Este estudo pretende levantar as influências contidas na trilogia de Folheto de Cordel de Chico de Assis. Para tanto combinou a pesquisa sobre o folheto de cordel de modo geral com o estudo da formação do Teatro de Arena, do Seminário de Dramaturgia (SEMDA) conduzido pelo então diretor do grupo Augusto Boal, ambos em São Paulo e, a fundação do CPC da UNE no Rio de Janeiro. O autor, além de ter passado por todas essas atividades como integrante ativo, escreveu os três textos durante esses período (1954-1964). Foi também levantado o aproveitamento das propostas contidas no teatro épico de Brecht, utilizadas nos dois primeiros textos da trilogia; O Teatamento do Cangaceiro e As Aventuras de Ripió Lacraia e, por fim o levantamento das características do terceiro texto, a comédia de costumes Farsa com Cangaceiro, truco e Padre (Xandú Quaresma), todos esses elementos criaram um referencial possível para a análise da trilogia, que vai dos nomes dos episódios à função da música no trabalho de entrelaçamento das peças. / This survey wishes to raise the influences gained in these sustained cheap literature (Cordel) trilogy. In order to produce, it combined a survey on Brazilian cheap (Cordel) literature in general, with the formation of Teatro de Arena and the Drama seminary (SEMDA) conducted by the director of the group Augusto Boal, in São Paulo. And, studying of the settlement of the CPC- da UNE foundation (Popular Cultural Center of National Students Union) in Rio de Janeiro. The author besides passing through all these actions as an active member, created the three plays during this period (1954-!964). At last, the utilization of the purposes enclosed in Brecht epic theatre, in the first two plays; O Testamento do Cangaceiro and As Aventuras de Ripió Lacraia. Also raised the main characteristics of the third play Farsa com Cangaceiro, truco and Padre, (Xandú Quaresma). All these elements created a possible condition to analyze the trilogy, which goes from the name of the episodes to the music function interlacing the work of the plays.

No description available.

A proposta do trabalho é analisar a integração e a construção de narrativas míticas indígenas na trilogia sul-americana Amazonas, obra alemã do século XX de Alfred Döblin. Trata-se de um romance ainda pouco conhecido no Brasil, escrito entre os anos de 1935 e 1937, quando o autor esteve exilado em Paris. Naquele período, o médico e intelectual Döblin teve acesso, na Biblioteca Nacional da capital francesa, a obras etnológicas da mitologia indígena latino-americana. O nosso interesse volta-se centralmente ao estudo de como essas narrativas míticas indígenas são incorporadas na trilogia, como nela são desenvolvidas e que significações suscitam. Partindo deste viés específico, consideramos que o autor opera, sobretudo, de duas maneiras: a primeira é a incorporação de certos mitos na representação ficcional da vida dos indígenas e da forma como os mitos funcionam nessas sociedades; a segunda é a adaptação de mitos na construção da trama ficcional. Ou seja, o leitor possui uma participação dupla na narrativa mítica: como observador no nível da realidade ficcional e como receptor no nível da narrativa romanesca. Para compreender esta questão, valer-nos-emos da perspectiva que Jan Assmann (1999; 1992) traz sobre o mito, especialmente das noções de mitomotricidade fundacional e mitomotricidade contrapresente. Quanto à organização do trabalho, dividimo-o em 5 capítulos. Os três primeiros discutem os caminhos já percorridos pela crítica, o delineamento da proposta de trabalho e os pressupostos teóricos norteadores da pesquisa. O quarto capítulo realiza uma análise da integração dos mitos indígenas no primeiro livro do romance A terra sem morte (\"Amazonas\"), com algumas partes do segundo e do terceiro livro desse romance (\"O reino de Cundinamarca\", \"Las Casas e Sukuruja\") e, da parte final da trilogia, os últimos capítulos do romance A nova selva (\"No Amazonas\", \"O Grande Pai\" e o \"Tigre azul\"). A conclusão resume os resultados alcançados, constatando que a mitologia indígena é introduzida no romance de maneira complexa e atua como elemento estético que busca reconfigurar a posição do homem na natureza. O mito, da forma como é utilizado na trilogia, tem efeito \"contrapresente\" sobre os leitores e induz a uma reflexão crítica sobre o desenvolvimento da civilização humana e do seu poder destrutivo, sobretudo na primeira metade do século XX. / The proposal of the work is to analyze the integration and construction of indigenous mythical narratives in a German work of the 20th century, the South