Actualmente, los accidentes de tránsito son un problema de salud pública en el Perú. A pesar que las vías de tránsito se diseñan mediante un manual de diseño geométrico, esto no garantiza que sean seguras. Por ello, se debe plantear proyectos viales que reduzcan los factores de contribución de accidentes. En este sentido, este estudio emplea la metodología del Manual de Seguridad Vial(MSV) para proponer medidas, analizar el impacto de estas y se determinar dónde es necesaria y urgente su implementación. Esta investigación recopiló los datos de accidentes de la jurisdicción de la Comisaría Alfonso Ugarte en Cercado Lima, se creó un mapa georreferenciado de accidentes de tránsito, se identificó a la Intersección de la Av. Garcilaso de la Vega y Av. Bolivia como la intersección de mayor accidentalidad a través del Sistema de Información Geográfica del programa ArcGIS. Luego, se estimó el número de accidentes que genera una intersección debido a sus características geométricas, IMDA, sistema de control de tránsito y características del entorno. Con ello, se calculó el número de accidentes previstos por el método del MSV y se los ajustó median el método de Bayes. También, se propusieron proyectos de seguridad vial, y se realizó un análisis costo-efectividad. Finalmente, se plantearon sugerencias para las futuras investigaciones sobre esta metodología que no es muy conocida en Perú, pero que es fundamental en las etapas de los proyectos de infraestructura vial como herramienta para caracterizar cuantitativamente la seguridad vial y para la prevención de los accidentes de tránsito. / Currently, road traffic injuries are a public health problem worldwide. Although roads are designed according to the requirements of a geometric design manual, this does not guarantee that they are safe. Therefore, road infrastructure improvement projects should be established to reduce the factors that contribute to the generation of accidents. In this sense, this study uses the methodology of the Road Safety Manual (RSM) to suggest road infrastructure proposals, analyze their impact and determine where their implementation is necessary and urgent. In this research, data on accidents occurred in the jurisdiction of the Alfonso Ugarte Police Station in Lima was collected, a georeferenced map of traffic accidents was created, and the intersection of Garcilaso de la Vega Avenue and Bolivia Avenue was identified as the intersection with the highest accident rate through the Geographic Information System of the ArcGIS program. Then, the number of accidents generated by an intersection due to its geometric characteristics, AADT, traffic control system, environment characteristics, etc. were estimated. Based on this, the number of expected accidents was calculated by the HSM method, as well as the predicted average total crash frequency by Bayes adjustment. Also, road safety projects were proposed and prioritized in economic terms and in terms of accident reduction. Finally, suggestions were made for future research on this methodology, which is not well known in Peru, but which is fundamental in the stages of road infrastructure projects as a tool to quantitatively characterize road safety and to emphasize road safety prevention. / Tesis

El óvalo Tortugas, se encuentra ubicado en el Km 395.5 de la Panamericana Norte, en el departamento de Ancash, provincia de Casma, el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones concesionó un tramo de la carretera a la empresa OHL con el nombre de red vial N°4; en ésta se han construido 07 óvalos con similares condiciones de diseño geométrico. Las principales actividades económicas que realizan las comunidades que integran esta autopista son: agricultura, ganadería, minería y turismo. Las cuales se ven afectadas principalmente por los numerosos accidentes de tránsito, largas horas de viaje, elevados costos de pasaje, etc. producidos por las deficiencias geométricas que el óvalo presenta. La presente tesis propone reducir el número de puntos negros en el óvalo tortugas aplicando la metodología del manual de seguridad vial por el MTC, para ello tenemos que cumplir cuatro criterios para señalar que un lugar con un número de accidentes elevado sea considerado como punto negro, se clasificarán los tipos de accidentes en el óvalo. Realizaremos un análisis de inspección de seguridad vial mediante listas de chequeo siguiendo las recomendaciones del manual de seguridad vial del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones y se comprobará que existen deficiencias en todo el recorrido desde el ingreso, hasta la salida del óvalo. Usaremos criterios de “Design manual for roads and Bridges – CD 116 para realizar una propuesta del diseño geométrico del óvalo Tortugas. Realizaremos simulaciones con el software vehicle tracking versión 2019 para analizar las condiciones actuales y la propuesta de acuerdo al manual. / Tortugas roundabout is located at Km 395.5 from North highway, in the Department of Ancash, Province and District of Casma. Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) granted a section of the highway to the company OHL, naming it Red Vial No. 4; there are 07 more roundabouts that had been built with similar geometric design conditions. The main economic activities carried out by the affected communities from this highway are: agriculture, farming, mining and tourism. Which are mainly affected by the numerous traffic accidents, long hours of travel, high ticket costs, etc. produced by the geometric deficiencies that the roundabout presents. This thesis proposes to reduce the number of black spots in Turtle roundabout applying the methodology of the Road Safety Manual from the MTC, for this we have to identify four criteria to be able to indicate that a place with a high number of accidents is considered as a Black spot, the types of accidents will be classified in the roundabout. We will carry out a road safety inspection analysis using checklists of the Road Safety Manual of the Ministry of Transport and Communications and it will be verified that there are deficiencies in the entire route from of the roundabout. We will use criteria from “Design manual for roads and Bridges - CD 116 to make a proposal for the geometric design of the Tortugas roundabout. We will carry out simulations with Vehicle Tracking Software version 2019 to analyze the current conditions and the proposals according to the manual. / Tesis

[pt] Aliada à incorporação do automóvel no cotidiano da sociedade, emerge um relevante problema social: os acidentes de trânsito. O impacto destes acontecimentos é tal que esses eles custam à maioria dos países cerca de 3 por cento do seu Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). No Brasil, um país majoritariamente rodoviário, a malha concentra cerca de 60 por cento do volume de cargas transportadas e 90 por cento do total de passageiros. Quando se fala de veículos pesados, a situação é ainda mais grave, expostos a jornadas de trabalho, exaustivas, caminhoneiros trabalham em um ambiente em que o risco, a falta de segurança, a infraestrutura viária e o tempo de isolamento podem gerar acidentes de maior gravidade nas rodovias federais. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a frota de veículos está em crescente expansão e necessita de formas de controle para os riscos dos acidentes. Com a evolução das geotecnologias, estudos georreferenciados, quando inseridos em um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), têm permitido uso de técnicas estatísticas espaciais e de otimização para tomada de decisões. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar ferramentas em SIG nas análises de acidentes de trânsito envolvendo veículos pesados nas rodovias federais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho demonstrou as capacidades de SIG, à luz da literatura atual e metodologias oficiais, na identificação dos pontos críticos de acidentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e, por utilizar banco de dados, as metodologias podem ser replicadas, aperfeiçoadas ou expandidas em outras regiões. / [en] Allied to the incorporation of the automobile in the daily life of society, a relevant social problem emerges: traffic accidents. While in developed countries great effort is done to control them, in developing countries, with an unstable growth, they appear as a growing problem (MARIN and QUEIROZ, 2000). The impact of these events is such that these accidents cost most countries around 3 percent of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (GONIEWICZ et al., 2015; WHO, 2018). Traffic injury is now the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5 to 29 years. And it presents itself as the eighth leading cause of death in all age groups, more than AIDS, tuberculosis and diarrhea (ITF, 2017; WHO, 2018). In Brazil, a mainly road country, the network concentrates about 60 percent of the volume of cargo transported (and 90 percent of the total passengers). Reports, referring to 2016 data, show that Brazil appears in third place among the record-breaking countries in traffic deaths, behind only India and China (WHO, 2018). When it comes to heavy vehicles, the situation is even worst. According to a report by the Ministry of Transport, Ports and Aviation, trucks represent about 6 percent of the vehicle fleet in Brazil, however they are involved in 16.7 percent of all accidents, and with greater severity, in federal roads (BRASIL, 2017). Exposed to working hours, often exhausting, truck drivers work in risky situations, in which the lack of security and time away from their family members are the main negative points of the profession (CNT, 2019b). Rio de Janeiro State has an expanding fleet, estimated at about 6,725,822 vehicles (IBGE, 2020). Information from the Transit Dossier, a survey carried out by the Public Security Institute (ISP) and DETRAN-RJ, show that in 2018, 1,957 people died and 27,520 were injured in traffic accidents in Rio de Janeiro State, an average of six victims fatal every day (BOECHAT, 2019). Traffic accident locations are crucially important information for understanding the causes and implementation of traffic safety measures. With the evolution of geotechnologies, this field starts to gain a lot of strength. georeferenced studies allow the use of statistical techniques for analysis and optimization for decision making when inserted in a Geographic Information System (GIS) (SILVA et al., 2009; HASHIMOTO, 2016). This work aims to study GIS tools in the analysis of traffic accidents, using a case study of heavy vehicles on federal roads in Rio de Janeiro State. The methodology adopted for the elaboration of this research was of exploratory research, with a bibliographic review of the concepts and historical roads in Brazil, as well as the methodologies in existing Geographic Information Systems. With a subsequent application case study and methodological comparison.

