, manipulating light availability and planktivorous fish presence, confirmed our hypothesis indicating that resource stoichiometric composition (consequently nutritional quality), determine trophic structure of pelagic food webs in tropical lakes. Finally another mesocosm experiment indicated that the removal of omnivorous benthivorous fish should be more efficient than removal of omnivorous planktivorus fish, as a way to improve water quality in tropical lakes and reservoirs. This last experiment showed that omnivorous planktivorous fish increase phytoplankton biomass due to trophic cascade interactions, without increasing nutrient concentrations in the water column. On the other hand, omnivorous benthivorous fish, feeding on detritus and other benthonic food sources and excreting nutrients in the water column, are responsible for translocate nutrient from sediments to the water column, increasing phosphorus pool and phytoplankton biomass. Thereby, internal phosphorus supply should be reduced and water quality of eutrophicated lakes could be improved by removing omnivorous benthivorous fish.

Bakgrund Klädesbranschen står inför nya möjligheter i form självserviceteknologi (SST). Ett flertal butiker har redan börjat använda olika typer av teknologiska lösningar. Det verkar dock finnas meningsskillnader angående om det är en god idé att införa SST i alla typer av butiker. Syfte Syftet med studien var att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur svenska konsumenters shoppingstil och teknikmognad möjliggör användningen av SST i klädesbutiker. Genomförande Efter en utförlig litteraturstudie konstruerades en enkät baserad på inom ämnet etablerade metoder inom köpbeteende och teknikmognad. Enkät delades ut i Linköping. En statistisk analys genomfördes därefter med hjälp av programvaran SPSS. Resultatet jämfördes och utvärderades till sist mot tidigare genomförda studier inom området. Slutsats Svenska konsumenter har olika shoppingstilar samt olika nivåer av teknikmognad. Studien identifierade fem konsumentgrupper av shoppingstilar samt fem konsumentgrupper av teknikmognad. De konsumenter som klassificerats som vane- och lojalitetsshoppare samt undvikare av shopping har en hög teknikmognad således är implementering av SST en god idé för dessa konsumentgrupper. För stilarna: shoppingälskaren och den förvirrade shopparen verkar potentiellt användande av SST mindre positivt då dessa karaktäriseras av lägre teknikmognad. / Background The apparel industry faces new possibilities in the form of selfservice technology (SST). Several stores have already started using different types of technological solutions. There seem to be a disagreement regarding whether or not this is a good idea to implement SST in all types of apparel stores. Purpose The purpose of this study is to create a deeper understanding regarding Swedish consumers decision making styles and their technology readiness and how this enables the use of SST in apparel stores. Completion After an extensive literature review a survey was created. The survey was based on well established tools for measuring consumer decision making styles and technology readiness. The survey was distributed in Linköping, Sweden and then analyzed in SPSS. Conclusion Swedish consumers have different consumer decision making styles and different levels of technology readiness. The study showed that it was possible to divide the consumers into four different groups regarding consumer decision making style. The consumers classified as habitual and brand loyal and shopping avoiders showed high levels of technology readiness, the enabling of SST for this type of consumer seems promising. The shopping lover and the confused shopper enabling of SST seems less promising since they show low levels of technology readiness.

