This study investigated how Grade 11 learners from a school in KwaNdengezi, near Pinetown, in Durban, understood the cosine function with software known as The Geometer’s Sketchpad. This was done on the basis of what they had learnt in Grade 10. The timing was just before they had covered the topic again in their current grade. The researcher hoped, by using The Geometer’s Sketchpad, to contribute in some small way to teaching and learning methods that are applicable to the subject. This may also, hopefully, assist and motivate both teachers and learners to attempt to recreate similar learning experiences in their schools with the same or similar content and concepts appropriate to them. In this research project, data came from learners through task-based interviews and questionnaires. The school was chosen because of the uniqueness of activities in most African schools and because it was easily accessible. Most learners do not have access to computers both in school and at home. This somehow alienates them from modern learning trends. They also, in many occasions, find it difficult to grasp the knowledge they receive in class since the medium of instruction is English, a second language to them. Another reason is the nature of the teaching and learning process that prevails in such schools. The Primary Education Upgrading Programme, according to Taylor and Vinjevold (1999), found out that African learners would mostly listen to their teacher through-out the lesson. Predominantly, the classroom interaction pattern consists of oral input by teachers where learners occasionally chant in response. This shows that questions are asked to check on their attentiveness and that tasks are oriented towards information acquisition rather than higher cognitive skills. They tend to resort to memorisation. Despite the fact that trigonometry is one of the topics learners find most challenging, it is nonetheless very important as it has a lot of applications. The technique of triangulation, which is used in astronomy to measure the distance to nearby stars, is one of the most important ones. In geography, distances between landmarks are measured using trigonometry. It is also used in satellite navigation systems. Trigonometry has proved to be valuable to global positioning systems. Besides astronomy, financial markets analysis, electronics, probability theory, and medical imaging (CAT scans and ultrasound), are other fields which make use of trigonometry. A study by Blackett and Tall (1991), states that when trigonometry is introduced, most learners find it difficult to make head or tail out of it. Typically, in trigonometry, pictures of triangles are aligned to numerical relationships. Learners are expected to understand ratios such as Cos A= adjacent/hypotenuse. A dynamic approach might have the potential to change this as it allows the learner to manipulate the diagram and see how its changing state is related to the corresponding numerical concepts. The learner is thus free to focus on relationships that are of prime importance, called the principle of selective construction (Blackett & Tall, 1991). It was along this thought pattern that the study was carried-out. Given a self-exploration opportunity within The Geometers' Sketchpad, the study investigated learners' understanding of the cosine function from their Grade 10 work in all four quadrants to check on: * What understanding did learners develop of the Cosine function as a function of an angle in Grade 10? * What intuitions and misconceptions did learners acquire in Grade 10? * Do learners display a greater understanding of the Cosine function when using Sketchpad? In particular, * As a ratio of sides of a right-angled triangle? * As a functional relationship between input and output values and as depicted in graphs? The use of Sketchpad was not only a successful and useful activity for learners but also proved to be an appropriate tool for answering the above questions. It also served as a learning tool besides being time-saving in time-consuming activities like sketching graphs. At the end, there was great improvement in terms of marks in the final test as compared to the initial one which was the control yard stick. However, most importantly, the use of a computer in this research revealed some errors and misconceptions in learners’ mathematics. The learners had anticipated the ratios of sides to change when the radius of the unit circle did but they discovered otherwise. In any case, errors and misconceptions are