Neste trabalho avaliou-se a potencialidade do uso da sísmica rasa de reflexão multicomponente para investigação geológica-geotécnica. Foram abordados vários aspectos relacionados à aquisição dos dados sísmicos de reflexão multicomponente, com o objetivo de entender as vantagens e limitações do método para aplicação em investigações de subsuperfície rasa. Os ensaios de campo foram realizados em duas áreas, ambas em terrenos da Bacia Sedimentar de São Paulo, em área urbana da cidade de São Paulo. Para a interpretação dos dados sísmicos multicomponente foram investigados procedimentos para a inversão não-linear dos tempos de trânsito e das amplitudes. O testes realizados orientaram a escolha da aproximação não-hiperbólica mais apropriada para calculo dos tempos de trânsito visando à análise de velocidades do pacote acima do refletor. O estudo numérico desenvolvido para a inversão das amplitudes mostrou a viabilidade da estimativa das velocidades e densidades, acima e abaixo do refletor, empregando-se as equações de Zoeppritz para as ondas refletidas PP, PSv, SvP e SvSv, antes e depois do ângulo crítico. Dada a complexidade da inversão nao-linear das amplitudes, se fez necessário elaborar uma estratégia estocástica de otimização e desenvolver uma nova abordagem para análise da função objetivo multi-dimensional, garantindo confiabilidade ao resultado da inversão não-linear. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram o potencial da sísmica de reflexão rasa multicomponente para caracterização geológica-geotécnica, possibilitando um melhor entendimento das camadas superficiais. / This thesis aims to evaluate the useful of the multicomponent seismic methods for shallow investigations, mainly its potential for the geotechnical and geological characterization of the nearsurface. Several aspects regarding the acquisition and processing data of multicomponent seismic data are discussed. They were based on data set acquired in the urban area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Two different areas were investigated. Both located in sedimentary terrains belonging to the Sao Paulo Sedimentary Basin. We present a non-linear travel time and seismic amplitude inversion scheme to quantitative interpretation of multicomponent seismic data. Several tests were performed to guide the choice of non-hyperbolic equation more suitable for travel time inversion aiming the velocity analysis above the reflector. A numerical experiment developed to solve the nonlinear inversion of seismic amplitudes showed the feasibility to estimate seismic interval velocities and layer densities above and below the reflector using the exact Zoeppritz equations for PP, PSv, SvP e SvSv reflected waves, before and after critical angle. Due to the apparent complexity of the nonlinear seismic amplitude inversion, it was necessary elaborate the strategy for stochastic optimization and develop a new approach to analyze the multi-dimensional objective function, with different implications for the accuracy and efficiency of the non-linear inversion. The study show the benefits of using the multicomponent seismic method for shallow geological-geotechnical characterization, improving the nearsurface understanding, once allows an integrated analyzes of a more complete record of the wave field.

