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The dissertation deals with non-motorized transport. Specifically, it focuses directly on the new non-motorized traffic sector, which is the riders of roller skates. Title of the dissertation The rules for designing roads for skaters were selected from the point of view of unresolved issues. The main goal of the dissertation is to enable the legislative inclusion of skaters as a separate group into the transport hierarchy so that they can gain space for their movement in the transport area. The result should be primarily a reduction in accidents and an increase in road safety for non-motorized vehicles. Other objectives of the thesis include the creation of design parameter tables for methodological instructions based on the analysis of the data obtained by measuring and determining the critical traffic intensity on existing roads. The dissertation summarizes the current issue of non-motorized transport, but especially the issue of skaters transport. It assesses the situation in the Czech Republic compared to the conditions abroad. It explains the physical patterns of the skater's movements, based on which the spatial demands on the used transport space are derived. The following is an overview of selected methods dealing with measurement and evaluation of transport speeds and intensities. Depending on the values found, rules are then created for designing the basic parameters of the skateboard trail network, which includes, for example, traffic sign design and construction requirements.

Det finns olika variationer av vägledningshjälpmedel som hjälper spelaren att navigera sig i en 3D-omgivning. I denna kvalitativa studie kommer det undersökas hur spår, ljud och markeringar som vägledningshjälpmedel kan stödja en spelare i en 3D-labyrint. Genom att undersöka de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen skapades en prototyp där de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen separerades i tre olika labyrinter. Respondenterna som deltog i studien spelade igenom de tre labyrinterna med och utan vägledningshjälpmedel för att kunna undersöka hur de stödjer respondenterna under spelsessionen. Data samlades in med hjälp av stimulated recall metoden och semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Insamlad data analyserades med hjälp av Empirisk fenomenologisk psykologi (EPP) metoden. Resultatet som uppstod från analysen presenterade respondenternas individuella upplevelse samt de fyra övergripande teman som sammanställdes från data. Sammanfattningsvis indikerade resultaten att spåret var den optimalaste vägledningshjälpmedlet, däremot delade både ljud och markeringar samma egenskaper som vägledningsshjälpmedel. Dessutom bildade respondenterna spatialt minne med hjälp av unika landmärken, samt utgick respondenterna från egna vägledningsstrategier när de tre hjälpmedlen inte var tillgängliga. / There are different types of wayfinding aids that help the player navigate through a 3D environment. This qualitative study investigates how breadcrumb trails, sounds, and markers as wayfinding aids can support a player in a 3D maze. First, the researchers created a prototype to examine the three wayfinding aids and placed them into three different mazes. Then, the respondents who participated in the study played through those three mazes with and without wayfinding aids to investigate how they supported the respondents during the game session. Next, data were collected using the stimulated recall method and semi-structured interviews. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the Empirical phenomenological psychology (EPP) method. The results that occurred from the analysis showed the respondent's individual experiences and the four overall themes that emerged from the data. In summary, the results indicated that breadcrumb trails were the most optimal wayfinding aid. However, both sound and markers shared the same characteristics as wayfinding aids. In addition, the respondents developed spatial memory with the help of unique landmarks and used other wayfinding strategies when the wayfinding aids were unavailable.

