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Submitted by Daniel Modenesi de Andrade (danielmodenesi@gmail.com) on 2017-11-23T12:03:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_Daniel__Thesis_Library.pdf: 1197986 bytes, checksum: 31ab3152597e1ec174119028502264c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-11-27T19:15:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_Daniel__Thesis_Library.pdf: 1197986 bytes, checksum: 31ab3152597e1ec174119028502264c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-29T14:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_Daniel__Thesis_Library.pdf: 1197986 bytes, checksum: 31ab3152597e1ec174119028502264c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 / This dissertation reports empirical evidence on the impact of planning and monitoring (feedback) on performance/deviation, failure to achieve the goal, and overconfidence. One hundred and eighty-six proprietary day traders participated in an experiment, where they were exposed to interventions before starting trading. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups: planning, feedback, a combination of both interventions, and a control group. The treatment phase lasted one week, constituting a mixed design. The main findings are: a) only the monitoring process can be used as a self-control mechanism oriented to goal achievement, But in situations where traders keep tracking their performances without associate it to a goal, they are sensitive to unfavorable outcomes; b) planning the gain target for the day was not a successful strategy neither toward goal achievement nor to performance; c) traders who use the past day return as a forecasting source became more overconfident in reaching the weekly income.

This study examined how isiXhosa-speaking women street traders in Cape Town's Langa Township exercised agency in responding to similar structural constraints and opportunities that affected their livelihoods. Drawing on Giddens's Structuration Theory and Sen's Capabilities Approach, I unpacked and conceptualised agency as five dimensions (reflexivity, motivation, rationality, purposive action and transformative capacity). This analytical framework was then used to assess the ways in which women from a poor township community exercised their agency as street traders. A case study methodology (n=25) was adopted using participant observation and in-depth interviews. Miles and Huberman's thematic coding approach guided the qualitative analysis. The study found that structurally imposed constraints were rooted in class, multiple sources of power dynamics, and material constraints related to health; while opportunities emanated from market mechanisms of supply and demand, community social support systems in the form of social capital and social networks, family support and statutory social welfare programmes. Other key findings included resistance to patriarchy, cultural norms and practices, such as submission to abusive partners and unreasonable demands from extended family members. The findings report structure and agency as mutually constitutive in so far as familial circumstances, previous work experience, social capital, educational achievements and temporality either reinforced or diminished the participants' agency. Three profiles of agency among the women traders emerged from the data. The profiles demonstrated varying degrees of enablement (most enabled, moderately enabled and least enabled) and that individual agency was a distinguishing factor. Reflexivity, as a dimension of agency, presented as more fluid and malleable than the other four dimensions. The findings show that agency is reasonably elastic and it can expand capabilities and opportunities for enablement. Finally, the study proposed a diagnostic tool for assessing and enhancing agency with potential applications in entrepreneurial training for development. My study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the concept of agency, the role it plays in development at a micro-level and criteria for assessment. Furthermore, lessons learnt from the profiles can be applied to development practice and entrepreneurial training among African women traders.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Street trading is a highly contested activity in South Africa because of the different interests held by the government, other stakeholders and street traders. The contradictory nature of the relationship between government and street traders has led to exclusionary policies and practices put in place by the government to regulate street trading. These exclusionary practices have negative effects on the livelihoods of street traders. Female traders are more vulnerable and at greater risk than their male counterparts. Organised labour movements have largely focused on formal sector workers, leaving the rights of informal workers largely unregulated. In recent years there has been an emergence of informal sector organisations seeking to protect the interests of street traders and influence informal trading policy. Although seldom researched, a number of informal sector organisations have emerged in South African cities. / 2023