Neste trabalho avaliou-se a potencialidade do uso da sísmica rasa de reflexão multicomponente para investigação geológica-geotécnica. Foram abordados vários aspectos relacionados à aquisição dos dados sísmicos de reflexão multicomponente, com o objetivo de entender as vantagens e limitações do método para aplicação em investigações de subsuperfície rasa. Os ensaios de campo foram realizados em duas áreas, ambas em terrenos da Bacia Sedimentar de São Paulo, em área urbana da cidade de São Paulo. Para a interpretação dos dados sísmicos multicomponente foram investigados procedimentos para a inversão não-linear dos tempos de trânsito e das amplitudes. O testes realizados orientaram a escolha da aproximação não-hiperbólica mais apropriada para calculo dos tempos de trânsito visando à análise de velocidades do pacote acima do refletor. O estudo numérico desenvolvido para a inversão das amplitudes mostrou a viabilidade da estimativa das velocidades e densidades, acima e abaixo do refletor, empregando-se as equações de Zoeppritz para as ondas refletidas PP, PSv, SvP e SvSv, antes e depois do ângulo crítico. Dada a complexidade da inversão nao-linear das amplitudes, se fez necessário elaborar uma estratégia estocástica de otimização e desenvolver uma nova abordagem para análise da função objetivo multi-dimensional, garantindo confiabilidade ao resultado da inversão não-linear. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram o potencial da sísmica de reflexão rasa multicomponente para caracterização geológica-geotécnica, possibilitando um melhor entendimento das camadas superficiais. / This thesis aims to evaluate the useful of the multicomponent seismic methods for shallow investigations, mainly its potential for the geotechnical and geological characterization of the nearsurface. Several aspects regarding the acquisition and processing data of multicomponent seismic data are discussed. They were based on data set acquired in the urban area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Two different areas were investigated. Both located in sedimentary terrains belonging to the Sao Paulo Sedimentary Basin. We present a non-linear travel time and seismic amplitude inversion scheme to quantitative interpretation of multicomponent seismic data. Several tests were performed to guide the choice of non-hyperbolic equation more suitable for travel time inversion aiming the velocity analysis above the reflector. A numerical experiment developed to solve the nonlinear inversion of seismic amplitudes showed the feasibility to estimate seismic interval velocities and layer densities above and below the reflector using the exact Zoeppritz equations for PP, PSv, SvP e SvSv reflected waves, before and after critical angle. Due to the apparent complexity of the nonlinear seismic amplitude inversion, it was necessary elaborate the strategy for stochastic optimization and develop a new approach to analyze the multi-dimensional objective function, with different implications for the accuracy and efficiency of the non-linear inversion. The study show the benefits of using the multicomponent seismic method for shallow geological-geotechnical characterization, improving the nearsurface understanding, once allows an integrated analyzes of a more complete record of the wave field.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa C Ruschel.pdf: 2755685 bytes, checksum: 7ac9e1a95162dd807a190711c9c58e06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research dissertation aimed to analyze how urban planning influenced on traffic accidents caused in the 2011-2015 period in the urban area of the municipality of Toledo - PR; it describes the evolution of urban development of cities from the theories of spatial analysis and urban planning; it identifies, maps and determine the frequency with which they occur traffic accidents in Toledo - PR in the 2011-2015 period; and finally, it characterizes the critical points. It is justified by the high traffic accidents rate in Toledo, which occupies the 8th position in Parana in Quantitative Victims of Homicide Traffic. The rapid urbanization and the continuous increase of the vehicle fleet contributed to the growth of traffic accidents in Toledo, which had no proper planning of urban space. The methodology used was through theoretical substantiation of spatial analysis and urban planning; primary data collection in Traffic Accident Occurrence Reports then tabulated and analyzed as theoretical foundation. It was possible to verify that the highest traffic accident rate is in the center of the city, opening hours trade and services, which coincides with the high density of people and vehicles, located in the central area. Urban planning can interfere with the accident problem, with plans to decentralize business activities, encourage the disuse of the automobile and promote spaces suitable for foot traffic and cyclists, for mobility and sustainable urban spaces. / A presente pesquisa de dissertação teve como objetivo principal analisar como o planejamento urbano influencia nos acidentes de trânsito, ocasionados no período de 2011 a 2015, no perímetro urbano do Município de Toledo PR; como objetivo específico, descrever a evolução do desenvolvimento urbano das cidades a partir das teorias da análise espacial e do planejamento urbano; identificar, mapear e verificar a frequência com que ocorrem os acidentes de trânsito em Toledo PR no período de 2011 a 2015; e por fim caracterizar os pontos críticos. Justificou-se pelo alto índice de acidentes de trânsito em Toledo, o qual ocupa a 8ª posição no Paraná no Quantitativo de Vítimas de Homicídio Culposo de Trânsito. A rápida urbanização e o aumento contínuo da frota de veículos contribuíram para o crescimento dos acidentes de trânsito em Toledo, o qual não teve um adequado planejamento do espaço urbano. A metodologia utilizada foi através de embasamentos teóricos da análise espacial e do planejamento urbano; coleta de dados primários nos Boletins de Ocorrência de Acidentes de Trânsito, em seguida tabelados e analisados conforme fundamentação teórica. Foi possível verificar que o maior índice de acidentes de trânsito ocorre no centro da cidade, em horário de funcionamento do comércio e serviços, o que coincide com a alta densidade, de pessoas e veículos, localizados na área central. O planejamento urbano pode interferir no problema dos acidentes, com planos para descentralizar as atividades comerciais, incentivar o desuso do automóvel e promover espaços adequados para o tráfego a pé e de ciclistas, para uma mobilidade e espaços urbanos sustentáveis.

