Background: Lung transplant is the fastest growing solid organ transplant procedure and venous thromboembolism has been described to occur in 8-29% of cases. This is much higher than any other solid organ and the exact incidence has yet to be determined. Risk factors for the development of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) specific to lung transplant are not fully understood. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to describe the incidence and risk factors for VTE disease during the first year following lung transplant at a busy transplant center in the Southwest United States. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study design was used. Virchow's triad was used as a theoretical model to identify selected variables common to lung transplant in an effort to understand possible risk factors for the development of VTE in this patient population. Consecutive lung transplant cases between June 1, 2013 and May 31, 2014 at St. Joseph's Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona were retrospectively reviewed and followed for exactly one year following the lung transplant date. Demographic variables, Virchow's triad variables, and variables previously identified in the literature as being risk factors for VTE were collected and analyzed using descriptive, frequency, t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression. Results: The incidence of VTE in this patient population was 25.8% and is consistent with findings from previous studies. Using the constructs of Virchow's triad did not yield any statistically significant predictors for VTE in this patient population. However, lung allocation score (LAS) (OR 1.109, CI 1.038-1.185), body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.362, CI 1.034-1.794), and time on the waitlist (OR 1.094, CI 1.023-1.171) did reach statistical significance as possible predictors for VTE following lung transplant in this patient sample. Conclusions: VTE is a common complication of lung transplant that has a high incidence during the first year following lung transplant. This study did identify LAS, BMI, and time on the waitlist as being possible risk factors for the development of VTE following lung transplant. LAS may be a useful surrogate to determine the risk for VTE in this population.

O presente estudo se propõe analisar os traços de personalidade do Dark Triad na decisão de manipular resultados para maximização de ganhos pessoais e empresariais. Para a discussão teórica considerou-se o Dark Triad, composto por traços não patológicos do Narcisismo, da Psicopatia e do Maquiavelismo e também a investigação do uso oportunístico da informação contábil-financeira quanto à decisão de manipular resultados, fundamentada pela Teoria dos Altos Escalões. Adotou-se a abordagem metodológica teórico-empírica. Os dados foram coletados usando um questionário survey divido em quatro partes: perfil demográfico, instrumento de medição de personalidade - Short Dark Triad (SD3), uma Simulação Empresarial com assertivas decisórias com enfoque em manobras financeiras e um jogo no formato Loteria. Três estudos foram realizados para adaptar o SD3 para uso no Brasil e testar três hipóteses formuladas. O Estudo 1 utilizou uma amostra de 30 alunos de Ciências Contábeis; o Estudo 2 utilizou uma amostra de 131 estudantes de MBA na área de Gestão Financeira. Ambos os estudos foram conduzidos como um teste preliminar para ajustar o questionário para o Estudo 3. Os dados para o estudo 3 foram coletadas de 263 gestores, os quais possuíam mais de seis meses de experiência. Técnicas de estatística descritiva, correlação análise, teste de hipóteses e regressão logística permitiram evidenciar, no Estudo 3, uma correlação significativa entre os três traços de personalidade. O Maquiavelismo e a Psicopatia apresentaram o maior valor correlacional. Existe uma relação positiva entre os altos traços de Maquiavelismo e Psicopatia e a decisão de manipular resultados. Em relação aos níveis, os traços moderados e altos do Maquiavelismo apresentaram maior aproximação. Já os traços da Psicopatia baixo e moderado demonstraram maior aproximação, permitindo a inferência de que o traço moderado apresenta menor tendência de os gestores decidirem pela manipulação de resultados. O Narcisismo não revelou diferenças entre médias, não sendo possível analisar os seus níveis. O estudo confirmou a relação positiva entre a interação dos três tipos de personalidade que compõem o Dark Triad e a decisão de manipular resultados. Os resultados levam à defesa da tese proposta de que a disposição de manipular resultados para a maximização de ganhos pessoais e empresariais está associada à interação de Maquiavelismo, Narcisismo e Psicopatia e aos níveis (baixo, moderado e alto) de pelo menos um desses traços que compõem o Dark Triad. Assim, este estudo contribui teórica, prática e metodologicamente para a área contábil, sobretudo para o campo da contabilidade comportamental, por discutir uma temática psicológica inovadora no contexto nacional; oferecer às empresas insights para o reconhecimento dos aspectos positivos e negativos em gestores dotados desses traços, no sentido de acompanhar mais de perto suas ações, para se tentar evitar prejuízos organizacionais; desperta para a análise de fatores comportamentais como potenciais influenciadores da tomada de decisão de manipular resultados; além de apresenta à sociedade brasileira a possibilidade de conhecimento, reconhecimento e convivência com indivíduos que exteriorizam esses traços de personalidade. / This study seeks to analyze the Dark Triad personality traits in the decision to manipulate earnings in order to maximize personal and business earnings. For the theoretical discussion, it was considered