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Common problems and characteristics of sites affected by the mining are land occupation, pollution, land degradation, hydrologic changes and landscape change what belong to the major environmental problems in many countries. Despite the regulation prescribed by the Mining Act which brought significant progress in post mining land reclamation, emphasise mostly in recovery of production capability of landscape, many recent studies state it may not be so effective in restoration of diversity and ecosystem services. In order to properly assess newer approaches in spoil heaps recultivation our research is focused on the restoration of species rich meadows using near-nature methods, specifically the transfer of turves and seeds-containing hay transfer supported by management (mowing and mowing with mulching). Additionally, the research is focused on influence of the plot size on restoration success and on effect of management on soil development. Both of the applied near-nature methods of species rich meadow recultivation are effective in species provisioning and thus succession acceleration. More successful is the method of transferred turves where it was possible to establish more than 60% of the species from the donor site. The species richness on sites and its spreading is dependent on implemented...

SAMMANFATTNING   Bakgrund: Tidigare studier visar att patienter påverkas både fysiskt och psykiskt vid överflyttning från en miljö till en annan. Att överflyttas från den specialiserade, högteknologiska intensivvårdsavdelningen till en vårdavdelning kan skapa upplevelser och känslor av stress, oro, ångest, osäkerhet, depression, sömnstörningar, minnesbortfall, mardrömmar med mera. Syfte: Att utforska hur miljöns utformning för vårdandet påverkar patientens välbefinnande efter överflyttning från intensivvårdsavdelning till kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Metod: Syftet besvarades med hjälp av upprepade observationer med informella intervjuer av tre patienter som hade vårdats på en intensivvårdsavdelning och hade överflyttats till en kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Deduktiv innehållsanalys användes och utgick från en tidigare skapad modell av begreppet miljö. Resultat: Patienternas välbefinnande påverkades av miljön efter överflytten till den kirurgiska vårdavdelningen. Resultatet presenteras efter modellens kategorier atmosfär, omvärld, omgivning, medelpunkt och förhållande. Slutsats: Att överflyttas till en lägre vårdnivå som en vårdavdelning är en stor omställning för patienterna både fysiskt och psykiskt. Resultatet stödjer att det finns en kunskapslucka som består av skillnader i miljön, skillnader i sjuksköterskors kompetens och skillnader i kommunikationen mellan intensivvårdsavdelningar och vårdavdelningar. Det är viktigt att tydliga rutiner finns kring hur en intensivvårdspatient ska tas emot och vårdas vid överflyttningen till en vårdavdelning. För att miljöombytet inte ska bli för omfattande för patienten kan överflyttning först ske till en intermediärvårdsavdelning innan vidare överflyttning till en vårdavdelning sker. / ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies showed that patients are affected both physically and mentally when they transferring from one environment to another. To be transferred from the specialized, high-tech intensive care to a ward can create experiences and feelings of stress, worry, anxiety, insecurity, depression, sleep disorders, memory loss, and nightmares with more. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how environmental design for care affects the patient's well-being after transfer from intensive care to the surgical ward. Method: The aim was answered with help from repeated observations with informal interviews with three patients who had been treated in an intensive care unit and had been transferred to a surgical ward. Deductive content analysis was used and was based on a previously created model. Result: The patients' well-being was affected by the environment after transfer to the surgical ward. The results are presented according to the categories atmosphere, entourage, surroundings, midpoint and relationship. Conclusion: Be transferred to a lower level of care as a ward is a big change for the patients both physically and psychologically. The result supports that there is a knowledge gap which consist of differences in the environment, differences in nurses' skills and differences in communication between intensive care units and wards. It is important that there are clear procedures on how an intensive care patient to be received and cared for at the transfer to a ward. To move from one environment to another should not be too extensive for the patient can first be transfer place to an Intermediate Care Facility before further transfer to a ward occurs.

Tungsten carbide-based metal matrix composite coatings are deposited by PTAW (Plasma Transferred Arc Welding) on production critical components in oil sands mining. Homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement particles is desirable for optimal wear resistance in order to reduce unplanned maintenance shutdowns. The homogeneity of the coating can be improved by controlling the heat transfer, solidification rate of the process and the volume fraction of carbide. The degree of settling of the particles in the deposit was quantified using image analysis. The volume fraction of carbide was the most significant factor in obtaining a homogeneous coating. Lowering the current made a modest improvement in homogeneity. Changes made in other operational parameters did not effect significant changes in homogeneity. Infrared thermography was used to measure the temperature of the surface of the deposit during the welding process. The emissivity of the materials was required to acquire true temperature readings. The emissivity of the deposit was measured using laser reflectometry and was found to decrease from 0.8 to 0.2 as the temperature increased from 900C to 1200C. A correction algorithm was applied to calculate the actual temperature of the surface of the deposit. The corrected temperature did increase as the heat input of the weld increased. A one dimensional mathematical model of the settling profile and solidification of the coatings was developed. The model considers convective and radiative heat input from the plasma, the build-up of the deposit, solidification of the deposit and the settling of the WC particles within the deposit. The model had very good agreement with the experimental results of the homogeneity of the carbide as a function of depth. This fundamental model was able to accurately predict the particle homogeneity of an MMC deposited by an extremely complicated process. It was shown that the most important variable leading to a homogeneous coating is to operate at the packing saturation limit of the reinforcement. In the case of the MMC explored, a fully homogeneous coating was obtained with 50 vol% WC in a NiCrBSi matrix. / Materials Engineering

