The Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris) is one of the most problematic invasive species in Europe and a serious pest species in agriculture and gardens, and it can have negative effects on native slug species. In this study, we used passively intergraded transponder (PIT) telemetry to determine the movement behavior of 57 Spanish slugs during autumn in two different habitats: a private garden and a deciduous forest, located in Karlstad municipality, Sweden. The slugs generally moved within relatively small areas. There was a difference between the movements between the two habitats, with slugs moving longer distances per day (2.0 m day‑1) and over larger areas in the forest than in the garden (1.1 m day-1). Local control measures are therefore potentially effective in gardens and in agricultural landscapes, since the Spanish slug there concentrate within patches of habitat. To develop control methods to mitigate the impact of this problematic slug, we need more basic ecological knowledge, and this study provides such knowledge. / Den spanska skogssnigeln (Arion vulgaris) är en av Europas mest problematiska invasiva arter och ett allvarligt skadedjur för jordbruk och trädgårdar. Den kan också ha negativa effekter på inhemska snigelarter. I den här studien använde vi telemetri baserat på passivt integrerade transpondrar (PIT) för att bestämma rörelsemönstret hos 57 spanska skogssniglar under hösten i två olika habitat: en villaträdgård och en lövskog, i Karlstads kommun, Sverige. Sniglarna rörde sig inom små områden. Det var en skillnad mellan rörelserna i de två habitaten, sniglarna förflyttade sig längre distanser per dag (2,0 m dag-1) och över större områden i skogen än i trädgården (1,1 m day-1). Lokala kontrollåtgärder är därför potentiellt effektiva i trädgårdar och jordbrukslandskap, då den spanska skogssnigeln där koncentrerar sig inom fläckar av habitat. För att utveckla kontrollmetoder för att minska påverkan av den här problematiska snigeln, så behöver vi mer grundläggande ekologisk kunskap, och den här studien förser oss med sådan kunskap.

This report is a technical verification and validation of Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) over Very High Frequency Data Link Mode 4 (VDL Mode 4) for the use as surveillance in terminal areas and en-route airspace in non-radar areas. The main objective is to verify that ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 fulfils the technical requirements for an implementation at Kiruna airport, Sweden. Comparison has been made to the current requirements for Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR). The work in this report has been conducted in three phases: preliminary study, tests and verification and validation. During the preliminary study documents primarily from EUROCONTROL and ICAO were used to find out which requirements that were applicable. The next part consisted of both practical tests and theoretical verification of the VDL Mode 4 performance. Finally the results from the tests were validated and put together in this report. Main conclusion from this report is that ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 fulfils the corresponding SSR requirements. Therefore ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 should be able to serve as primary mean for surveillance in non-radar areas. The results from this report will constitute a part of the technical subset of future safety case for ADS-B in non-radar areas. The complete safety case will be used to authorize ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 in non-radar airspace, both in Sweden and internationally.

This report is a technical verification and validation of ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast) over VDL Mode 4 (Very High Frequency Data Link Mode 4) for the use in the surveillance element of an A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System). The main objective of this report is to examine if ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 fulfils the technical requirements for an implementation at Arlanda airport, Stockholm Sweden. The report also includes a FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis), a theoretical background and methods for monitoring. The process of making this report can be divided into three phases: 1. Preliminary Study. In this phase the requirements were examined and structured. 2. Verification. In this phase the system performance has been verified both theoretically and by several tests at Arlanda Airport. Simulation results have also been used. 3. Validation and documentation. The tests and verifications that were performed in phase 2 were validated in the third phase of the project. The final project document was also written in this phase. The main conclusion from this analysis is that ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 is well suited for surveillance. ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 has the possibility to fulfil all considered requirements, apart from detecting all obstacles. But if all the requirements are going to be fulfilled depends both on the implementation and the operational environment. The results from this verification and validation should be used as the technical subset in a future safety case, both in Sweden and internationally.

Fundamental features of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems used in different application areas will be reviewed. Techniques used in realizing RFID antenna systems will be studied and the procedure to realize a specific RFID antenna type possessing desired characteristics will be described. Electrical properties such as radiation pattern, impedance will be predicted using analytical and/or computer simulation techniques. Experimental investigations will be carried out to complement the theoretical work.