can be understood as a spontaneous result of learner's efforts to come up with their own knowledge. According to Olivier (1989), these misconceptions are intelligent constructions based on correct or incomplete (but not wrong) previous knowledge. Olivier (1989) also argues that teachers should be able to predict the errors learners would typically make. They should explain how and why learners make these errors and help learners to correct such misconceptions. In the analysis of the learners' understanding, correct understandings, as well as misconceptions in their mathematics were exposed. There also arose some cognitive conflicts that helped learners to reconstruct their conceptions. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-10-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000733617.pdf: 4195351 bytes, checksum: 7d91056856d77ea24149c4fee8096df7 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma abordagem no ensino de trigonometria desde o 9 ano do ensino fundamental até o final do ensino médio, respeitando o currículo básico da matemática e o nível de aprofundamento do conteúdo de acordo com a faixa etária dos estudantes. Para isso, são apresentadas atividades para serem aplicadas em sala de aula de modo que os alunos participem da formação e construção do conteúdo com ênfase nas aplicações e nos contextos históricos, contando com o auxílio de softwares matemáticos / This study aims at proposing a new approach to the teaching trigonometry starting at 9th grade in elementary school to senior year in high school, taking into account the basic Mathematics syllabus and the degree of difficulty of the topics studied concerning the age group the students belong to. In order to achieve that goal, this study presents activities to be used in classroom so that the students are active in the building and construction of content, emphasizing its real use and its historical context, with the support of mathematical software

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5151.pdf: 1870077 bytes, checksum: b3c048db3e8a66812c70cd6bd0b65bf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-23 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work is a math lesson on the triangle trigonometric ratios, using analysis of access ramps for people with special needs mobility. The mathematical content designed to be taught in grade 8/9 years of elementary school, according to the teaching experience of a teacher who devised and applied that lesson, there used to be presented to students in a way that justified the understanding it. This observation led to the idealization of a classroom where students participate in an active construction of knowledge and context. Students were led to reflect on the inclusion of people with special needs in today's society and to examine the access ramps of the school they attend, comparing your measurements with the Brazilian standard ABNT governing accessibility in buildings and structures. From the analysis of these ramps have been developing activities in order to build the concept of sine, cosine and tangent in rightangled triangle and attach to these concepts, meanings. They are extremely interested throughout the development of the work, which was completed fulfilling the objectives / Esse trabalho trata de uma aula de matemática sobre as razões trigonométricas no triângulo retângulo, através de análise de rampas de acesso para pessoas com necessidades especiais de locomoção. O conteúdo matemático planejado para ser ensinado na 8ª série/ 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de acordo com a experiência docente da professora que idealizou e aplicou a referida aula, não costumava ser apresentado aos alunos de forma que os motivassem a compreendêlo. Essa observação motivou a idealização de uma aula onde os alunos participassem de forma ativa da construção e contextualização do conhecimento. Os alunos foram levados a refletir sobre a inclusão de pessoas com necessidades especiais na sociedade atual e a analisarem as rampas de acesso da escola que frequentam, comparando suas medidas com a norma brasileira da ABNT que regulamenta a acessibilidade em prédios e construções. A partir da análise dessas rampas, foram desenvolvendo atividades com a finalidade de construírem o conceito de seno, cosseno e tangente no triângulo retângulo e atribuírem a estes conceitos, significados. Mostraram-se muito interessados durante todo o desenvolvimento do trabalho, o qual foi concluído cumprindo os objetivos propostos.