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-09-20T12:07:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 simonepinheiromatos.pdf: 2466232 bytes, checksum: d86112d64d60e2178c9568b8ce1b5b55 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-10-05T12:33:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 simonepinheiromatos.pdf: 2466232 bytes, checksum: d86112d64d60e2178c9568b8ce1b5b55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T12:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simonepinheiromatos.pdf: 2466232 bytes, checksum: d86112d64d60e2178c9568b8ce1b5b55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-13 / - / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado, que discutiu como se dá o processo de inserção e monitoramento dos dados do Censo Escolar nas escolas na rede estadual de Cacoal – RO, busca minimizar as inconsistências no sistema Educacenso, tornando os dados mais próximos à realidade. Para isso, foi preciso acompanhar o processo de inserção de dados nas escolas. O objetivo geral foi analisar o preenchimento e o monitoramento do Educacenso a partir do relatório de alunos transferidos e não admitidos após (alunos que não foram inseridos na segunda etapa do Censo Escolar) em nenhuma modalidade no ano vigente na rede estadual de Cacoal (RO), propondo um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE). O relatório apresenta alunos que pediram transferência e não foram inseridos no sistema Educacenso pela escola de destino, configurando-se, assim, que ficaram evadidos. O embasamento teórico desta pesquisa tem como principal suporte o Caderno de Estudos do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica e sistema Educacenso, ancorandose também em autores que abordam temas como direito de aprendizagens, cultura, organização e gestão escolar, políticas educacionais, sistemas educacionais e controle social. Como metodologia, foi utilizada a pesquisa qualitativa, sendo usados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: análise documental, entrevistas e questionários aplicados aos atores direta e indiretamente ligados ao tema. A pesquisa foi relevante, pois os dados do Censo Escolar são utilizados como ferramenta de planejamento estratégico, responsável pelo banco de dados para formulação e implementação de políticas públicas, pelo repasse financeiro para as escolas e pela organização do sistema de avaliação nacional. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que o referido relatório não apresentava, de forma fidedigna, todos os alunos que ficaram fora da escola em 2016. Tal aspecto tem consequências graves no que se refere à proteção do direito educacional, uma vez que indica possível desconhecimento sobre dados da evasão escolar. A partir desses resultados, propõe-se um Plano de Ação Educacional com ações que buscam minimizar as inconsistências encontradas com a pesquisa. Como foi necessário realizar ações antes da conclusão da pesquisa, diante das peculiaridades do sistema Educacenso, foram apresentadas ações implementadas e a implementar. A pesquisa proporcionou debater temas voltados para o direito de aprendizagem e o papel dos atores dentro da escola, assim como a função de controle social e as ferramentas oferecidas por meio do Censo Escolar. / The present dissertation was developed under the Professional Master's Program of the Postgraduate Program in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The studied management case, which discussed how the process of insertion and monitoring of School Census data in schools in the state network of Cacoal - RO, seeks to minimize the inconsistencies in the educational system, making the data closer to reality. For this, it was necessary to follow the data insertion process in schools. The general objective was to analyze the completion and monitoring of Educacenso from the report of students transferred and not admitted after (students who were not included in the second stage of the School Census) in any modality in the current year in the state network of Cacoal (RO) , proposing an Educational Action Plan (SAP). The report presents students who requested transfer and were not inserted in the Educacenso system by the destination school, thus configuring that they were evaded. The theoretical basis of this research has as main support the Caderno de Estudos do Censo Escolar de Educação Básica and Educacenso system, also anchoring itself in authors that deal with subjects such as learning rights, culture, school organization and management, educational policies, educational systems and social control. As methodology, the qualitative research was used, and the following instruments of data collection were used: documentary analysis, interviews and questionnaires applied to the actors directly and indirectly related to the theme. The research was relevant, since the data of the School Census are used as a strategic planning tool, responsible for the database for formulating and implementing public policies, for the financial transfer to schools and for the organization of the national evaluation system. The survey results showed that this report did not reliably present all out-of-school students in 2016. This has serious consequences for the protection of the right to education, since it indicates possible ignorance about data of school dropout. From these results, it is proposed an Educational Action Plan with actions that seek to minimize the inconsistencies found with the research. As it was necessary to carry out actions before the conclusion of the research, given the peculiarities of the Educacenso system, actions were implemented and implemented. The research provided the opportunity to discuss themes related to the right to learning and the role of the actors within the school, as well as the social control function and the tools offered through the School Census.