the Dark Triad of personality, composed by non-pathological traits of Narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism and also, the opportunistic use of the financial-accounting information, regarding the decision to manipulate earnings, grounded on the Upper Echelon Theory. A theoretical and empirical methodology was employed. Data were collected using survey questionnaire divided into four parts: demographic profile, personality measurement tool - Short Dark Triad (SD3), a Business Simulation with assertive decision-making with a focus on financial maneuvers and a game in the Lottery format. In order to adapt the SD3 for use in Brazil and to test three formulated hypotheses, three studies were carried out. The Study 1 used a sample of 30 accountancy students; Study 2 used a sample of 131 MBA students in the area of Financial Management. Both studies were conducted as a preliminary test to adjust the questionnaire to Study 3. Data for Study 3 were collected from 263 managers, which have had more than six months of experience. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, hypotheses tests and logistical regression evidenced a significant correlation among the three personality traits. The highest correlation was found between Machiavellianism and psychopathy. There was a significant positive relationship between high incidence of Machiavellianism and psychopathy traits and the decision to manipulate earnings. Regarding the levels, the high and moderate traits of Machiavellianism showed greater approximation. On the other hand, moderate and low traits of Psychopathy showed greater approximation, allowing for the inference that the moderate trait indicates a smaller tendency of managers deciding to manipulate the earnings. Narcissism did not reveal differences between the averages, which made it impossible to analyze its levels. The study confirmed the positive relationship between the interaction of the three Dark Triad personality traits and the decision to manipulate earnings. Therefore, the results confirm the proposed thesis that the decision to manipulate earnings to maximize personal and business earnings is associated with the interaction of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and psychopathy and the levels (low, moderate and high) of, at least, one of these Dark Triad traits. This study contributes theoretically, practically and methodologically to the field of Behavioral accounting. It discussed an innovative psychological theme in the national environment. The knowledge of the attributes of these personality traits may offer businesses insights to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of living with these types of managers and following more closely their actions, especially, to avoid organizational damage. Recognizing these traits in the others and in one\'s self may promote a more pleasant coexistence, by learning to deal with exteriorized behavior without the purpose of making these individual characteristics public out of respect for the involved ethical questions.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambanden mellan Dark Triad (de mörka personlighetsdragen Machiavellism, narcissism och psykopati), Sociosexuell orientering (beteende, attityd och lust till att medverka i tillfälliga sexuella relationer) samt Religiositet. En korrelationsanalys utfördes för att undersöka sambanden mellan variablerna och en modererande multipel regressionsanalys (MMR) utfördes för att undersöka om religiositet modererade effekten av Dark Triad på sociosexuell orientering. Deltagarna bestod av amerikaner (N =309) som svarade på en webbenkät via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) vilken innehöll Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) och the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R), dessutom angav de religionstillhörighet/ingen religionstillhörighet. Dark Triad hade ett positivt samband med sociosexuell orientering, men inget samband med religiositet. Sociosexuell orientering hade ett negativt samband med religiositet. Religiositet modererade inte effekten av Dark Triad på sociosexuell orientering. Resultaten bekräftar delvis tidigare forskning. Trots att religiositet inte modererade effekten av Dark Triad på sociosexuell orientering, borde detta förhållande undersökas vidare eftersom ingen tidigare forskning gjorts på området. / The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the Dark Triad (the dark personality traits Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy), Sociosexual orientation (behavior, attitude and desire to participate in uncommited sex) and Religiosity. A correlation analysis was used to investigate the association between variables and a moderating multiple regressionanalysis (MMR) was used to investigate if Religiosity moderated the effect of the Dark Triad on Sociosexual orientation. The participants consisted of US-residents (N = 309) who responded to an online survey through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) comprising The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) and the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R). In addition participants also stated religious affiliation / no religious affiliation. Dark Triad had a positive relationship with sociosexual orientation, but no relationship with religiosity. Sociosexual orientation had a negative relationship with religiosity. Religiosity did not moderate the effect of Dark Triad on sociosexual orientation. The results partially confirm previous research. Although religiosity failed to moderate the effect of Dark Triad on sociosexual orientation, this relation should be investigated further since no previous research has been done in this field of research.