Introduction The TR-24 is relatively new to the cyclotron market and its advantages over lower energy PET cyclotrons have not yet been fully realized. A new high current [18F] fluoride production target that takes advantage of the higher energy and current afforded by the TR-24 has been developed. Material and Methods The TR-24 cyclotron presents challenges of producing conventional PET isotopes even with its variable energy capability (18–25 MeV). Simultaneous irradiation of two targets that require different proton energies is possible only using beam energy degrader. Due to the relatively wide energy window, the degrader design is not trivial, especially for the high current operation. For example, reduction of beam energy from 24 to 18 MeV would require the use of an approximately 1.5 mm thick aluminum degrader. At 100 μA this degrader would have to be capable of dissipating 700 W of beam power, which would be challenging to achieve with no cooling or using a conventional helium cooling window. However, cooling water used as a beam energy degrader can dissipate several kilowatts of beam energy and provide additional cooling for target material and window foils. FIGURE 1 demonstrates the concept of the water cooled target window. A standard 18F- water target with a 2.5 mL fill volume and a 30 degree beam incident angle was modified to accept the new water window. A 1 mm thick region of circulating cooling water was inserted between the vacuum and the product foil. The combined beam energy degradation caused by the vacuum foil (0.00012“ Havar), the cooling water (1 mm) and the target foil (0.00012“ Havar) was approximately 7 MeV for a 24 MeV incident proton energy. The target was installed on a target selector mounted directly on the TR-24 cyclotron. No additional beam focusing or steering devices were used to defocus or correct beam shape. A small recirculation water system was setup to supply cooling water for the degrader. A mixed bed ion exchange column was installed on the return line to trap N-13 and radioactive metal ions that could possibly be etched from the Havar foils. The water in the degrader was continually circulated in a closed loop providing cooling to the vacuum and target foils. An 800mL/min water flow through the degrader was generated by a low pressure water pump. Results Several tests were performed with O-16 water to establish current – pressure curve and to determine “burn through” current (FIGURE 2). Conclusion Initial tests demonstrated that the new F-18 target with a 1 mm water degrader is capable of accepting power levels in excess of 3.6 kW, operating at 150 μA. More testing is under way, including testing with H218O to determine the F-18 production capacity of this target. We will look into adapting this concept to all ACSI PET targets, including the high current F-18 produc-tion target which can potentially reach an operational current of 200 μA.

Les câbles électriques sont partout dans de nombreux domaines où le transfert d'énergie et de l'information est nécessaire pour garantir une bonne performance d'un système. Un jour ou l'autre, un câble dans un réseau va montrer des signes de faiblesse qui conduit à l'apparition de défauts soit francs ou non francs. Malgré le fait que plusieurs méthodes de diagnostic de fil électriques et non-électriques ont été étudiés et mis au point au cours des dernières décennies, les techniques basées réflectométrie ont fourni des résultats efficaces avec des défauts difficiles, mais ont montré moins fiables à chaque fois que des erreurs légères sont traitées.Basé sur un concept radicalement différent, la méthode DORT, développé à l'origine en acoustique a récemment été transposée à la propagation à ondes guidées, par exemple, les réseaux de fils, et montré pour détecter avec précision et localiser les défauts mous simples même dans les configurations de réseau complexes. D'autre part, plusieurs défauts ne peuvent être résolus séparément. Désormais une formulation alternative du DORT basée sur un système de mise à jour est proposée. Notamment, cette nouvelle approche, appelée EDORT, a permis de localiser plusieurs défauts non francs dans différents réseaux de câblage et a permis l'extraction de l'intensité de chaque défaut uniquement. D'autre part, ces méthodes dans le domaine temporel comptent sur la disponibilité de potentiellement importantes largeurs de bande, afin de créer les conditions pour la résolution spatiale. Retournement temporel (TR) classement de signaux multiples, également connu sous le TR-MUSIC, assurée sous-longueur d'onde résolution spatiale des emplacements des défauts tout en travaillant sur une base mono-fréquence. TR-MUSIC a montré une bonne performance dans la localisation unique, ainsi que de multiples défauts non francs dans différentes configurations de réseau. Il a également montré pour permettre la récupération du coefficient de réflexion de chaque défaut séparément. / Electrical cables are everywhere in many fields where the transfer of energy and information is necessary to guarantee a good performance of a system. One day or another, a cable in a network will show signs of weakness leading to the appearance of either hard or soft faults. Despite the fact that several electric and non-electric wire diagnosis methods have been studied and developed throughout the last few decades, reflectometrybased techniques have been providing effective results with hard faults, but have shown to be less reliable whenever soft faults are addressed. Based on a radically different concept, the DORT method, originally developed in acoustics was recently transposed to guided-wave propagation, e.g., wire networks, and shown to precisely detect and locate single soft faults even within complex network configurations. On the other hand, multiple faults cannot be resolved separately. Henceforth an alternative formulation of the DORT based on an updating scheme is proposed. Notably, this novel approach, referred to as EDORT, allowed locating multiple soft faults in different wiring networks and enabled extracting the intensity of each fault solely. On the other hand, such time domain methods rely on the availability of potentially large bandwidths, in order to create the conditions for spatial resolution. Time-reversal (TR) multiple signal classification, also known as TR-MUSIC, ensured sub-wavelength spatial resolution of the faults’ locations while working on a single-frequency basis. TR-MUSIC has shown a good performance in locating single as well as multiple soft faults in different network configurations. It has also shown to allow retrieving the reflection coefficient of each fault separately.

