In this study, the development and testing of a finite-difference model for wind-induced flow in shallow lakes, and, in particular, a new technique for improving the land--water boundary representation, are documented. The model solves nonlinear, as well as linear, versions of the two-dimensional depth-integrated shallow water equations. Finite-difference methods on rectangular grids are widely used in numerical models of environmental flows. In these models, land--water boundaries are usually approximated by a series of perpendicular line segments, which enable the impermeability condition to be easily implemented. A disadvantage of this approach is that the actual boundary is often poorly approximated, particularly in regions which have complicated coastlines, and, as a result, currents in these regions cannot be accurately predicted. A technique for improving the land--water boundary representation in finite-difference models is introduced. This technique permits the model boundary to contain diagonal line segments, in addition to the vertical and horizontal line segments used in traditional models. The new technique is based on a simple concept and can easily be included in existing finite-difference models. In order to test the new method, the linearised shallow water equations are solved numerically for oscillatory wind-driven flow in lakes with simple geometry. Predictions obtained using the new approach are compared with predictions from the traditional stepped boundary and known analytic solutions. A significant improvement in the accuracy of results is noticed when the new approach is used, particularly in currents close to shore. The increased accuracy obtained using the improved boundary representation can lead to a significant computational saving, when compared with running the rectangular grid model with smaller grid spacings. A second-order analytic solution to the nonlinear shallow water equations is developed for oscillatory wind-driven flow in a rectangular lake. Comparisons between this solution and numerical results, obtained using the traditional stepped boundary and the improved boundary, verify the finite-difference formulae used in these models, including the approximations used for the cross-advective terms close to shore. Once more, currents are predicted with greater accuracy when the new technique for representing the land--water boundary is implemented. The lake circulation model is applied to the Lower Murray Lakes, South Australia, and predicted water levels at Tauwitchere Barrage are shown to agree very well with observations. The model is then used to examine the effectiveness of two schemes that have been proposed to increase wind-induced circulation, and therefore potentially decrease salinity, in Lake Albert, demonstrating the model's use as an efficient and effective tool for analysing flow behaviour in lakes. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mathematical Sciences (Applied Mathematics), 2005.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-05-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sakamoto_mm_me_sjrp.pdf: 1055031 bytes, checksum: 056e052434fbdc7c3a9a823523adff2a (MD5) / Este trabalho mostra a utilização de algoritmo de Delaunay em domínios tridimensionais para a geração de uma malha que leva em conta a anatomia (assimetrias e estruturas internas) de um dente. Os pontos que compõem o domínio foram mapeados de cortes feitos num dente verdadeiro. O trabalho também mostra uma das formas de se aplicar o Algoritmo em domínios não convexos, considerado um dos aspectos críticos do método. Inicialmente o programa foi executado no ambiente Mathematica for Windows, mas devido à complexidade do modelo geométrico, foi feita a conversão do algoritmo para o compilador C++ For Windows sendo o Mathematica usado apenas para gerar os resultados gráficos. Os resultados obtidos nos testes realizados confirmam a eficiência do método adotado. / This study shows the use of the Delaunay algorithm in three dimensional domains for the generation of a mesh that considers the anatomy (asymmetries and internal structures) of a tooth. Some cuts in a real tooth were scanned . The study also regards a way to use the Algorithm in non convex domains, which is considered a critical feature of the method. Initially the program was executed in Mathematica for Windows enviroment, but due to the geometric model complexity, the algorithm was converted for compiler C++ for Windows, and the Mathematica was just applied for the graphic results generation. The tests results showed the efficacy of this method.