The background explains musical concepts of consonance, dissonance and quartal harmony which are the central parts of this work. Emotion in- and application of music is explained as well, to give an understanding to how the music is being used. The problem is what was studied, and the method shows how it was to be studied. The goal of this work was to see what kind of harmony is better at inducing stress in a player playing a game, quartal or triad harmony. Two different harmonizations of the same songs were composed and implemented into a game sequence. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were held to collect data. The result of this study showed that both harmonizations induced the same amount of stress, not leading to any concrete answer.

O presente estudo se propõe analisar os traços de personalidade do Dark Triad na decisão de manipular resultados para maximização de ganhos pessoais e empresariais. Para a discussão teórica considerou-se o Dark Triad, composto por traços não patológicos do Narcisismo, da Psicopatia e do Maquiavelismo e também a investigação do uso oportunístico da informação contábil-financeira quanto à decisão de manipular resultados, fundamentada pela Teoria dos Altos Escalões. Adotou-se a abordagem metodológica teórico-empírica. Os dados foram coletados usando um questionário survey divido em quatro partes: perfil demográfico, instrumento de medição de personalidade - Short Dark Triad (SD3), uma Simulação Empresarial com assertivas decisórias com enfoque em manobras financeiras e um jogo no formato Loteria. Três estudos foram realizados para adaptar o SD3 para uso no Brasil e testar três hipóteses formuladas. O Estudo 1 utilizou uma amostra de 30 alunos de Ciências Contábeis; o Estudo 2 utilizou uma amostra de 131 estudantes de MBA na área de Gestão Financeira. Ambos os estudos foram conduzidos como um teste preliminar para ajustar o questionário para o Estudo 3. Os dados para o estudo 3 foram coletadas de 263 gestores, os quais possuíam mais de seis meses de experiência. Técnicas de estatística descritiva, correlação análise, teste de hipóteses e regressão logística permitiram evidenciar, no Estudo 3, uma correlação significativa entre os três traços de personalidade. O Maquiavelismo e a Psicopatia apresentaram o maior valor correlacional. Existe uma relação positiva entre os altos traços de Maquiavelismo e Psicopatia e a decisão de manipular resultados. Em relação aos níveis, os traços moderados e altos do Maquiavelismo apresentaram maior aproximação. Já os traços da Psicopatia baixo e moderado demonstraram maior aproximação, permitindo a inferência de que o traço moderado apresenta menor tendência de os gestores decidirem pela manipulação de resultados. O Narcisismo não revelou diferenças entre médias, não sendo possível analisar os seus níveis. O estudo confirmou a relação positiva entre a interação dos três tipos de personalidade que compõem o Dark Triad e a decisão de manipular resultados. Os resultados levam à defesa da tese proposta de que a disposição de manipular resultados para a maximização de ganhos pessoais e empresariais está associada à interação de Maquiavelismo, Narcisismo e Psicopatia e aos níveis (baixo, moderado e alto) de pelo menos um desses traços que compõem o Dark Triad. Assim, este estudo contribui teórica, prática e metodologicamente para a área contábil, sobretudo para o campo da contabilidade comportamental, por discutir uma temática psicológica inovadora no contexto nacional; oferecer às empresas insights para o reconhecimento dos aspectos positivos e negativos em gestores dotados desses traços, no sentido de acompanhar mais de perto suas ações, para se tentar evitar prejuízos organizacionais; desperta para a análise de fatores comportamentais como potenciais influenciadores da tomada de decisão de manipular resultados; além de apresenta à sociedade brasileira a possibilidade de conhecimento, reconhecimento e convivência com indivíduos que exteriorizam esses traços de personalidade. / This study seeks to analyze the Dark Triad personality traits in the decision to manipulate earnings in order to maximize personal and business earnings. For the theoretical discussion, it was considered the Dark Triad of personality, composed by non-pathological traits of Narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism and also, the opportunistic use of the financial-accounting information, regarding the decision to manipulate earnings, grounded on the Upper Echelon Theory. A theoretical and empirical methodology was employed. Data were collected using survey questionnaire divided into four parts: demographic profile, personality measurement tool - Short Dark Triad (SD3), a Business Simulation with assertive decision-making with a focus on financial maneuvers and a game in the Lottery format. In order to adapt the SD3 for use in Brazil and to test three formulated hypotheses, three studies were carried out. The Study 1 used a sample of 30 accountancy students; Study 2 used a sample of 131 MBA students in the area of Financial Management. Both studies were conducted as a preliminary test to adjust the questionnaire to Study 3. Data for Study 3 were collected from 263 managers, which have had more than six months of experience. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, hypotheses tests and logistical regression evidenced a significant correlation among the three personality traits. The highest correlation was found between Machiavellianism and psychopathy. There was a significant positive relationship between high incidence of Machiavellianism and psychopathy traits and the decision to manipulate earnings. Regarding the levels, the high and moderate traits of Machiavellianism showed greater approximation. On the other hand, moderate and low traits of Psychopathy showed greater approximation, allowing for the inference that the moderate trait indicates a smaller tendency of managers deciding to manipulate the earnings. Narcissism did not reveal differences between the averages, which made it impossible to analyze its levels. The study confirmed the positive relationship between the interaction of the three Dark Triad personality traits and the decision to manipulate earnings. Therefore, the results confirm the proposed thesis that the decision to manipulate earnings to maximize personal and business earnings is associated with the interaction of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and psychopathy and the levels (low, moderate and high) of, at least, one of these Dark Triad traits. This study contributes theoretically, practically and methodologically to the field of Behavioral accounting. It discussed an innovative psychological theme in the national environment. The knowledge of the attributes of these personality traits may offer businesses insights to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of living with these types of managers and following more closely their actions, especially, to avoid organizational damage. Recognizing these traits in the others and in one\'s self may promote a more pleasant coexistence, by learning to deal with exteriorized behavior without the purpose of making these individual characteristics public out of respect for the involved ethical questions.

COVID-19 pandemin har tvingat många organisationer att implementera en digital arbetsmiljö och börja arbeta på distans. Anställda inom IT som behöver samarbeta för att uppnå företagets mål, behöver spendera mycket tid på att kommunicera genom digitala kanaler där det kan dröja att få svar jämfört med ansikte-mot-ansikte. Med distansarbete har en mängd utmaningar medföljt med att säkra de anställdas personliga nätverk och hemmakontor för att kunna utföra sina arbetsuppgifter lika bra hemifrån som på kontoret. Studiens syfte var att analysera skillnaderna mellan säkerheten när arbetet sker på distans jämfört med på kontoret. Skillnaderna har analyserats och några utmaningar med säkerheten under distansarbete har presenterats. Utifrån de presenterade utmaningarna, gavs förslag på hur IT-företag skulle kunna arbeta för att säkra deras arbete även under distansarbete. Studien fokuserar på dataintrång och informationsläckor. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod har använts med semi-strukturerade intervjuer som samlades in på ett ledande företag inom IT-branschen. Genom att använda CIA- triaden som fokuserar på konfidentialitet, integritet och tillgänglighet, analyserades företagets säkerhetsarbete och förslag kunde presenteras utifrån resultatet. En analys genomfördes utifrån det empiriska resultatet från intervjuerna där den empirisk datan analyserades och därefter jämfördes med den insamlade litteraturen från litteraturstudien. Diskussionen presenterade några stora utmaningar för IT-företag under distansarbete. Därefter gavs två förslag på hur IT-företag kan arbeta med och vad de behöver tänka på angående säkerheten, baserat på litteratur och empiriska data. Studien avslutas med förslag på fortsatt forskning som relaterar till områden i den här studien, som kan fördjupa området ytterligare. / The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many organizations to implement a digital work environment and start working from home. Employees, who may have to collaborate to reach their goals will have to put in extra time to communicate through digital channels instead of face-to-face. With the remote work came a lot of challenges with securing the employees personal networks and personal offices so they can perform their work as well from home as from their office. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the differences between the work with security while working remote compared to in their office. The differences were analyzed, and some challenges were presented. With the presented challenges, some suggestions about how companies in IT can work to secure their work even during remote work. This paper only focuses on security breaches and information leaks. A qualitative study was conducted by using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted on a leading company in the IT-industry. By using the theoretical framework CIA-triad, the security work by the interviewed company could be analyzed and suggestions could be given from the results. An analysis was made on the empirical result from the interviews with comparison to the conducted literature from previous chapters. The analysis showed how the literature were implemented and interpreted at a real company. The discussion was based on the analysis and big challenges for IT-companies during the remote work were presented. Furthermore, the conclusion presented two suggestions for IT-companies to work with and think about to improve their security, based on the literature and empirical data. The thesis end with suggestions of future work that relates to this subject and can be interesting to see results in those areas.