Designing winter cities after the conditions of the winter weather entails unique challenges that require urban planning that is adapted to the specific conditions. One challenge is enabling transportation and accessibility despite heavy snowfall and slippery road surfaces. Understanding these challenges that may arise during the planning and designing of winter cities is crucial for achieving sustainable urban development. As the population increases and climate changes become increasingly unpredictable, winter cities must be planned to optimize land use and create comfortable living spaces. This is essential for preserving important values of nature and cultural values, as well as creating livable environments regardless of the climate. The purpose of this study is to compile and map the challenges of designing winter cities and identify strategies and solutions for sustainable urban planning in cold climates. Through a literature review as a method, a thematization of research and studies in the subject area was compiled and conducted. The thematization resulted in three main themes: Urban design and layout, Operations and maintenance, and Transportation and street space. Thus, the results consist of these themes and associated subheading for each theme. The study shows that winter cities must actively consider multiple aspects, including the need for microclimates, efficient snow clearing, prioritization of soft mobility, and innovative alternatives such as winter trails. Weighing different interests against and considering both practical and aesthetic aspects is crucial in the planning process. The study also highlights the importance of managing conflicts between different modes of transportation and the potential role of winter trails in promoting sustainable mobility. The study suggests exploring alternative solutions for winter trails and how snow management can be made more efficient through further research. This way, urban planners can create sustainable and inviting winter cities for both residents and visitors / Utformningen av vinterstäder efter vinterförhållanden medför unika utmaningar som kräver en stadsplanering som är väl anpassad till de specifika förutsättningarna. En utmaning är att möjliggöra transport och tillgänglighet trots stora snömängder och halt underlag. Förståelsen kring utmaningar som kan uppkomma vid planering och utformning av vinterstäder är avgörande för att uppnå en hållbar stadsutveckling. I takt med att befolkningen ökar och klimatförändringar blir alltmer oförutsägbara måste vinterstäder planeras för effektivisering av markanvändning och behaglig livsmiljö. Detta är viktigt för att bevara värdefulla natur-och kulturvärden, men även för att skapa miljöer som går att bo på oavsett klimat. Syftet med denna studie är att sammanställa och kartlägga utmaningarna med att utforma vinterstäder och identifiera möjliga strategier och lösningar för hållbar stadsplanering i kallt klimat. Genom en litteraturöversikt som metod sammanställdes och utfördes en tematisering av forskning och studier inom ämnesområdet. Tematiseringen mynnade ut i tre huvudteman; Urban design och utformning, Drift och underhåll och Transport och gaturum. Således utgörs resultatet av dessa teman samt tillhörande underrubriker för respektive tema. Studien visar att vinterstäder aktivt måste beakta flera aspekter, bland annat behovet av mikroklimat, effektiv snöröjning, prioritering av mjuk mobilitet samt nytänkande alternativ såsom vinterleder. Att väga olika intressen mot varandra och samtidigt beakta både praktiska och estetiska aspekter är avgörande i planeringsprocessen. Studien framhäver också vikten av att hantera konflikter mellan olika transportmedel samt rollen som vinterleder skulle kunna spela för att främja hållbar mobilitet. Studien föreslår att man utforskar alternativa lösningar för vinterleder samt hur snöhanteringen skulle kunna effektiviseras, detta genom vidare forskning. På så sätt kan stadsplanerare skapa hållbara och inbjudande vinterstäder för både boende och besökare.

Bicycling is a method of tourism transportation that is healthy, non-invasive, environmentally responsible, and economically sustainable. It allows freedom, mobility, and sightseeing potential that is not made possible by other modes of transit. Thousands of bicycle tourists travel from all over the globe annually to explore California on touring bikes via established cycling routes and robust determination. Thousands of additional domestic and international visitors take weekend trips, plan family vacations, travel for business, or tour California from abroad, many of whom are excellent candidates for local and regional bicycle touring at a more gentle intensity level. The increasing popularity and prominence of bicycle tourism, among both domestic and international travelers, carries great potential for economic benefit to local communities. Rural and agricultural communities can particularly benefit from bicycle tourism, as these communities do not normally experience the benefits of tourism as significantly as their urban, coastal or mountainous neighbors. Tourism that is developed in accordance with the size, scale, constraints and character of a particular community can have a beneficial effect on the economics and industry of the area. Infrastructure projects to this effect, such as development of a town or regional trail system, wayfinding features, or other resources come with benefits for visitors and locals in the form of recreation, public health, mobility, and access to food, drink, amenities, scenic areas, jobs and commerce. Trails may further improve the economy of the local housing market, as proximity to trails has a positive effect on housing values. Incorporation of agricultural destinations into local tourism planning creates a draw for visitors and can become a mutually beneficial relationship – contributing to the economic stability of the agriculture industry, preserving local farm lands, increasing tourism revenue and educating the public on the importance of local farming. Through careful planning of the touristic components of the destination, rural communities can achieve multifaceted economic benefits of diverse and versatile tourism amenities.