[pt] O Brasil, país pioneiro na implantação do BRT, possui alguns corredores com prioridade para serviços de transporte coletivo por ônibus. O sistema BRT no Rio de Janeiro começou a ser desenvolvido há tempos, mas ficou parado por fatores externos até princípio do ano 2021. A partir dessa data, o seu desenvolvimento foi retomado com uma perspectiva diferente para não cometer os mesmos erros do passado. O novo modelo pretende eliminar o risco de demanda, assim como fazer a separação entre fornecimento e operação dos equipamentos, permitindo a participação de atores especializados. Portanto, neste trabalho pretende determinar a viabilidade do novo modelo implementado do sistema BRT pela perspectiva financeira. Foi feito uma pesquisa geral sobre os principais incentivos governamentais, as características dos BRT e o conhecimento acumulado em diferentes países para a avaliação do modelo de negócio e contrato desenvolvido pela Prefeitura. Além disso foram analisados os fluxos de caixa através dos principais indicadores financeiros. Os resultados mostram que do ponto de vista financeiro o projeto é rentável e lucrativo. O novo modelo permite também uma melhoria na eficiência do sistema de transporte público na cidade e o aumento da satisfação do usuário. A principal contribuição do trabalho é o estudo qualitativo brindando uma comparação entre as diferentes experiências internacionais neste âmbito para conhecer os aspectos favoráveis que se possam ajustar a realidade brasileira da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] Brazil is a pioneer in the implementation of BRT and has some corridors with priority for public transport services by bus. The BRT system in Rio de Janeiro began to be developed many years ago but was put on hold due to external factors until early 2021, when its development was resumed with a different perspective so as not to make the same mistakes as in the past. The new model intends to eliminate demand risk, as well as implement the separation between supply and operation of the equipment, allowing the inclusion of specialized actors. Therefore, this work intends to determine the feasibility of the new implemented model of the BRT system from a financial perspective. A general survey was carried out on the main government incentives, the characteristics of BRT and the knowledge accumulated in different countries for the evaluation of the business model and contract developed. In addition, cash flow analysis was done using the main financial indicators. The results indicate that from a financial perspective the project is profitable and profitable for the investment. The new model also allows for an improvement in the efficiency of the public transport system in the city and an increase in user satisfaction. The main contribution of the work is the qualitative study providing a comparison between the different international experiences in this field to know the favorable aspects that can adjust to the Brazilian reality of the city of Rio de Janeiro.