American trilogy Amazon, by Alfred Döblin. It is a novel still little known in Brazil, written between the years of 1935 and 1937, when the author was exiled in Paris. In that period, the physician and intellectual Döblin had access, at the National Library of the French capital, to ethnological works of Latin American indigenous mythology. Our interest is centered in the study of how these indigenous mythical narratives are incorporated into the trilogy, how they are developed in it and what significations they arouse. Starting from this specific bias, we consider that the author operates, above all, in two ways: the first is the incorporation of certain myths into the fictional representation of indigenous life and the way myths function in these societies; the second is the adaptation of myths in the construction of the fictional plot. That is, the reader has a dual participation in the mythical narrative: as an observer at the level of fictional reality and as a receiver at the level of the narrative. To understand this question, we will use the perspective that Jan Assmann (1999, 1992) brings about the myth, especially the notions of foundational mitomotricity and counter-present mitomotricity. As for the organization of work, we divide it into 5 chapters. The first three discuss the paths already covered by the critique, the outline of the work proposal and the theoretical assumptions guiding the research. The fourth chapter analyzes the integration of indigenous myths in the first book of the novel A terra sem morte (\"Amazonas\"), with parts of the second and third books of this novel (\"O reino de Cundinamarca\", \"Las Casas e Sukuruja\"), and from the final part of the trilogy, the last chapters of the novel A nova selva (\"No Amazonas\", \"O Grande Pai\" e o \"Tigre azul\"). The conclusion sums up the results achieved, noting that indigenous mythology is introduced in the novel in a complex way and acts as an aesthetic element that seeks to reconfigure the position of man in nature. The myth, as it is used in the trilogy, has a \"counter-present\" effect on readers and induces a critical reflection on the development of human civilization and its destructive power, especially in the first half of the twentieth century.

Esta dissertação consiste em uma leitura da Trilogia Wildcat, de Mudrooroo. O foco da leitura recai sobre as Relações de Poder e seu impacto sobre os jovens aborígines urbanos australianos. O corpus de pesquisa é formado pelos romances Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) e Doin Wildcat (1988). O objetivo é analisar os efeitos das estratégias de poder em indivíduos pós-coloniais que são sujeitos a e fazem uso de mecanismos de poder ao estabelecerem relacionamentos tanto com seus pares quanto com pessoas que representam autoridade. A discussão das relações de poder, de seus mecanismos e efeitos se dá no terreno do discurso literário, através da análise das escolhas e estratégias do autor quanto à formatação dos três romances que operam, simultaneamente, como obras de arte, como estratégias políticas de sobrevivência e como estudos reflexivos sobre o processo da escrita literária. Wildcat é o protagonista, bem como autor e narrador nos textos da Trilogia. Ele é também um representante do povo aborígine australiano urbano e jovem na luta pela sobrevivência em uma sociedade na qual eles foram assimilados, mas não realmente aceitos. O texto de Mudrooroo versa sobre história, cultura, luta pela sobrevivência, mas trata principalmente sobre a escrita do texto literário e o papel da literatura aborígine. Para contemplar um construto tão complexo, minha leitura busca a combinação de literatura, cultura e pensamento pós-colonial. O suporte teórico do trabalho está apoiado nas idéias de Michel Foucault sobre poder e discurso, bem como na visão de Mudrooroo sobre a escrita literária aborígine, e também sobre a noção do exótico pós-colonial de Graham Huggan. Minha análise pretende alcançar a compreensão dos mecanismos de poder que povos e indivíduos assujeitados podem colocar em uso quando têm como objetivo serem ouvidos e respeitados pelas pessoas que os vêem como “outros” e que são maioria nas sociedades nas quais vivem. A conclusão indica que relações de poder firmemente estabelecidas são de crucial importância para a sobrevivência dos povos aborígines, e que a literatura é um dos melhores meios para alcançar esta finalidade, não só para garantir sobrevivência, mas também para representá-la. / This thesis consists of a reading of Mudrooroo’s Wildcat Trilogy, focusing on the issue of Power Relations and their impact on