A solução da maioria dos problemas práticos enfrentados por administradores financeiros passa pela identificação prévia do custo de oportunidade para investimentos de diferentes prazos e riscos. Este trabalho busca, no conjunto de seus capítulos, realizar uma avaliação crítica das propriedades da estrutura temporal de taxas de juros em reais e de sua utilização como variável exógena fundamental na análise financeira. Sem a pretensão de esgotar qualquer dos temas abordados, procurou-se estabelecer a curva de juros para investimentos livres de riscos em moeda nacional e, através de um conjunto de testes empíricos e observações informais de séries de dados de mercado, identificar peculiaridades que possam invalidar a implementação no Brasil de modelos desenvolvidos no contexto internacional. Dados os aspectos característicos do mercado doméstico evidenciados nos estudos, foram apresentados modelos explicativos tanto para a formação das taxas prefixadas de período quanto para a determinação da remuneração de operações financeiras indexadas à taxa referencial TR. / The solution to most of the problems facing financial managers requires prior identification of the cost of money for different maturities and risks. This paper aims, in its overall content, to examine the Brazilian currency yield curve’s properties and its supporting role in financial analysis. With no intention of exhausting any of the tackled subjects, the Real risk-free term structure was defined and a set of empirical tests performed to identify, with the support of additional data observation, local market’s peculiarities that might prevent international models from being accurately applied in Brazil. Given the domestic market’s distinguishing features emphasized in the studies, models were proposed to explain how short term interest rates are determined in the marketplace for derivatives, and to allow the pricing of financial instruments indexed to the so called TR benchmark (Taxa Referencial).

Esta dissertação trata do nascimento e evolução do Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS), seu momento histórico, sua evolução, o tratamento constitucional dado ao instituto na Constituição de 1988 e a sua efetividade através da lei 8.036/90. Analisa o tema da proteção do trabalho, demissão sem justa causa, no mundo contemporâneo, com passagens por vários países dentro de um contexto de plena globalização. A proteção do emprego no Brasil como conhecemos, através de um Fundo com natureza jurídica híbrida, com função de direito social do trabalhador no momento de sua despedida e a aplicação dos recursos das contas vinculadas em programas habitacionais, de saneamento ambiental e infraestrutura tornam o FGTS um Fundo de natureza única no mundo todo. Os investimentos realizados com recursos do FGTS são imprescindíveis para o desenvolvimento da economia brasileira, com reflexos diretos na geração de empregos e na melhoria do bem estar social, não só dos trabalhadores filiados ao sistema FGTS, mas a toda população brasileira. A Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 5090/DF trata da inconstitucionalidade do índice de correção do FGTS, a Taxa Referencial (TR), informando que o índice não é apto a representar o fenômeno inflacionário e por isso deve ser considerada sua inconstitucionalidade, por ferir o direito de propriedade (art.5º, XXII, CF), a moralidade administrativa (art. 37, X) e o próprio Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (art. 7º, III). A proposta legislativa que encerra o trabalho deve levar em consideração a natureza jurídica polivalente do FGTS, atendendo tanto quanto possível aos interesses dos cotistas do Fundo e ao mesmo tempo os tomadores de empréstimos com recursos do FGTS, não quebrando o equilíbrio econômico financeiro do Fundo. / This dissertation deals with Guarantee Fund for Time of Service (FGTS) origin and evolution, its historical moment, the treatment conferred by Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the effectiveness provided by the law 8.036/90. It analyses employment protection, unjustified resignation on the contemporary world, according the law of many countries inserted in the context of globalization. Brazilian employment protection policy by means of a hybrid juridical nature fund, the function as laid off worker\'s social right, and investment in housing programs, environmental sanitation and infrastructure projects make FGTS a fund with unique characteristics. FGTS resources investments are indispensable to Brazilian economy development, resulting