Thesis is concerned with transferred competency of municipalities and its financing. There has come through a reform of public administration in the Czech Republic not long ago, which transferred a part of execution of state administration to municipalities. Thesis summarizes legal basis on which this process is realized. It also describes typology of municipalities and the extent of its transferred competence. Main part of this thesis is focused on analysis of transferred competency financing. Object of the thesis is to prove or to disprove an idea that the municipalities have to use their own funds to finance the execution of the state administration.

The mm-wave frequency range is being increasingly researched to close the gap between 100 to 1000 GHz, the least explored region of the electromagnetic spectrum, often termed as the 'THz Gap'. The ever increasing demand for compact, portable and reliable THz (Terahertz) devices and the huge market potential for THz system have led to an enormous amount of research and development in the area for a number of years. The Gunn Diode is expected to play a significant role in the development of low cost solid state oscillators which will form an essential part of these THz systems.Gunn and mixer diodes will 'power' future THz systems. The THz frequencies generation methodology is based on a two-stage module. The initial frequency source is provided by a high frequency Gunn diode and is the main focus of this work. The output from this diode is then coupled into a multiplier module. The multiplier provides higher frequencies by the generation of harmonics of the input signal by means of a non-linear element, such as Schottky diode Varactor. A realistic Schottky diode model developed in SILVACOTM is presented in this work.This thesis describes the work done to develop predictive models for Gunn Diode devices using SILVACOTM. These physically-based simulations provide the opportunity to increase understanding of the effects of changes to the device's physical structure, theoretical concepts and its general operation. Thorough understanding of device physics was achieved to develop a reliable Gunn diode model. The model development included device physical structure building, material properties specification, physical models definition and using appropriate biasing conditions.The initial goal of the work was to develop a 2D model for a Gunn diode commercially manufactured by e2v Technologies Plc. for use in second harmonic mode 77GHz Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems for automobiles. This particular device was chosen as its operation is well understood and a wealth of data is available for validation of the developed physical model. The comparisons of modelled device results with measured results of a manufactured device are discussed in detail. Both the modelled and measured devices yielded similar I-V characteristics and so validated the choice of the physical models selected for the simulations. During the course of this research 2D, 3D rectangular, 3D cylindrical and cylindrical modelled device structures were developed and compared to measured results.The injector doping spike concentration was varied to study its influence on the electric field in the transit region, and was compared with published and measured data.Simulated DC characteristics were also compared with measured results for higher frequency devices. The devices mostly correspond to material previously grown for experimental studies in the development of D-band GaAs Gunn devices. Ambient temperature variations were also included in both simulated and measured data.Transient solutions were used to obtain a time dependent response such as determining the device oscillating frequency under biased condition. These solutions provided modelled device time-domain responses. The time-domain simulations of higher frequency devices which were developed used modelling measured approach are discussed. The studied devices include 77GHz (2nd harmonic), 125 GHz (2nd harmonic) and 100 GHz fundamental devices.During the course of this research, twelve research papers were disseminated. The results obtained have proved that the modelling techniques used, have provided predictive models for novel Transferred Electron Devices (TEDs) operating above 100GHz.