abstract: Teachers must recognize the knowledge they possess as appropriate to employ in the process of achieving their goals and objectives in the context of practice. Such recognition is subject to a host of cognitive and affective processes that have thus far not been a central focus of research on teacher knowledge in mathematics education. To address this need, this dissertation study examined the role of a secondary mathematics teacher’s image of instructional constraints on his enacted subject matter knowledge. I collected data in three phases. First, I conducted a series of task-based clinical interviews that allowed me to construct a model of David’s mathematical knowledge of sine and cosine functions. Second, I conducted pre-lesson interviews, collected journal entries, and examined David’s instruction to characterize the mathematical knowledge he utilized in the context of designing and implementing lessons. Third, I conducted a series of semi-structured clinical interviews to identify the circumstances David appraised as constraints on his practice and to ascertain the role of these constraints on the quality of David’s enacted subject matter knowledge. My analysis revealed that although David possessed many productive ways of understanding that allowed him to engage students in meaningful learning experiences, I observed discrepancies between and within David’s mathematical knowledge and his enacted mathematical knowledge. These discrepancies were not occasioned by David’s active compensation for the circumstances and events he appraised as instructional constraints, but instead resulted from David possessing multiple schemes for particular ideas related to trigonometric functions, as well as from his unawareness of the mental actions and operations that comprised these often powerful but uncoordinated cognitive schemes. This lack of conscious awareness made David ill-equipped to define his instructional goals in terms of the mental activity in which he intended his students to engage, which further conditioned the circumstances and events he appraised as constraints on his practice. David’s image of instructional constraints therefore did not affect his enacted subject matter knowledge. Rather, characteristics of David’s subject matter knowledge, namely his uncoordinated cognitive schemes and his unawareness of the mental actions and operations that comprise them, affected his image of instructional constraints. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mathematics Education 2015

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-04T16:08:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4163313 bytes, checksum: e17d5ff7ad23d2c3b4250fd9d7cf56dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-09-05T11:04:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4163313 bytes, checksum: e17d5ff7ad23d2c3b4250fd9d7cf56dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T11:04:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4163313 bytes, checksum: e17d5ff7ad23d2c3b4250fd9d7cf56dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Will be studied in this paper forms to calculate distances between inaccessible points using trigonometry concepts and definitions , spatial analytic geometry and spherical geometry . It will also be presented a historical approach to the main mathematical thinkers of ancient Greece. Still will be presented during the work settings , theorems and applications of the above themes. / Serão estudadas neste trabalho formas de calcular distâncias entre pontos inacessíveis, utilizando conceitos e definições de trigonometria, geometria analítica espacial e geometria esférica. Também será apresentada uma abordagem histórica dos principais pensadores matemáticos da antiga Grécia. Ainda serão apresentados no decorrer do trabalho definições, teoremas e aplicações dos temas acima citados.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:00:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1695298 bytes, checksum: eb0eea0668d21ba1373ad1a2f002c072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are many challenges that teaching and in particular the teaching of mathematics requires us today. Our work was done in view of present teachers and high school students an alter- native to the teaching of these subjects. Initially developed some considerations on teaching trigonometry, the intended objectives, target audience definition, methodological considerations and possible consequences of the same. Then the paper presents a theoretical synthesis of the subjects studied, relating algebraic situations with their graphic representations. For the application of the subject in the classroom has produced a guide to assist the student and the teacher in this task was eleborado the Teacher's Guide. This material seeks to offer learners conditions progressiver construct their learning and teachers the opportunity to address the issue differently and add to the high school study of Trigonometric Polynomials, with emphasis on building your graphics programs using dynamic geometry and note that changes in various parameters provide the respective graphs. It is worth mentioning that the proposed teaching presented is suggested as an intermediate situation between the Teaching of Trigonometry and Complex Numbers made in our schools and the most advanced processes trigonometric interpolation and Fourier series, respectively. / São muitos os desafios que o ensino e, em especial, o ensino de matemática impõe nos dia de hoje. Nosso trabalho foi elaborado na perspectiva de apresentar a professores e alunos do Ensino Médio uma alternativa para o ensino desses temas. Inicialmente foram elaborados algumas considerações sobre o ensino de trigonometria, os objetivos pretendidos, definição do público alvo, considerações metodológicas e possíveis desdobramentos do mesmo. Em seguida o trabalho apresenta uma síntese teórica dos assuntos estudados, relacionando situações algébricas com suas representações gráficas. Para a aplicação do tema em sala de aula foi elaborado um Guia do Aluno e para auxiliar o professor nesta tarefa foi eleborado o Guia do Professor. Este material procura oferecer ao educando condições de construir progressivamente a sua aprendizagem e aos professores a oportunidade de abordar o tema de forma diferenciada e de agregar ao Ensino Médio o estudo dos Polinômios Trigonométricos, com ênfase na construção de seus gráficos usando programas de geometria dinâmica e a observação que as mudanças nos diversos parâmetros proporcionam nos respectivos gráficos. Vale ressaltar que a proposta de ensino apresentada é sugerida como uma situação intermediária entre o Ensino de Trigonometria e Números Complexos realizados em nossas escolas e, respectivamente, os processos mais avançados de interpolação trigonométrica e as séries de Fourier, respectivamente.