in job creation and welfare improvement for whole Brazilian population. The Direct Action of Unconstitutionality 5090/DF deals with unconstitutionality of FGTS correction index, called \"referential tax\" (TR), alleging the unfitness of this index in representing the inflationary phenomenon as cause to declare its unconstitutionality, in reason of disagreement with property right (art. 5º, XXIII, CF), administrative morality (art. 37, X), and the Guarantee Fund for Time of Service itself (art. 7º, III). The legislative proposal at the end of this dissertation considers the polyvalent juridical nature of FGTS, attending the interests of fund quotaholders and FGTS resources borrowers, and preserving its economic-financial balance.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-07-01T21:39:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 471592 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 10525571 bytes, checksum: 3dfa1e49490930c6ae6c463a0623a5e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T21:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 471592 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 10525571 bytes, checksum: 3dfa1e49490930c6ae6c463a0623a5e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-30 / This work was developed during the Criminal Sciences Master's Degree undertaken at the Graduate Program in Criminal Sciences of the Law Faculty at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, and it is linked to the Criminal Violence System concentration area and to the Contemporary Criminal Legal Systems research line. The study carried out here aimed to analyze the right one has to not produce evidence against himself and its application in drunk driving evidence. In the first chapter, aspects of criminal policy related to traffic violence are addressed, emphasizing the drunken driving offense, as well as the failure of the criminal law as means of control for the problems in today's society, such as the numerous cases of dead and wounded people on the Brazilian streets and roads. In a second step, the study goes through the provided items of proof in Art. 306 Brazilian Traffic Code ? drunk driving, as per the drafting given by the Law 12,760 / 2012, ascertaining from the general concept of evidence, through its features; the dependence or not of the accuser?s cooperation for their production, the necessity of intervention from ?corporal?, to finally analyze in detail the means of proof for the drunken driving offense configuration. The third and final chapter analyzes the principle of nemo tenetur se detegere, its origin and reception in the legal system, as a fundamental right, including the consideration of the unconstitutionality of evidence for the drunkennessconfirmation, based on the prevalent application of the nemo tenetur se detegere principle. / A presente disserta??o foi desenvolvida durante o curso de Mestrado realizado junto ao Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Criminais da Faculdade de Direito da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, e vincula-se ? ?rea de Concentra??o: Sistema Penal e Viol?ncia e ? Linha de Pesquisa: Sistemas Jur?dicos Penais Contempor?neos. O estudo aqui realizado visa analisar o direito a n?o produzir prova contra si mesmo e sua aplica??o aos meios de prova do delito de embriaguez ao volante. No primeiro cap?tulo, s?o abordados aspectos da pol?tica criminal relacionados ? viol?ncia no tr?nsito, com ?nfase no delito de embriaguez ao volante, bem como a fal?ncia do direito penal como meio de controle para os graves problemas existentes na sociedade atual, como ? o caso da legi?o de mortos e feridos nas ruas e estradas brasileiras. Em um segundo momento, o trabalho perpassa pelos meios probat?rios previstos nos par?grafos do Art. 306 do C?digo de Tr?nsito Brasileiro ? embriaguez ao volante, conforme a reda??o que lhe deu a Lei 12.760/2012, apreciando, desde o conceito geral das provas, passando por suas caracter?sticas; depend?ncia ou n?o da coopera??o do acusado para sua produ??o, necessidade de interven??o corporal para, por fim, analisar detalhadamente os meios probat?rios necess?rios ? configura??o do delito de embriaguez ao volante.No terceiro e ?ltimo cap?tulo, ? analisado o princ?pio do nemo tenetur se detegere, sua origem e recep??o no ordenamento jur?dico, como direito fundamental, incluindo o exame da inconstitucionalidade dos meios de prova para constata??o da embriaguez, fundamentada na aplica??o prevalente do princ?pio do nemo tenetur se detegere.