<p>This report is a technical verification and validation of ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast) over VDL Mode 4 (Very High Frequency Data Link Mode 4) for the use in the surveillance element of an A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System). </p><p>The main objective of this report is to examine if ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 fulfils the technical requirements for an implementation at Arlanda airport, Stockholm Sweden. The report also includes a FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis), a theoretical background and methods for monitoring. </p><p>The process of making this report can be divided into three phases: </p><p>1. Preliminary Study. In this phase the requirements were examined and structured. </p><p>2. Verification. In this phase the system performance has been verified both theoretically and by several tests at Arlanda Airport. Simulation results have also been used. </p><p>3. Validation and documentation. The tests and verifications that were performed in phase 2 were validated in the third phase of the project. The final project document was also written in this phase. </p><p>The main conclusion from this analysis is that ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 is well suited for surveillance. ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 has the possibility to fulfil all considered requirements, apart from detecting all obstacles. But if all the requirements are going to be fulfilled depends both on the implementation and the operational environment. </p><p>The results from this verification and validation should be used as the technical subset in a future safety case, both in Sweden and internationally.</p>

No description available.

This thesis dealing with description and system design for administration keys trough the using RFID technology. The main task of this thesis is create a complete controlling algorithms for this system include operating program for platform Windows. Practically output of this thesis is system controlled by microcontroller, which make a decision based on authorisation whether man in question have an accession to the system and which keys he can take.

The goal of this diploma's thesis is to create a design of a two stages amplifier working in a band reserved for the secondary surveillance radar at the frequency of 1090 MHz. Output power of the amplifier should be 20 W and efficiency should be as high as possible. Because of this the second stage is designed in class C. Contents of this diploma's thesis include a theoretical analysis, simulations of the amplifier parameters, comparison of the Ansys Designer and AWR Microwave Office simulation programs and design of both stages of the amplifier, followed by a comparison of the measured parameters with the simulations.

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Frage, inwiefern das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz im nichtöffentlichen Bereich beim Einsatz von RFID-Technik ein angemessenes Schutzniveau bietet und in welcher Form Regulierungsmaßnahmen erforderlich sind. RFID bezeichnet ein Verfahren zur automatischen Identifizierung von Objekten mittels Funk. Dabei dienen kleine Transponder als Speicherbausteine für anonyme oder personenbezogene Daten. Diese Daten können mithilfe von Lesegeräten aus unterschiedlichen Distanzen erfasst und sichtbar gemacht werden. Im Anschluss erfolgt die Speicherung der ausgelesenen Informationen in einer zentralen Datenbank sowie die Verknüpfung mit anderen Daten. RFID-Technik bietet die Basis für zahlreiche sinnvolle Anwendungen in Industrie und Handel. So können Arbeitsabläufe optimiert und beschleunigt werden. Soweit ein Umgang mit personenbezogenen Daten erfolgt, sind jedoch datenschutzrechtliche Bestimmungen zu beachten. Für die verschiedenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten, wo personenbezogene Daten verarbeitet werden, kann zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt überwiegend nur eine szenische Betrachtung zur Darstellung der datenschutzrechtlichen Herausforderungen dienen. Dabei sollen auch Überlegungen zur Technikfolgenabschätzung in einer Welt der allgegenwärtigen Datenverarbeitung in die Untersuchung einfließen. Anhand von Beispielen wird analysiert, inwieweit die Bestimmungen des Bundesdatenschutzgesetzes anwendbar sind und einen ausreichenden Rahmen für Maßnahmen zum Schutz des allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrechtes von Betroffenen bieten. In diesem Sinne wird der Begriff der „Regulierung“ verwendet. Schutzmaßnahmen können in verschiedenen Formen zum Einsatz kommen, wobei insbesondere die Perspektiven einer Selbstkontrolle an Bedeutung gewinnen. Dabei werden bekannte Lösungsansätze aus dem Bereich der „regulierten Selbstregulierung“ für den Umgang mit RFID-Technik fruchtbar gemacht und umfassend diskutiert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hier in der Prüfung technischer Schutzmaßnahmen. Weiterhin wird erörtert, ob die Schaffung von flankierenden gesetzlichen Regelungen erforderlich ist. Bei der Beurteilung der datenschutzrechtlichen Fragen werden europarechtliche und verfassungsrechtliche Aspekte in die Untersuchung einbezogen.

No description available.