Young Urban Australian Aborigines. The corpus of the research comprises the novels Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) and Doin Wildcat (1988). The purpose is to examine the effects of power strategies on postcolonial individuals who are subjected to and make use of mechanisms of power when establishing relationships with both their peers and other people representing authority. This discussion is carried out from within the realm of literary discourse, through the analysis of Mudrooroo’s choices and strategies in the shaping of these three novels that operate, simultaneously, as pieces of art, as political strategies of survival, and as self-reflexive studies about the process of writing. Wildcat is protagonist, author and narrator in the Trilogy. He is also a representative of the young urban Australian Aboriginal people’s struggle to survive within a society into which they have been assimilated, but not actually accepted. Mudrooroo’s text is about history, culture, struggle for survival, but it is mainly about writing and the role of Aboriginal Literature. In order to contemplate such a complex construct, my reading aims at combining postcolonial, cultural and literary concerns. The theoretical support of the work rests upon Michel Foucault’s ideas about Power and Discourse, as well as upon Mudrooroo’s views on Aboriginal Writing, and Graham Huggan’s notion of the Post-Colonial Exotic. My analysis intends to reach the understanding of the mechanisms of power that subjected peoples and individuals may put to use in order to be heard and respected by the people who see them as “Others” and are now majority in the societies they live within. Therefore, the conclusion indicates that firmly established Power Relations are central to Aboriginal people’s survival, and that Literature is one of the best means to achieve – as well as represent – it.

Esta dissertação consiste em uma leitura da Trilogia Wildcat, de Mudrooroo. O foco da leitura recai sobre as Relações de Poder e seu impacto sobre os jovens aborígines urbanos australianos. O corpus de pesquisa é formado pelos romances Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) e Doin Wildcat (1988). O objetivo é analisar os efeitos das estratégias de poder em indivíduos pós-coloniais que são sujeitos a e fazem uso de mecanismos de poder ao estabelecerem relacionamentos tanto com seus pares quanto com pessoas que representam autoridade. A discussão das relações de poder, de seus mecanismos e efeitos se dá no terreno do discurso literário, através da análise das escolhas e estratégias do autor quanto à formatação dos três romances que operam, simultaneamente, como obras de arte, como estratégias políticas de sobrevivência e como estudos reflexivos sobre o processo da escrita literária. Wildcat é o protagonista, bem como autor e narrador nos textos da Trilogia. Ele é também um representante do povo aborígine australiano urbano e jovem na luta pela sobrevivência em uma sociedade na qual eles foram assimilados, mas não realmente aceitos. O texto de Mudrooroo versa sobre história, cultura, luta pela sobrevivência, mas trata principalmente sobre a escrita do texto literário e o papel da literatura aborígine. Para contemplar um construto tão complexo, minha leitura busca a combinação de literatura, cultura e pensamento pós-colonial. O suporte teórico do trabalho está apoiado nas idéias de Michel Foucault sobre poder e discurso, bem como na visão de Mudrooroo sobre a escrita literária aborígine, e também sobre a noção do exótico pós-colonial de Graham Huggan. Minha análise pretende alcançar a compreensão dos mecanismos de poder que povos e indivíduos assujeitados podem colocar em uso quando têm como objetivo serem ouvidos e respeitados pelas pessoas que os vêem como “outros” e que são maioria nas sociedades nas quais vivem. A conclusão indica que relações de poder firmemente estabelecidas são de crucial importância para a sobrevivência dos povos aborígines, e que a literatura é um dos melhores meios para alcançar esta finalidade, não só para garantir sobrevivência, mas também para representá-la. / This thesis consists of a reading of Mudrooroo’s Wildcat Trilogy, focusing on the issue of Power Relations and their impact on Young Urban Australian Aborigines. The corpus of the research comprises the novels Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) and Doin Wildcat (1988). The purpose is to examine the effects of power strategies on postcolonial individuals who are subjected to and make use of mechanisms of power when establishing relationships with both their peers and other people