Este trabalho objetiva contextualizar o estudo da Trigonometria em situações reais da Agropecuária para que os estudantes atribuam mais sentido para a aprendizagem dos conceitos. Os fatores que contribuíram para a escolha deste tema foram as dificuldades observadas na compreensão de conceitos da Trigonometria, ao ministrar este conteúdo no 2º ano do curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado ao Ensino Médio. O referencial teórico que subsidia a pesquisa é a teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel, além de autores cujas pesquisas estão relacionadas com a mesma. Foram consideradas as condições de aprendizagem, a história da Trigonometria e suas aplicações na Agropecuária, além de recursos de apoio aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática. Com base neste estudo, foram elaboradas, aplicadas e avaliadas estratégias pedagógicas, visando à aprendizagem ativa e significativa, como é o caso da Modelagem Matemática aliada às tecnologias. A partir de questionários para estudantes e professores do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado ao Ensino Médio, cuja análise qualitativa, foi realizada de acordo com Bardin (2011), foram organizadas e aplicadas duas intervenções pedagógicas com o intuito de contemplar a aprendizagem ativa e significativa. A primeira intervenção pedagógica ocorreu na disciplina de Culturas Anuais, quando foi analisado o fotoperíodo, um fenômeno periódico natural que influencia nas culturas agrícolas. Para esta, a estratégia utilizada foi a Modelagem Matemática aliada aos recursos tecnológicos (software Geogebra). A segunda intervenção pedagógica ocorreu na disciplina de Topografia, quando foi realizada uma prática de campo, em que foram efetuadas várias medições em áreas rurais, e utilizadas as razões trigonométricas para o cálculo de distâncias. O produto deste trabalho é um site, onde está disponível uma lista de situações-problema contextualizados de Trigonometria. Concluiu-se que as estratégias propostas, por meio de situações do contexto da Agropecuária, contribuíram para que os estudantes envolvidos consigam atribuir sentido aos conceitos de Trigonometria, declarando-se com melhores condições de analisar e intervir no mundo real e demonstrando sentimentos e opiniões favoráveis sobre Trigonometria. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-02-10T18:38:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Derli Santos da Silva.pdf: 3892505 bytes, checksum: 1d0ad24438a6327d370802c2dbc3ae91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T18:38:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Derli Santos da Silva.pdf: 3892505 bytes, checksum: 1d0ad24438a6327d370802c2dbc3ae91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-10 / This work aims to contextualize the study of trigonometry in real situations of Agriculture so that students can view the application of the concepts of trigonometry. The factor that contributed to this choice were the difficulties encountered in understanding concepts of trigonometry, by teaching this content in the 2nd year of the Technical Course in Integrated Agriculture to High School. The theoretical framework that supports the research is the theory of meaningful learning of David Ausubel, and authors whose research is related to the same. Were considered the conditions of learning in general about the history of trigonometry and applications in Agriculture, and support resources to teaching and learning of mathematics. Based on this study were developed, implemented and evaluated pedagogical strategies, aimed at active and meaningful learning, such as the Mathematical Modeling coupled with technologies. From questionnaires given to students and teachers of the course, the qualitative analysis was performed according to Bardin (2011), were organized and implemented two pedagogical interventions in order to contemplate the active and meaningful learning. The first pedagogical intervention occurred in the course of annual crops, when we analyzed the photoperiod, a natural periodic phenomenon that influences in agriculture. For this, the strategy used was the mathematical modeling coupled with technological resources (Geogebra software). The second pedagogical intervention occurred in the Topography course, when a practice field was performed, where several measurements were made in rural areas, and used the trigonometric ratios for calculating distances. The product of this work is a website where it is available, a list of contextualized problem situations about trigonometry in agriculture. It was concluded that the strategies proposed, through situations in the context of Agriculture, helped