[pt] A medição da velocidade de fluidos tem relevância considerável em aplicações industriais e científicas, nas quais medições com baixa incerteza são geralmente requeridas. Nesta tese, tem-se como objetivo projetar e modelar um sistema de medição de velocidade de vento utilizando fusão de dados das informações dos tempos de trânsito obtidas pelas técnicas de detecção de limiar e diferença de fase. Para este propósito, este trabalho é composto por duas partes principais. Na primeira parte, apresenta-se uma análise da propagação de incertezas das técnicas de detecção de limiar e diferença de fase considerando duas estruturas para a medição da velocidade do vento, e faz-se a comparação das faixas de medição e suas incertezas associadas para cada estrutura de medição. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, faz-se um estudo das técnicas de fusão de dados aplicadas a instrumentação e medição, identificandose duas técnicas principais baseadas em: (a) estimação de máxima probabilidade (MLE – Maximum Likelihood Estimation), (b) relação de compatibilidade fuzzy e operadores OWA (Order Weighted Average) com agregação parcial. Em seguida, estas técnicas de fusão são aplicadas para a estimação do tempo de trânsito, considerando-se várias medições independentes do tempo de trânsito obtidas pelas técnicas de detecção de limiar e diferença de fase. Finalmente, realiza-se uma análise da incerteza quantificando-se a incerteza de cada medição sobre o resultado final de fusão. Apresenta-se um estudo de caso englobando estas duas partes do trabalho, desenvolvendo-se o projeto e modelagem de um instrumento de medição de velocidade do vento com baixa incerteza, considerando-se as incertezas associadas, e o uso de técnicas adequadas de fusão de dados para prover informações com maior exatidão e confiabilidade. Resultados experimentais são realizados em um túnel de vento de baixa velocidade com o objetivo de verificar a consistência dos estudos teóricos apresentados. / [en] Flow speed measurement has considerable relevance in industrial and scientific applications, where measurements with low uncertainty are required. In this work, a system for wind speed measurement using ultrasonic transducers is designed and modelled. This system makes use of data fusion techniques for the time-of-flight estimation, combining independent information provided by the threshold detection and phase difference methods. For this purpose, this work consists of two main parts. The first part presents an analysis of uncertainty and error propagation concerning the threshold detection and phase difference techniques and considering two structures for the wind speed measurement. Measurement ranges are associated uncertainties are then compared for each of those estrutures. In the second part of this work, data fusion techniques applied to instrumentation and measurement are studied; two main techniques are singled out: (a) Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), (b) Fuzzy compatibility relation and Order Weighted Average (OWA) operators with partial aggregation. These fusion techniques are then applied to the time-of-flight estimation, by considering several independent measurements obtained through the threshold detection and phase difference techniques. Finally, uncertainty analysis is carried out by quantifying the influence of each independent measurement on the global fusion result. A case study is also presented, where an instrument for wind speed measurements with low uncertainty is designed and modelled. Appropriate techniques of data fusion aimed at improving accuracy and realiability are considered. Experiments are performed in a wind tunnel in order to verify the consistency of the results in view of the theoretical studies.

Summaries in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / Orientation: Security personnel work in a high risk and consequently high stress environment. This may negatively affect their wellbeing. Owing to the high crime rate in South Africa, one of the continuous stressors security personnel experience might be fearing for their lives. If security personnel fail to use effective coping strategies they will remain stressed, and this may have a negative impact on them, and their organisation or community. Challenges such as work stress in the South African security industry have not been comprehensively researched or documented (Sibanyoni, 2014). Consequently, no South African questionnaire measuring coping with stress or a stress management