Submitted by Núcleo de Pós-Graduação Administração (npgadm@ufba.br) on 2017-08-03T18:22:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TACILLA SIQUEIRA.pdf: 1771472 bytes, checksum: 087890f16cd937ac025418bb5ff50702 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2017-08-08T00:26:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TACILLA SIQUEIRA.pdf: 1771472 bytes, checksum: 087890f16cd937ac025418bb5ff50702 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T00:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TACILLA SIQUEIRA.pdf: 1771472 bytes, checksum: 087890f16cd937ac025418bb5ff50702 (MD5) / O sistema da Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) vem, nos últimos anos, assumindo diferentes contornos em função das transformações pelas quais passa a ordem mundial contemporânea. Da crise da tradicional cooperação Norte-Sul (CNS) ao fortalecimento da cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS), inúmeras mudanças impactam e são impactadas pelos interesses, alianças, diálogos, parcerias, conflitos e contestações provenientes do emaranhado de relações entre os múltiplos atores partícipes desse sistema. Em meio a um cenário mutante, o Brasil organiza a sua política externa de cooperação para o desenvolvimento voltada, cada vez mais, para os países do Sul. Constrói, no entanto, a cooperação oficial brasileira sem efetivo diálogo com a sua sociedade civil. Assim,“espremidas” entre a crise da cooperação do Norte, de onde provêm as suas alianças históricas, e sem encontrar um espaço de participação na CSS empreendida pelo próprio país, as organizações da sociedade civil brasileira se veem desafiadas a se reorganizar e a rever o seu papel nesse sistema. O trabalho que ora se apresenta objetiva compreender, portanto, o papel das organizações da sociedade civil brasileira na cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento diante das mudanças contemporâneas do/no Norte e do/no Sul, oficiais e não institucionais, assim como analisar a sua participação neste tipo de cooperação. A tese aqui defendida é de que as inúmeras transformações contemporâneas no âmbito da cooperação internacional – no que tange à CNS e à CSS do governo brasileiro – produzem uma reconfiguração do papel das organizações da sociedade civil brasileira, em especial as autodenominadas ONGs, tornando-o cada vez mais técnico e, portanto, interferindo na sua perspectiva militante e de participação política. Por fim, ilustra-se o argumento desta tese com um estudo sobre a relação entre o Grupo de Apoio à Prevenção à Aids da Bahia (Gapa-Bahia) e a cooperação internacional, que transita da recepção da ajuda do Norte à socialização de expertise para o Sul. / In recent years, the International Cooperation for Development (ICD) system has been taking different contours due to the transformations in the contemporary world order. From the crisis in the traditional North-South cooperation (NSC) to the strengthening of South-South cooperation (SSC), numerous changes impact and are impacted by the interests, alliances,dialogues, partnerships, conflicts and disputes arising from the mix of relationships among multiple active actors within this system. Amid this changing scenario, Brazil has been organizing its foreign policy agendas in the field of development cooperation in a way that is increasingly oriented towards Southern countries. However, the Brazilian official cooperation is not rooted in an effective dialogue with civil society. Thus, “squeezed” between the crisis of NSC with which civil society organizations have tied historical alliances, on one side, and without finding a real opportunity to participate in SSC undertaken by the Brazilian government, on the other, Brazil’s civil society organizations find themselves challenged to regroup and review their role in this system. The research presented here aims, therefore, to understand the role of Brazilian civil society organizations in ICD (both NSC and SSC), be it official or non-institutional, as well as to analyze their involvement in the system. This thesis advocates that many contemporary transformations in the context of ICD produce a reconfiguration in the role of Brazilian civil society organizations, especially those widely known as NGOs, making their function increasingly more technical and therefore interfering in their activist and political participation perspectives. Finally, the argument is illustrated by a case study on the relationship between the Support Group for AIDS Prevention in Bahia(GAPA-Bahia) and ICD; in fact, GAPA’s role evolves from aid receiver from the North to a provider of expertise to the South.

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) är en teknik för att samla in data om terräng. Genom att använda dessa data kan man skapa olika terrängmodeller. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur olika procentuella reduceringar av ursprungsdata påverkar kvalitén hos genererade höjdmodeller i form av Triangular Irregular Network (TIN). Detta görs genom att med hjälp av statistiska metoder göra jämförelser mellan punkter i den genererade TIN modellen och motsvarande punkter i det ursprungliga LIDAR punktmolnet. Studien visar att, beroende på noggrannhetskrav och topografi, en så liten andel som 5 % av punkterna kan vara tillräckligt, samt att noggrannhetsförbättring vid användning av mer än 50 % av ursprungsdata inte kan motivera den ökade arbetsbelastningen för datahantering.

Some boundary value problems yield anisotropic solutions, e.g. solutions with boundary layers. If such problems are to be solved with the finite element method (FEM), anisotropically refined meshes can be advantageous. In order to construct these meshes or to control the error one aims at reliable error estimators. For isotropic meshes such estimators are known but they fail when applied to anisotropic meshes. Rectangular (or cuboidal) anisotropic meshes were already investigated. In this paper an error estimator is presented for tetrahedral or triangular meshes which offer a much greater geometrical flexibility.

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The aim of this research is to construct a biblical theology of social justice drawn specifically from the book of Amos. This is done on the basis of rhetorical analysis. The use of rhetorical analysis is considered to correspond with the genre of the selected texts analyzed (Am 2:6-8; 5:1-17; and 8:4-6), which are mostly rhetorical and relates to the issue of social justice in nature. The rhetorical criticism used in this research combines both diachronic and synchronic approaches, and consists of several steps such as dividing the rhetorical units, finding rhetorical situations, drawing rhetorical inventions, describing rhetorical dispositions and identifying rhetorical techniques. The analysis shows that the prophet Amos used a wide variety of literary devices to persuade his audience, the people of Israel, such as chiasm, rhetorical entrapment, oracle against the nations (OAN), N + 1 formula, inclusion and progression, woe oracle, dirge or lament, wordplay, hymn, wisdom techniques, imagery, sevenfold structure, cause-effect form of speech and “quoting what the accused have said.” These primary devices are utilized in the context or in the imagery of a courtroom. In this connection, Amos used the epideictic, judicial and deliberative rhetoric in order to bring his audience to the “divine court” for the religious and social sins that they have committed. These rhetorical devices function as a means of exposing a theological intention of the utterances of Amos, which is establishing justice in the land of Israel. The message of social justice is mainly based on the covenantal relationship between YHWH and his people, as seen in traditions of creation and redemption in the Old Testament, particularly in the Torah (the codes of law) and the former prophetic writings. The covenant calls for God’s people to love YHWH and to act socially just toward other fellow human beings. As a concept, this research proposes a triangular relational model. YHWH, as the theological angle must be independent, and his people, either the powerful (the political angle) or the powerless (the social angle), are dependent on him. Meanwhile, the powerful and the powerless are interdependent with each other. Keeping a balanced relationship among the angles means manifesting the ideal state of social justice in the land. This research shows that the covenant was broken by the Israelites when the powerful disobeyed YHWH and did social injustices toward other human beings. The powerful became independent both toward YHWH and the powerless. As a result, YHWH took responsibility and action to keep his covenant, and called his rebellious people back into repentance and obedience. In other words, justice must be maintained in the land of Israel. Such a divine decision was carried out in the context of the day of Lord (DOL), a day of either judgment or salvation. The option of death and life are offered to be chosen by the powerful. However, God’s people deliberately choose death, and, consequently, their end is near. YHWH himself definitely will defeat and exile them by using the mighty army of Assyria. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