O presente trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento in situ por plasma por arco transferido (PTA) de aluminetos de Níquel resistentes à oxidação, baseados em uma liga NiCrAlC referência. Para tanto, foram depositadas misturas preliminares de pós elementares e também utilizando o pó atomizado, variando somente a intensidade de corrente (130 e 160 A) para se obter diferentes misturas com o substrato. Após as deposições, a incorporação de elementos do substrato nos cordões não permitiu a formação de aluminetos para os revestimentos processados com a mistura de pós elementares. Estes apresentaram valores de diluição consideravelmente maiores do que os cordões obtidos com pó atomizado, que resultaram em aluminetos de Níquel. Com base nos resultados preliminares, quatro novas composições com mistura de pós elementares foram estimadas e os cordões finais, processados com 100 ou 130 A, resultaram em aluminetos como esperado. Duas composições foram submetidas a ensaios em balança termo gravimétrica (TGA) e a ciclos isotérmicos em forno mufla para diferentes temperaturas (máximo de 1000 graus Celsius) e tempos de exposição (até 72 horas no máximo). Os resultados mostraram que a incorporação de Ferro nos revestimentos durante a deposição retardou a formação das camadas de óxidos, sendo que maiores teores deste elemento aceleraram a formação da camada de alumina alfa, o que propiciou uma redução nos valores de constante de oxidação parabólica a 1000 graus Celsius nos estágios iniciais da oxidação. Os revestimentos apresentaram melhores desempenhos à oxidação do que a liga NiAlCrC fundida, traduzido pelo menor ganho de massa. A exposição nas temperaturas de ensaio provocou uma queda de dureza e na evolução ou nucleação de uma provável fase sigma. / This research aimed at the development in situ by plasma transferred arc (PTA) of nickel aluminides resistant to the oxidation, based on a reference NiCrAlC alloy. For this purpose, preliminary mixtures of elemental powders were deposited, and also using the atomized powder, varying the current intensity (130 and 160 A) only to obtain different mixtures with substrate. After the depositions, the incorporation of substrate elements into the welds did not allow the formation of aluminides in the coatings processed with the elemental powder mixture. These coatings presented dilution values considerably higher than those obtained with atomized powder, which result in nickel aluminides. Based on the preliminary results, additional four compositions with elemental powders were estimated and the final welds, processed with 100 or 130 A, were composed by aluminides as expected. Two compositions were submitted to the thermogravimetry tests and isothermal cycles in an oven for different temperatures (1000 Celsius max) and exposure times (for 72 hours at maximum). The results showed that the iron incorporation in the coatings during depositions delayed the oxides scales formation, since higher contents of this element accelerated the formation of -alumina, which promoted a reduction in the parabolic constant of oxidation for 1000 Celsius in the earlier stages of oxidation. The coatings presented better oxidation resistance than that observed for as-cast NiCrAlC, observed by their smaller mass losses. The exposure to the testing temperatures resulted in a decrease of hardness and in the evolution or nucleation of sigma phase.

O presente trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento in situ por plasma por arco transferido (PTA) de aluminetos de Níquel resistentes à oxidação, baseados em uma liga NiCrAlC referência. Para tanto, foram depositadas misturas preliminares de pós elementares e também utilizando o pó atomizado, variando somente a intensidade de corrente (130 e 160 A) para se obter diferentes misturas com o substrato. Após as deposições, a incorporação de elementos do substrato nos cordões não permitiu a formação de aluminetos para os revestimentos processados com a mistura de pós elementares. Estes apresentaram valores de diluição consideravelmente maiores do que os cordões obtidos com pó atomizado, que resultaram em aluminetos de Níquel. Com base nos resultados preliminares, quatro novas composições com mistura de pós elementares foram estimadas e os cordões finais, processados com 100 ou 130 A, resultaram em aluminetos como esperado. Duas composições foram submetidas a ensaios em balança termo gravimétrica (TGA) e a ciclos isotérmicos em forno mufla para diferentes temperaturas (máximo de 1000 graus Celsius) e tempos de exposição (até 72 horas no máximo). Os resultados mostraram que a incorporação de Ferro nos revestimentos durante a deposição retardou a formação das camadas de óxidos, sendo que maiores teores deste elemento aceleraram a formação da camada de alumina alfa, o que propiciou uma redução nos valores de constante de oxidação parabólica a 1000 graus Celsius nos estágios iniciais da oxidação. Os revestimentos apresentaram melhores desempenhos à oxidação do que a liga NiAlCrC fundida, traduzido pelo menor ganho de massa. A exposição nas temperaturas de ensaio provocou uma queda de dureza e na evolução ou nucleação de uma provável fase sigma. / This research aimed at the development in situ by plasma transferred arc (PTA) of nickel aluminides resistant to the oxidation, based on a reference NiCrAlC alloy. For this purpose, preliminary mixtures of elemental powders were deposited, and also using the atomized powder, varying the current intensity (130 and 160 A) only to obtain different mixtures with substrate. After the depositions, the incorporation of substrate elements into the welds did not allow the formation of aluminides in the coatings processed with the elemental powder mixture. These coatings presented dilution values considerably higher than those obtained with atomized powder, which result in nickel aluminides. Based on the preliminary results, additional four compositions with elemental powders were estimated and the final welds, processed with 100 or 130 A, were composed by aluminides as expected. Two compositions were submitted to the thermogravimetry tests and isothermal cycles in an oven for different temperatures (1000 Celsius max) and exposure times (for 72 hours at maximum). The results showed that the iron incorporation in the coatings during depositions delayed the oxides scales formation, since higher contents of this element accelerated the formation of -alumina, which promoted a reduction in the parabolic constant of oxidation for 1000 Celsius in the earlier stages of oxidation. The coatings presented better oxidation resistance than that observed for as-cast NiCrAlC, observed by their smaller mass losses. The exposure to the testing temperatures resulted in a decrease of hardness and in the evolution or nucleation of sigma phase.