model for dealing with stress in a security environment, could be found. Research purpose: The general aim of the research was to develop a valid and reliable coping questionnaire and stress management model for high stress security occupations. Research methodology: A questionnaire development process, as suggested by scientific literature, was followed. The process entailed (1) determining coping strategies by means of a literature review, (2) developing the coping questionnaire, (3) administering the questionnaire to the target population, and (4) statistical analysis. The stress management model was developed by combining the results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The development of the questionnaire was based on a sample of 381 active duty security personnel working in a high stress security environment in South Africa. Main findings: The study resulted in the development of a psychometrically sound 39-item questionnaire. The following 12 empirically validated healthy and unhealthy coping strategies were identified: (1) social support, (2) group cohesion, (3) physical exercise, (4) relaxation, (5) social media addiction, (6) healthy sleeping habits, (7) healthy diet, (8) training, (9) humour, (10) religion, (11) avoidance, and (12) denial. CFA confirmed both the construct and content validity, and composite reliability. The questionnaire was found to be invariant, and could thus be applied to different groups in high stress security occupations. A stress management model indicating the interrelationship between personality and coping was also developed. Contribution/value-add: The main contribution of this study was the development of a valid coping questionnaire and stress management model. By identifying the specific coping strategies, targeted stress management interventions could be developed. This could contribute to the overall wellness of security personnel working in high stress occupations, resulting in a healthy organisation and sound relationships with the community. Security organisations could also use the model during assessments to identify candidates with personality traits that would lead to healthier coping strategies, thereby selecting personnel that could better adapt to a security environment. / Oriëntasie: Sekuriteitspersoneel werk in ’n hoë risiko en gevolglik ’n stresvolle omgewing. Dit kan hulle welstand negatief beïnvloed. As gevolg van die hoë misdaadsyfer in Suid-Afrika kan een van die deurlopende stressors wat sekuriteitspersoneel ervaar ’n vrees vir hulle lewens wees. Indien sekuriteitspersoneel nie effektiewe streshantering strategieë gebruik nie, kan hulle voortdurend stres ervaar en dit kan ’n negatiewe impak op hulleself, hulle organisasie of gemeenskap hê. Uitdagings soos beroepstres in die Suid-Afrikaanse sekuriteitsindustrie is nog nie deeglik nagevors of gedokumenteer nie (Sibanyoni, 2014). Gevolglik kon daar vir die sekuriteitsomgewing geen Suid-Afrikaanse vraelys wat streshantering meet of ’n stresbestuursmodel gevind word nie. Doel van die navorsing: Die algemene doel van die navorsing was om vir stresvolle sekuriteitsberoepe ’n geldige en betroubare streshanteringsvraelys en stresbestuursmodel te ontwikkel. Navorsingsmetodologie: ’n Vraelys ontwikkelingsproses, soos deur wetenskaplike literatuur voorgestel, is gevolg. Die proses het die volgende behels: (1) die vasstel van die streshantering strategieë deur middel van ’n literatuuroorsig, (2) die ontwikkeling van die streshanteringsvraelys, (3) administrasie van die vraelys aan die teiken populasie en (4) statistiese analise. Die stresbestuursmodel is ontwikkel deur die resultate van die bevestigende faktoranalise (BFA) en die kanoniese korrelasie analise te kombineer. Die ontwikkeling van die vraelys is gebaseer op ’n steekproef van 381 aktiewe diens sekuriteitspersoneel wat in Suid-Afrika in ’n stresvolle sekuriteitsomgewing werk. Hoofbevindinge: Die studie het tot ’n psigometries betroubare 39-item vraelys gelei. Twaalf empiries gestaafde gesonde en ongesonde streshantering strategieë is geïdentifiseer naamlik: (1) sosiale ondersteuning, (2) groep kohesie, (3) fisiese oefening, (4) ontspanning, (5) sosiale media verslawing, (6) gesonde slaapgewoontes, (7) gesonde dieet, (8) opleiding, (9) humor, (10) godsdiens, (11) vermyding en (12) ontkenning. BFA het die konstruk- en inhoudsgeldigheid so wel as die saamgestelde betroubaarheid bevestig. Die vraelys is invariant en kan dus op verskillende groepe in hoë stres sekuriteitsberoepe toegepas word. ’n