This research project is a quantitative enquiry focused specifically on the value consumption of digital business platforms (DBP's) in relation to how informal sector traders (IST's) are using them to buy, sell and market their product and services in their daily trade functions. This study has adopted the approach of classifying the social media platforms, internet banking platforms and mobile payments platforms, as a single collective and defined under the banner of Digital Business Platforms. The advantage to this approach, is that it provides a multi-dimensional view of the perceived value-axis based on positive and negative experiences of using a variety of digital platforms including messaging, payments, and banking applications on their mobile phones in their daily trading functions. This study examines the positive experiences of perceived value (PV), collectively in the form of social value (SV), emotional value (EV) and functional value (FV). On the opposite end of the value spectrum, are the negative experiences of perceived risk in the form of price risk (PR) and technical barriers (TB) for the same group of informal sector traders. Understanding the relational impacts of these positive and negative experiences of value consumption, may lead to an understanding of their influence in the perceived usefulness (PU) and the perceived ease of use (PEoU) of DBP's. The results of these relationships will shed some light towards the behavioural intention (BI) to adopt DBP's and their actual usage in the long term. The analysis yielded the following results: for positive experiences, emotional value had the least impact on both perceived ease of use and usefulness and functional value was higher than social value. This means that IST's place more value on the utility of DBP's, than the emotional and social values. Regarding the negative experiences, price risk had the most significant impact on the willingness to adopt DBP's by ISTs.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago_Borges_Ramalho.pdf: 1079128 bytes, checksum: de1270f3b50f5b1daf3cadce2353d803 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / The premise of unbounded rationality advocated by the Efficient Market Hypothesis is challenged by the theoretical framework that involves the Behavioral Finance, whose basis, the Prospect Theory by Kahneman and Tversky (1979), questions the Expected Utility Theory, an important element of Neoclassical Economics as basis for decision making. This research aims to replicate the empirical investigation of the seminal article by Kahneman and Tversky (1979) to evaluate the decision-making process of employees (potential investors) of a major national financial institution. The results of this study were compared to those obtained in the original article and the studies led by C??rtes (2008), Cruz, Kimura and Krauter (2003), Rogers et al. (2007), Rogers, Favato and Securato (2008), and Torralvo (2010). The questionnaire adopted was an adaptation of the originally used, so that one could test, in studied sample, the applicability of Prospect Theory, more specifically with regard to Certain, Reflection and Isolation Effects. I also analyzed the differences in the decision making process considering the attributes of the respondents (gender, age, education, occupation, income and financial dependents). The results confirmed the existence of behavioral effects and proved that a large portion of the sample presented significant inconsistency in their choices according to the principles of the Expected Utility Theory, pointing that their decisions were not made under strictly rational behavior. Furthermore, in relation to violations observed, it was not possible to present significant conclusions in concern to the attributes by using regression analysis, suggesting the need of further studies / A premissa de racionalidade ilimitada preconizada pela Hip??tese dos Mercados Eficientes ?? contestada como ferramenta para tomada de decis??es pelo arcabou??o te??rico que envolve as Finan??as Comportamentais, cuja base, a Teoria da Perspectiva de Kahneman e Tversky (1979), questiona o que prediz a Teoria da Utilidade Esperada, importante elemento da Economia Neocl??ssica. A presente pesquisa objetiva replicar a investiga????o emp??rica do artigo seminal de Kahneman e Tversky (1979) para avaliar o processo decis??rio de funcion??rios (potenciais investidores) de uma importante institui????o financeira nacional. Os resultados deste estudo foram comparados aos obtidos no trabalho original e nas pesquisas realizadas por C??rtes (2008), Cruz, Kimura e Krauter (2003), Rogers et al. (2007), Rogers, Favato e Securato (2008) e Torralvo (2010). O question??rio adotado foi uma adapta????o do originalmente utilizado, para que se pudesse testar, na amostra estudada, a aplicabilidade da Teoria da Perspectiva, mais especificamente no que diz respeito aos Efeitos Certeza, Reflex??o e Isolamento. Foram analisadas, ainda, as diferen??as no comportamento frente ?? tomada de decis??es considerando os perfis demogr??ficos dos respondentes (g??nero, idade, forma????o, ocupa????o, renda e dependentes financeiros). Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a presen??a dos efeitos e comprovaram que uma grande parcela do p??blico amostral apresentou efetiva inconsist??ncia em suas escolhas segundo os fundamentos da Teoria da Utilidade Esperada, o que indica que suas decis??es n??o foram tomadas de forma estritamente racional. Al??m disso, em rela????o ??s viola????es observadas, n??o foi poss??vel apresentar conclus??es quanto ??s diferen??as entre os perfis demogr??ficos estudados por meio do modelo econom??trico proposto, apontando a necessidade da realiza????o de novos estudos

De 1154 à 1453, Bordeaux se trouve sous l’obédience du roi d’Angleterre.L’ouverture du marché anglais favorise le développement d’un vignoble à vocation commerciale autour de la ville. De nombreux travaux sont consacrés à cette période faste du vignoble et du commerce du vin bordelais. En revanche, la situation du vignoble au lendemain de la fin de la guerre de Cent Ans (après la prise de Bordeaux par Charles VII en 1453) est très souvent restée dans l’ombre.Ce travail propose donc d’étudier les caractéristiques et les dynamiques du vignoble bordelais dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle, après les crises de la fin du Moyen Âge. En raison de la nature des sources employées, l’approche adoptée est celle du point de vue des Bordelais sur le vignoble, ce qui permet d’analyser l’emprise urbaine sur les vignes des alentours. Nous verrons comment les stratégies foncières et économiques des élites urbaines, essentiellement composées de marchands, influencent l’évolution du vignoble bordelais après la guerre de Cent Ans. / From 1154 to 1453, Bordeaux is under the king of England's obedience. The opening of the English trade promotes the development of a turned-for-business vineyard around the town. Several researches are devoted to this lucky time for vineyardand Bordeaux wine trading. In return the state of the vineyard shortly after the end of the Hundred Years War (after the taking of Bordeaux by Charles VII in 1453) is very often remained in the background.Therefore this work purposes to study the Bordeaux vineyard characteristics and dynamics in the second half of the XVth century after the crisis of the end of the MidlleAges. On account of the nature of the used documents, the adopted approach is theBordeaux point of view about the vineyard, and this allows an analysis of the urbangrasp on the surrounding vineyards. We will see how the land and economic strategiesof the urban elites, mainly composed by merchants, influence the development of theBordeaux vineyard after the Hundred Years War.

Abstract The central concern of this study is the nature of informal economic activities among urban traders in Harare, Zimbabwe. The study focuses on a particular flea market and describes the precarious lives of a sample of informal traders. It is shown that, as through much of Africa, the market is a social as well as an economic nexus. It is not only the site of economic production and exchange constituting the survivalist activities that are increasingly important in the collapsing Zimbabwe economy, but also the site of diverse social relations. The thesis also shows that the formal and informal are part of the same deeply segmented economy and not two distinct, separate economies. The extended case study method is used to describe and analyse the nature of informal trading activities among traders dealing in four types of goods commonly found at the flea market: clothes and shoes, DVDs and video games, arts and crafts, and second-hand books. Primary and secondary sources, interviews with policy experts, researchers and activists, a total of 70 semi-structured interviews with traders and participant observation, over a period of one and a half years were used to obtain data on the nature of the informal economy in the current Zimbabwe crisis, and to profile these traders. The thesis describes the daily lives of the traders, their social characteristics and work histories, and the social relations of trust and reciprocity which enable them to source their goods. It is shown that the majority of the traders live an extremely precarious existence marked by low, unstable incomes. However, they should not be viewed as passive victims of the economic crisis, as they demonstrate qualities of resourcefulness and innovation. Nor are they totally excluded from global circuits of production and exchange. Global connections are identified and shown to be relevant to the sourcing and sale of goods. These connections suggest an alternative way of conceptualising globalisation.