High school coaches play a huge role in establishing a healthy environment for their athletes and often students. The coach-°©‐athlete relationship has proven to be a strong and useful bond in prevention of adverse behaviors of athletes or in prevention of health problems such as concussions. The female athlete triad (triad) is a common health problem among female athletes. Many high school coaches are unaware of the triad or the serious health and performance consequences for their athletes. The triad is a syndrome marked by 3 interrelated adverse effects: decreased energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and decreased bone mineral density. The Purpose of this study was to develop an online educational resource aimed at educating coaches about the triad. After the online education materials were created and reviewed by small panel groups, the materials were launched online and available to the public with the aim to target high school coaches. We collected online surveys from 90 participants including coaches and parents of high school female athletes and found a lack of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in preventing the triad. By educating coaches and providing the tools for prevention, we hypothesize that coaches can play a large role in the prevention of the triad among high school athletes and help to keep our student athletes healthy and performing well in school and sports.

Inom finansbranschen är det vanligt att affärsrelationer är uppbyggda av tre företag. Sådana typer av relationer kan benämnas som trepartsförhållanden. Trepartsförhållanden skiljer sig från affärsrelationer bestående av två parter på så vis att samtliga relationer inom förhållandet påverkar varandra och att det således finns risker på grund av detta. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka potentiella risker som kan uppstå när en av affärsrelationerna inom ett trepartsförhållande stärks. Trepartsförhållandena består av en Fondkommission som skapar strukturerade produkter, två olika rådgivningsbolag och två slutkunder i form av ett investmentbolag och en fastighetsbyrå. Genom studien identifieras tre potentiella risker med att stärka en av affärsrelationerna inom trepartsförhållandet. 1) Otydliga roller kan uppstå inom trepartsförhållandet, 2) Rådgivningsbolagen upplevs trängas ut ur trepartsförhållandet och 3) Slutkunderna kan uppleva ett missnöje då en starkare relation inte är önskad.

The purpose of this collective case study was to examine the perceptions of reflective dialogue by members of two student teaching triads. The triads each consisted of a music student teacher, cooperating teacher, and college supervisor. The data was gathered over fourteen weeks through recorded reflective sessions, participant journals, and a group interview session. The research questions were: What are the student teaching triad members' perceptions of the nature and use of intentional reflective dialogue during the music student teaching experience? What are each of the student teaching triad members' perceptions of his or her role in engaging in intentional reflective dialogue? Five themes emerged after an analysis of the data: conversations, feedback, relationships, self-realization and mentoring. The use of intentional reflective dialogue within the student teaching triad aids in the professional and personal growth of the pre-service music teacher by providing a vehicle through which the student teacher can explore her feelings about her teaching experiences. The conclusions suggest that student teachers place great value on the reflective conversations and that growth in the student teachers occurs as a result of consistent intentional reflective dialogue.

The Dark Triad constructs – Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism – are typically associated with socially aversive behaviours, including insensitivity and exploitation. Despite this, individuals high in Dark Triad traits can be successful and popular outside of clinical and forensic contexts. Research suggests that individuals susceptible to exploitation possess traits signalling vulnerability, and Dark Triad individuals are adept at identifying these when choosing victims. Language is also known to reveal traces of Dark Triad characteristics. This project examined patterns of interpersonal perception among Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, with the aim to highlight similarities and differences across the three traits. Three studies explored these traits and the ways they manifest in social contexts. Study 1 investigated the extent to which perceptions of individuals high in Dark Triad traits accurately correspond to personality, emotional attributes, and vulnerability within their targets for manipulation. The cues they use for their judgements were considered. Participants who completed Dark Triad measures watched four video clips of dyadic interactions. Results indicated that Dark Triad individuals demonstrated a negative–other bias, whereby they generally perceived all targets as being vulnerable. Study 2 examined the characteristics of individuals who seemingly condone and abet Dark Triad individuals. Results showed that predictors of vulnerability included low extraversion, low conscientiousness, high neuroticism, and high agreeableness. The vignette method was used to elicit perceptions towards Dark Triad behaviours. Response styles on Likert-type statements and open-ended questions between high and low vulnerability groups differed significantly; the less vulnerable were more derogatory whereas the more vulnerable were less harsh. Study 3 qualitatively assessed language as a marker of Dark Triad traits using text analysis. Case studies of individuals high on the Dark Triad scales revealed that their linguistic patterns were consistent with their respective theoretical conceptions. This mixed methods research established that the Dark Triad traits do not uniformly entail the same behavioural outcomes. It also highlighted the importance of the interactive context between the destructive and the susceptible, through which researchers can devise strategies to help organisations better manage such individuals.