Denna studie är en kandidatuppsats inom området Informationsdesign med fokus på rumslig gestaltning. Arbetet syftar till att undersöka hur man kan underlätta den självständiga navigeringen i vår offentliga miljö för personer med synnedsättning. Hur man kan skapa en tryggare miljö genom informationsdesign i form av taktil wayshowing och färgkodning.  Att självständigt förflytta och röra oss i vår offentliga miljö ser de flesta som en självklarhet. Att sätta sig på tåget, tunnelbanan, eller bussen på väg till jobbet eller skolan, till vänner eller familj, eller bara göra en spontan resa dit du aldrig tidigare åkt inte är något hinder. Denna frihet skapar en gemenskap och tillhörighet i samhället som vi inte reflekterar nämnvärt över. Det finns dock personer som inte känner samma inkludering och trygghet i att göra samma typer av resor som du och jag – bland annat personer med synnedsättning. I dagsläget uppnår denna målgrupp ca 1% av Sveriges befolkning. Här finns dock ett mörkertal, men det är ungefär 100 000 personer som är inskrivna på syncentralen i dagsläget.Urbaniseringen och de växande städerna runt om i världen bidrar till den ekonomiska tillväxten, men även till sociala klyftor. Enligt FN:s hållbarhetsmål nr 11 - Hållbara städer och samhällen, så strävar man efter hållbar stadsutveckling för att skapa en trygg och inkluderande miljö – även för personer med funktionsnedsättningar. I Sverige har vi en arkitekturpolicy, som regeringen tagit fram. Den säger att vår offentliga miljö skall vara anpassad och utformad efter våra behov oavsett funktionsnedsättning och kognitiva förmåga. / This study is a bachelor thesis in the field of Information design with focus on spatial design. The work aims to investigate how to facilitate the independent navigation in our public environment for people with visual impairment. How to create a safer environment through information design in the form of tactile way showing and color coding.Most people take it for granted to move and move independently in our public environment. Getting on the train, subway, or bus on the way to work or school, to friends or family, or just making a spontaneous trip where you have never travel before is no obstacle. This freedom creates a community and belonging in society that we do not reflect significantly on. However, there are people who do not feel the same inclusion and security in making the same types of trips as you and me – people with visual impairment. At present, this target group reaches about 1% of Sweden's population. However, there is a dark figure here, but there are approximately 100,000 people who are currently registered at the vision center. Urbanization and the growing cities around the world contribute to economic growth, but also to social gaps. According to UN Sustainability Goal No. 11 – Sustainable cities and communities, sustainable urban development is strived to create a safe and inclusive environment – even for people with disabilities. In Sweden, we have an architecture policy that the government has developed. It says that our public environment must be adapted and designed according to our needs, regardless of disability and cognitive ability.

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xv, 298 p. ; ill. (chiefly col.), maps (chiefly col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: AAA F868.Y6 G47 2004 / This study describes existing conditions, evaluates significance and historic integrity, and recommends treatment strategies to preserve historic elements of the Nevada Fall Corridor cultural landscape in Yosemite National Park. It reports findings from field investigation that examined and inventoried landscape features such as stone retaining walls, treadway material, bridges and causeways, and water features on both current-use and abandoned trail segments. The site was examined numerous times over a three-month period, with a followup visit one year later. Libraries and other archives were consulted for written and photographic historic documentation, which were analyzed against current conditions. The process also involved review of comparison documents as well as national guidelines set forth by the National Park Service. / Adviser: Melnick, Robert Z.