A tese analisa os conflitos inerentes ao exercício do poder na capitania/província de São Paulo partindo do estudo de sua estrutura político-administrativa e relacionando-a às transformações sócio-econômicas e à forma como membros de grupos de poder locais buscaram influenciar a governança entre 1765, quando da reorganização da capitania como unidade administrativa autônoma, e 1822, depois da instituição do Governo Provisório reconhecido pelas Cortes Constitucionais da Nação Portuguesa e pelo então príncipe regente D. Pedro. A análise do movimento de injunção entre interesses públicos e privados na São Paulo do período baseia-se em fontes relativas ao sistema de arrematações das rendas reais e de sua relação com a concessão de altas patentes militares, demonstrando a impossibilidade de separar as relações político-administrativas estabelecidas entre os governantes nomeados para São Paulo e os interesses de grupos ligados à produção e ao comércio local. Por outro lado, ressalta-se a plena integração desta capitania às políticas de desenvolvimento do Império português implantadas pela Coroa, o que permite melhor compreender o espaço político e o poder econômico alcançado pelos paulistas durante as primeiras décadas do século XIX, quando da instalação do Império brasileiro. / The thesis analyses the conflicts inherent to the exercise of political power in the captaincy/province of São Paulo considering the study of its politic-administrative structure and relating it to the socio-economic transformations and to the way that the members of local power groups tried to influence the governance between 1765, when the captaincy was reorganized as an autonomic administrative unit, and 1822, after the Provisory Government was instituted and recognized by the Constitutional Courts of the Portuguese Nation and by the regent prince D. Pedro. The analysis of the conjoining movement between public and private interests in São Paulo at that period is based on sources related to the system in which they bid for royal income, receiving the right to collect the taxes, and its relation to the high-ranking military positions concessions, demonstrating the impossibility to separate the political-administrative relations established between the appointed governors of São Paulo and the interests of the groups related to the local production and commerce. On the other hand, the full integration of this captaincy to the developmental politics of the Portuguese Empire implanted by the Crown is pointed out, what allows a better comprehension of the public space and the economic power reached by the paulistas during the first decades of the 19th century, when the installation of the Brazilian Empire occurred.

A tese analisa os conflitos inerentes ao exercício do poder na capitania/província de São Paulo partindo do estudo de sua estrutura político-administrativa e relacionando-a às transformações sócio-econômicas e à forma como membros de grupos de poder locais buscaram influenciar a governança entre 1765, quando da reorganização da capitania como unidade administrativa autônoma, e 1822, depois da instituição do Governo Provisório reconhecido pelas Cortes Constitucionais da Nação Portuguesa e pelo então príncipe regente D. Pedro. A análise do movimento de injunção entre interesses públicos e privados na São Paulo do período baseia-se em fontes relativas ao sistema de arrematações das rendas reais e de sua relação com a concessão de altas patentes militares, demonstrando a impossibilidade de separar as relações político-administrativas estabelecidas entre os governantes nomeados para São Paulo e os interesses de grupos ligados à produção e ao comércio local. Por outro lado, ressalta-se a plena integração desta capitania às políticas de desenvolvimento do Império português implantadas pela Coroa, o que permite melhor compreender o espaço político e o poder econômico alcançado pelos paulistas durante as primeiras décadas do século XIX, quando da instalação do Império brasileiro. / The thesis analyses the conflicts inherent to the exercise of political power in the captaincy/province of São Paulo considering the study of its politic-administrative structure and relating it to the socio-economic transformations and to the way that the members of local power groups tried to influence the governance between 1765, when the captaincy was reorganized as an autonomic administrative unit, and 1822, after the Provisory Government was instituted and recognized by the Constitutional Courts of the Portuguese Nation and by the regent prince D. Pedro. The analysis of the conjoining movement between public and private interests in São Paulo at that period is based on sources related to the system in which they bid for royal income, receiving the right to collect the taxes, and its relation to the high-ranking military positions concessions, demonstrating the impossibility to separate the political-administrative relations established between the appointed governors of São Paulo and the interests of the groups related to the local production and commerce. On the other hand, the full integration of this captaincy to the developmental politics of the Portuguese Empire implanted by the Crown is pointed out, what allows a better comprehension of the public space and the economic power reached by the paulistas during the first decades of the 19th century, when the installation of the Brazilian Empire occurred.