the students involved to give meaning to the concepts of Trigonometry, declaring themselves better able to analyze and intervene in the real world and showing favorable feelings and opinions About Trigonometry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SuzanyCSM_DISSERT.pdf: 2377478 bytes, checksum: 34ffe02b26d26b4576d6f1c6a12d2199 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-31 / This study is qualitative, including literature search and preparation of teaching materials. Your goal is to report the study of geometric problems of character presented in the application of trigonometry and work on the preparation of detailed activities that help in overcoming these difficulties. For this, we read some papers on teaching and learning of trigonometry in order to identify the difficulties encountered during their journey. Then separate the geometric difficulties of character and prepare a list of geometric content and procedures associated with them. Thus, we can organize a notebook with activities that would address most of these concepts. Finally we present the specification of activities called Activity on introductory concepts to the study of trigonometry / Este trabalho tem car?ter qualitativo, incluindo pesquisa bibliogr?fica e elabora??o de material did?tico. Seu objetivo ? relatar o estudo das dificuldades de car?ter geom?trico apresentadas na aplica??o de trabalhos de trigonometria e relatar a elabora??o de um caderno de atividades que ajudem na supera??o dessas dificuldades. Para isso, fizemos a leitura de alguns trabalhos sobre o ensino e aprendizagem de trigonometria com a finalidade de identificar as dificuldades surgidas durante o seu percurso. Em seguida, separamos as dificuldades de car?ter geom?trico e elaboramos uma lista dos conte?dos geom?tricos e procedimentos associados a elas. Assim, pudemos organizar um caderno com atividades que abordasse a maioria desses conceitos. Por fim apresentamos o caderno de atividades denominado Atividades sobre os conceitos introdut?rios ao estudo de trigonometria

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-10-23T11:59:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Francisco Adeilton da Silva.pdf: 66405861 bytes, checksum: 0cbbb4a4394729d284fca3d6c7682f41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-10-26T16:54:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Francisco Adeilton da Silva.pdf: 66405861 bytes, checksum: 0cbbb4a4394729d284fca3d6c7682f41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T16:54:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Francisco Adeilton da Silva.pdf: 66405861 bytes, checksum: 0cbbb4a4394729d284fca3d6c7682f41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / This study discusses the pedagogical potentialities of the History of Mathematics in the textbooks of High School in the content of Trigonometry. It is important to analyze the historical passages in the content of Trigonometry in the textbooks of High School, from the categories of meanings proposed by Alencar (2014) and of the pedagogical potentialities of the History of Mathematics, pointed out by Miguel (1993), and to verify which of the pedagogical potentialities of the History of Mathematics identified in textbooks have the potential to be more effective for the teaching of mathematics. It is characterized as a research of a qualitative nature in order to ascertain aspects regarding the nature of the content and the objective of the historical passages, describing the fundamental characteristics that made it possible to classify them according to the pedagogical potentialities of the History of Mathematics. The data were constructed from the analysis of the historical passages in the content of Trigonometry in the six textbooks of mathematics of the second year of High School, approved by PNLD 2015. Before the analysis, we observe that the History of Mathematics is used as an accessory to the mathematical content. Most of the historical passages extol the contribution or discovery of an important personality in the History of Mathematics, revealing as a pedagogical potential the history as a source of motivation and objectives for teaching-learning of mathematics, which seems to be the least interesting Understanding of mathematical concepts. The potentialities that treat the History of Mathematics as didactic strategy were identified in a reduced portion of historical passages. These potentialities should be further explored, since they contribute to a change of perception in relation to mathematics, they enable the demystification of mathematics as an isolated and finished science, as they show the motivations