Stresbestuursmodel wat die verwantskap tussen persoonlikheid en streshantering aandui is ook ontwikkel. Bydrae/waardetoevoeging: Die belangrikste bydrae van hierdie studie was die ontwikkeling van ’n geldige streshanteringsvraelys en stresbestuursmodel. Deur die spesifieke streshantering strategieë te identifiseer kan gefokusde streshantering intervensies ontwikkel word. Dit kan tot die algehele welstand van sekuriteitspersoneel wat in stresvolle beroepe werk bydra en derhalwe ’n gesonde organisasie en goeie verhoudings met die gemeenskap. Sekuriteitsorganisasies kan ook tydens keurings die model gebruik om kandidate met persoonlikheidstrekke, wat tot gesonder streshantering strategieë sal lei, te identifiseer en dus personeel kies wat beter by ’n sekuriteitsomgewing sal aanpas. / Isimo somqondo: Abasebenzi bezokuphepha basebenza ezindaweni ezinobungozi obuphakeme nengcindezi ephakeme. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi esimeni sabo sempilo. Ngenxa yezinga lobugebengu eliphezulu eNingizimu Afrika, okukodwa okudala ingcindezi ngokuqhubekayo kubasebenzi bezokuphepha ukwesabela izimpilo zabo. Uma abasebenzi bezokuphepha bengasebenzisi amasu aphumelelayo okubhekana nalezi zimo, bazohlala benengcindezi futhi lokhu kungaba nomphumela omubi kubona, enhlanganweni yabo noma emphakathini wabo. Ucwaningo ngezinselelo ezinjengokucindezeleka emsebenzini ezimbonini zokuphepha lapha eNingizimu Afrika alwenziwanga futhi akubhaliwe kabanzi ngakho (Sibanyoni, 2014). Kanjalo, alutholakalanga uhlu lwemibuzo lwaseNingizimu Afrika olungalinganisa ukuthi abasebenzi bezokuphepha babhekana kanjani nengcindezi kanye nomlinganiso olawula ingcindezi ukubhekana nengcindezi ezindaweni zezokuphepha. Inhloso yocwaningo: Inhloso enkulu yocwaningo kwakuwukuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo oluqinisekile noluthembekile ukubhekana nengcindezi nomlinganiso wokulawula ingcindezi emisebenzini yezokuphepha enengcindezi ephakeme. Indlela yokwenza ucwaningo: Isenzo sokuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo njengoba kuhlongozwa yimibhalo yezesayensi silandelwe kulolu cwaningo. Lesi senzo sibe (1) nokuthola amasu okubhekana nengcindezi ngokubhekisa emibhalweni ehloliwe, (2) nokuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo ephathelene nokubhekana nengcindezi, (3) nokunikeza uhlu lwemibuzo kubantu abathintekayo, kanye (4) nokwenza uhlaziyo lwezibalo. Umlinganiso wokulawula ingcindezi wenziwe ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela yeConfirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) neyeCanonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Ukuqanjwa kohlu lwemibuzo kweyeme esampuleni labasebenzi bezokuphepha abangama-381 abamatasa emsebenzini abasebenza ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephakeme eNingizimu Afrika. Okukhulu okutholakele ocwaningweni: Ucwaningo lube nomphumela ekuqanjweni kohlu lwemibuzo oluqinisekile ngokwesayikhomethri olunemibuzo angama-39. Kukhonjwe amasu okubhekana nengcindezi ayishumi nambili aqinisekiswe ngokubukisiswa asesimeni esiphilile nesingaphilile sempilo, okubalwa kuwo, (1) uxhaso lomphakathi, (2) ukuba ndawonye kweqembu, (3) ukuzivocavoca umzimba, (4) ukuziphumuza, (5) ukuba yisigqili semithombo yomphakathi, (6) imikhuba emihle yokulala, (7) uqeqesho, (8) amahlaya, (10) inkolo, (11) ukuxwaya, kanye (12) nokwala. ICFA iqinisekise ukuba neqiniso kombono nokuqukethwe, kanye nokwethembeka okuxubile. Kutholakele ukuthi uhlu lwemibuzo aluguquki futhi lungasetshenziswa emaqenjini ehlukene emisebenzini yezokuphepha anengcindezi ephakeme. Kuthuthukiswe nomlinganiso olawula ingcindezi okhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi komuntu isibili nokubhekana nengcindezi. Umnikelo: Umnikelo omkhulu walolu cwaningo kube ukuqamba uhlu lwemibuzo oluqinisekile ukubhekana nengcindezi kanye nomlinganiso wokulawula ingcindezi. Ngokukhomba amasu aqondene nokubhekana nengcindezi, kungathuthukiswa izindlela ezihlosiwe zokulawula ingcindezi. Lokhu kunganikela esimeni esihle sempilo yabasebenzi bezokuphepha abasebenza imisebenzi enengcindezi ephakeme, okuzoholela enhlanganweni esesimeni esihle nasebudlelwaneni obuhle nomphakathi. Izinhlangano zezokuphepha nazo zingawusebenzisa lomlinganiso ngesikhathi sokuhlola ukubona abafundi abanezici ezinomthelela omuhle, kumasu abhekana nengcindezi asesimeni esihle, ezizobenza bakhethe abasebenzi abazongena kahle ezindaweni zokuphepha. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Phil. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)