Arevalo Salas, Amanda Valeria. THE TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LATIN AMERICA - UNITED STATES - CHINA: WHAT STRATEGIC CHOICES DOES LATIN AMERICA FACE?. Master Thesis (Mgr.). Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Abstract In recent years, China has increased its influence in Latin America. This expansion can be considered as uncomfortable for the United States because China could displace its historical hegemonic position in the region. By analyzing the role of integration blocks and interest groups, the development of relations of Latin America with China and the United States, risks and uncertainties, this paper will provide possible scenarios for the development of relations between Latin America, China and the United States and it will describe strategies for Latin America to take advantage of the opportunities that may arise.

A novel process for low-temperature (LT) epitaxial growth of silicon carbide (SiC) by replacing the growth precursor propane with chloro-methane was recently developed at Mississippi State University. However, only limited information was available about the defects and impurity incorporation in the various types of epitaxial layers produced by this new method like blanket epitaxial layers, selectively grown epitaxial mesas, and highly doped epitaxial layers, prior to their comprehensive characterization in this work. Molten potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching, mechanical polishing and a variety of other characterizing techniques were used to delineate and identify the defects both in the epilayer and substrates. Under optimum growth conditions, the concentration of defects in the epitaxial layers was found to be less than that in the substrate, which established the good quality of the LT growth process. Defect concentrations, on selectively grown epitaxial layers, strongly depended on the crystallographic orientation of the mesa sidewall. The addition of HCl to the growth process, aimed at increasing the growth rate, caused a significant concentration of triangular defects (TDs) to be formed in the epitaxial layers. The TDs were traced down to the substrate by a combination of repeated polishing and molten KOH etching steps. The TDs were found not to originate from any substrate defects. Their origin was traced to polycrystalline silicon islands which form on the surface during growth and subsequently get evaporated away, which had made it impossible to detect them and suspect their influence on the TD generation prior to this work. The TDs were found to include single or multiple stacking faults bound by partial dislocations and, in some cases, inclusions of other SiC polytypes. Gradual degradation of the epitaxial morphology was found in heavily aluminum doped p+ layers, with an increase in the level of doping, followed by much steeper degradation when approaching the solubility limit of Al in 4H-SiC. Precipitates were the dominating defect at the highest levels of doping and were observed beyond a doping of 3.5x1020 cm-3. A dislocation generation model for heavily doped epitaxial layers was developed accounting for the stress in the lattice caused by Al doping.

An experimental investigation was performed to ascertain the nature of turbulence in a narrow apex angle isosceles triangular duct. The study involved the design and construction of a low noise, low turbulence wind tunnel that had an isosceles triangular test section with an apex angle of 11.5[degrees]. Experiments involved the measurement of velocity fluctuations using hot wire anemometry and wall pressure fluctuations using a condenser microphone. Measurement of the velocity fluctuations reconfirms the coexistence of laminar and turbulent regions at a given cross section for a range of Reynolds numbers. The laminar region is concentrated closer to the apex while the turbulent region is found closer to the base. The point of transition is a function of the Reynolds number and moves closer to the apex as the flow rate is increased. Moreover, it was found in this investigation that traditional scaling of the turbulent statistical quantities do not hold good in this geometry. Although velocity fluctuations showed distinctive flow regimes, no such distinction could be seen in the dynamic wall pressure data. The nature of the dynamic wall pressure was uniform throughout the entire cross section suggesting that wall pressure fluctuations, unlike the velocity fluctuations, are able to travel from the base to the apex, without being damped. This implies that the relationship between the velocity and the pressure fluctuations applicable in the other systems does not hold well in a narrow apex angle isosceles triangular duct. Further, the typical scaling relationships applied to wall pressure spectra of other geometries doesn't apply in this scenario and the ratio of the RMS pressure fluctuation to the mean shear is much higher compared to a flat plate or pipe flow situation.