As lesões tendíneas são uma das mais comuns que ocorrem nos esportes, sua freqüência é de 10 a 55% de todas as lesões ocorridas. A cabeça medial do músculo gastrocnêmio (GCm) é constituído por duas regiões bem distintas: uma região profunda \"vermelha\" e uma região superficial \"branca\". Dada essa característica de distribuição dos tipos de fibras, torna-se possível determinar se, no mesmo músculo, a tenotomia afeta as fibras de maneira diferente, dependendo do tipo de fibra predominante em cada região. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da tenotomia e tenorrafia experimental na GCm. Foram usados 38 ratos Wistar machos pesando aproximadamente 300 g divididos em três grupos: Controle (C), Tenotomizado (T) e Tenorrafiado (R), avaliados aos 14 e 21 dias pós-cirurgia. Os animais foram mantidos sob as mesmas condições de alojamento, alimentação, temperatura umidade e luz. No grupo T, o tendão calcâneo do membro pélvico esquerdo foi dissecado e seccionado transversalmente no terço médio. No grupo R, este mesmo tendão foi imediatamente submetido à sutura de Kessler modificada após a tenotomia. Foram realizadas seções de 10 µm de espessura em criostato e, em seguida, estas secções foram submetidas às técnicas da hematoxilina e eosina, picro-sirius, NADH-tr e para análise em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão A significância estatística das diferenças inter-grupos foi determinada pela análise de variância, (ANOVA) e foi aceito p <0,05. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos C, T e R. Observou-se uma grande variação no tamanho e formato das fibras musculares e, ainda, uma desorientação e degeneração das miofibrilas e desorganização dos sarcômeros nos animais do grupo T. Ambos os grupos, T e R, apresentaram diminuição da área de secção transversa e comprimento da GCm. / Tendon injuries are one of the most commonly occurring in sports, its frequency is 10 to 55% of all injuries. The medial head of gastrocnemius muscle (GCm) consists of two clearly distinct regions: a deep region \"red\" and, a superficial region \"white\". Because of that characteristic distribution of fiber types, it becomes possible to determine if the same muscle tenotomy affects differently, depending on the predominant fiber type in each region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of experimental tenotomy and tenorrhaphy on GCm. We used 38 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 300 g divided into three groups: control (C), tenotomized (T) and Tenorraphized (R). They were evaluated at 14 and 21 days after the surgery. Animals were kept under the same conditions of accommodation, feeding, temperature, humidity and light. In T group, calcaneal tendon of the left pelvic limb was dissected and sectioned in the middle third. In R group, the same tendon was immediately submmitted to the modified Kessler suture after tenotomy. Sections were performed in 10 µm thick in a cryostat and they were then stained according to hematoxylin and eosin, Picrosirius, NADH-tr methods and they were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The statistical significance of inter-group differences was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and was accepted p<0.05. Significant differences were found between C, T and R groups. There was a wide variation in size and shape of muscle fibers and also a disorientation and degeneration of myofibrils and disorganization of sarcomeres in T group. Both T and R groups showed a decrease in cross-sectional area and length of the GCm.