and applications of mathematical concepts in history. Another aspect revealed is that, in consonance with the literature, the potentiality "History as an instrument in the formalization of mathematical concepts" (MIGUEL, 1993), as having the potential to be more effective for teaching mathematics, plays The role of transforming the student into an active subject, leading him to an understanding of the content and the formalization of mathematical concepts. We observed a certain interest in using the History of Mathematics in the textbooks analyzed. However, we realize that this use should focus more on the pedagogical potentialities that deal with the importance of a mathematical concept throughout history that inserts the History of Mathematics within a sociocultural, political and economic context, contributing to the teaching- Learning and for a change of perception regarding Mathematics. We conclude that in the process of choosing the textbook, the teacher needs, besides the evaluation criteria of the PNLD, to find out which collections approach the History of Mathematics as a didactic resource. Which collections reveal the historical development of the content, evidencing its origin, evolution and the different formalizations of the same concept over time. / Este estudo discute as potencialidades pedagógicas da História da Matemática nos livros didáticos do Ensino Médio no conteúdo de Trigonometria. Com o objetivo de analisar as passagens históricas no conteúdo de Trigonometria nos livros didáticos do Ensino Médio, a partir das categorias de sentidos propostas por Alencar (2014) e das potencialidades pedagógicas da História da Matemática, apontadas por Miguel (1993); verificar quais das potencialidades pedagógicas da História da Matemática identificadas nos livros didáticos têm o potencial de ser mais efetiva para o ensino da matemática. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa com o intuito de aferir aspectos quanto à natureza do conteúdo veiculado e quanto ao objetivo das passagens históricas, descrevendo as características fundamentais que possibilitaram classificá-las de acordo com as potencialidades pedagógicas da História da Matemática. Os dados foram construídos a partir da análise das passagens históricas no conteúdo de Trigonometria nos seis livros didáticos de matemática do segundo ano do Ensino Médio, aprovados pelo PNLD 2015. Diante das análises, observamos que a História da Matemática é utilizada como acessório ao conteúdo matemático. A maioria das passagens históricas enaltece a contribuição ou descoberta de uma personalidade importante na História da Matemática, revelando como potencialidade pedagógica a história como fonte de motivação e de objetivos para o ensino-aprendizagem da matemática, que parece ser a potencialidade menos interessante do ponto de vista da compreensão de conceitos matemáticos. As potencialidades que tratam a História da Matemática como estratégia didática foram identificadas em uma parcela reduzida de passagens históricas. Essas potencialidades deveriam ser mais exploradas, visto que contribuem para uma mudança de percepção em relação à matemática, possibilitam a desmistificação da mesma como uma ciência isolada e acabada, à medida que mostram as motivações e aplicações de conceitos matemáticos na história. Outro aspecto desvelado consiste que, em consonância com a literatura, a potencialidade ―A história como um veiculado fundamentais e quanto que ao objetivo possibilitaram das passagens históricas, classificá-las descrevendo acordo as as de com instrumento na formalização de conceitos matemáticos” (MIGUEL, 1993), como a que tem potencial de ser mais efetiva para o ensino da matemática, por desempenhar o papel de transformar o aluno em um sujeito ativo, levando-o à compreensão do conteúdo e à formalização de conceitos matemáticos. Observamos um certo interesse em utilizar a História da Matemática nos livros didáticos analisados. Porém, percebemos que essa utilização deve centrar-se mais nas potencialidades pedagógicas que tratam da importância de um conceito matemático ao longo da história, que insere a História da Matemática dentro de um contexto sociocultural, político e econômico, contribuindo para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e para uma mudança de percepção em relação à Matemática. Concluímos que no processo de escolha do livro didático, o professor precisa, além dos critérios de avaliação do PNLD, averiguar quais coleções abordam a História da Matemática como um recurso didático, que revelam o desenvolvimento histórico do conteúdo, evidenciando sua origem, evolução e as diferentes formalizações de um mesmo conceito ao longo do tempo.

Este trabalho objetiva contextualizar o estudo da Trigonometria em situações reais da Agropecuária para que os estudantes atribuam mais sentido para a aprendizagem dos conceitos. Os fatores que contribuíram para a escolha deste tema foram as dificuldades observadas na compreensão de conceitos da Trigonometria, ao ministrar este conteúdo no 2º ano do curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado ao Ensino Médio. O referencial teórico que subsidia a pesquisa é a teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel, além de autores cujas pesquisas estão relacionadas com a mesma. Foram consideradas as condições de aprendizagem, a história da Trigonometria e suas aplicações na Agropecuária, além de recursos de apoio aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática. Com base neste estudo, foram elaboradas, aplicadas e avaliadas estratégias pedagógicas, visando à aprendizagem ativa e significativa, como é o caso da Modelagem Matemática aliada às tecnologias. A partir de questionários para estudantes e professores do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado ao Ensino Médio, cuja análise qualitativa, foi realizada de acordo com Bardin (2011), foram organizadas e aplicadas duas intervenções pedagógicas com o intuito de contemplar a aprendizagem ativa e significativa. A primeira intervenção pedagógica ocorreu na disciplina de Culturas Anuais, quando foi analisado o fotoperíodo, um fenômeno periódico natural que influencia nas culturas agrícolas. Para esta, a estratégia utilizada foi a Modelagem Matemática aliada aos recursos tecnológicos (software Geogebra). A segunda intervenção pedagógica ocorreu na disciplina de Topografia, quando foi realizada uma prática de campo, em que foram efetuadas várias medições em áreas rurais, e utilizadas as razões trigonométricas para o cálculo de distâncias. O produto deste trabalho é um site, onde está disponível uma lista de situações-problema contextualizados de Trigonometria. Concluiu-se que as estratégias propostas, por meio de situações do contexto da Agropecuária, contribuíram para que os estudantes envolvidos consigam atribuir sentido aos conceitos de Trigonometria, declarando-se com melhores condições de analisar e intervir no mundo real e demonstrando sentimentos e opiniões favoráveis sobre Trigonometria. / This work aims to contextualize the study of trigonometry in real situations of Agriculture so that students can view the application of the concepts of trigonometry. The factor that contributed to this choice were the difficulties encountered in understanding concepts of trigonometry, by teaching this content in the 2nd year of the Technical Course in Integrated Agriculture to High School. The theoretical framework that supports the research is the theory of meaningful learning of David Ausubel, and authors whose research is related to the same. Were considered the conditions of learning in general about the history of trigonometry and applications in Agriculture, and support resources to teaching and learning of mathematics. Based on this study were developed, implemented and evaluated pedagogical strategies, aimed at active and meaningful learning, such as the Mathematical Modeling coupled with technologies. From questionnaires given to students and teachers of the course, the qualitative analysis was performed according to Bardin (2011), were organized and implemented two pedagogical interventions in order to contemplate the active and meaningful learning. The first pedagogical intervention occurred in the course of annual crops, when we analyzed the photoperiod, a natural periodic phenomenon that influences in agriculture. For this, the strategy used was the mathematical modeling coupled with technological resources (Geogebra software). The second pedagogical intervention occurred in the Topography course, when a practice field was performed, where several measurements were made in rural areas, and used the trigonometric ratios for calculating distances. The product of this work is a website where it is available, a list of contextualized problem situations about trigonometry in agriculture. It was concluded that the strategies proposed, through situations in the context of Agriculture, helped the students involved to give meaning to the concepts of Trigonometry, declaring themselves better able to analyze and intervene in the real world and showing favorable feelings and opinions About Trigonometry.