representing authority. This discussion is carried out from within the realm of literary discourse, through the analysis of Mudrooroo’s choices and strategies in the shaping of these three novels that operate, simultaneously, as pieces of art, as political strategies of survival, and as self-reflexive studies about the process of writing. Wildcat is protagonist, author and narrator in the Trilogy. He is also a representative of the young urban Australian Aboriginal people’s struggle to survive within a society into which they have been assimilated, but not actually accepted. Mudrooroo’s text is about history, culture, struggle for survival, but it is mainly about writing and the role of Aboriginal Literature. In order to contemplate such a complex construct, my reading aims at combining postcolonial, cultural and literary concerns. The theoretical support of the work rests upon Michel Foucault’s ideas about Power and Discourse, as well as upon Mudrooroo’s views on Aboriginal Writing, and Graham Huggan’s notion of the Post-Colonial Exotic. My analysis intends to reach the understanding of the mechanisms of power that subjected peoples and individuals may put to use in order to be heard and respected by the people who see them as “Others” and are now majority in the societies they live within. Therefore, the conclusion indicates that firmly established Power Relations are central to Aboriginal people’s survival, and that Literature is one of the best means to achieve – as well as represent – it.

Esta dissertação consiste em uma leitura da Trilogia Wildcat, de Mudrooroo. O foco da leitura recai sobre as Relações de Poder e seu impacto sobre os jovens aborígines urbanos australianos. O corpus de pesquisa é formado pelos romances Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) e Doin Wildcat (1988). O objetivo é analisar os efeitos das estratégias de poder em indivíduos pós-coloniais que são sujeitos a e fazem uso de mecanismos de poder ao estabelecerem relacionamentos tanto com seus pares quanto com pessoas que representam autoridade. A discussão das relações de poder, de seus mecanismos e efeitos se dá no terreno do discurso literário, através da análise das escolhas e estratégias do autor quanto à formatação dos três romances que operam, simultaneamente, como obras de arte, como estratégias políticas de sobrevivência e como estudos reflexivos sobre o processo da escrita literária. Wildcat é o protagonista, bem como autor e narrador nos textos da Trilogia. Ele é também um representante do povo aborígine australiano urbano e jovem na luta pela sobrevivência em uma sociedade na qual eles foram assimilados, mas não realmente aceitos. O texto de Mudrooroo versa sobre história, cultura, luta pela sobrevivência, mas trata principalmente sobre a escrita do texto literário e o papel da literatura aborígine. Para contemplar um construto tão complexo, minha leitura busca a combinação de literatura, cultura e pensamento pós-colonial. O suporte teórico do trabalho está apoiado nas idéias de Michel Foucault sobre poder e discurso, bem como na visão de Mudrooroo sobre a escrita literária aborígine, e também sobre a noção do exótico pós-colonial de Graham Huggan. Minha análise pretende alcançar a compreensão dos mecanismos de poder que povos e indivíduos assujeitados podem colocar em uso quando têm como objetivo serem ouvidos e respeitados pelas pessoas que os vêem como “outros” e que são maioria nas sociedades nas quais vivem. A conclusão indica que relações de poder firmemente estabelecidas são de crucial importância para a sobrevivência dos povos aborígines, e que a literatura é um dos melhores meios para alcançar esta finalidade, não só para garantir sobrevivência, mas também para representá-la. / This thesis consists of a reading of Mudrooroo’s Wildcat Trilogy, focusing on the issue of Power Relations and their impact on Young Urban Australian Aborigines. The corpus of the research comprises the novels Wild Cat Falling (1965), Wildcat Screaming (1992) and Doin Wildcat (1988). The purpose is to examine the effects of power strategies on postcolonial individuals who are subjected to and make use of mechanisms of power when establishing relationships with both their peers and other people representing authority. This discussion is carried out from within the realm of literary discourse, through the analysis of Mudrooroo’s choices and strategies in the shaping of these three novels that operate, simultaneously, as pieces of art, as political strategies of survival, and as self-reflexive studies about the process of writing. Wildcat is protagonist, author and narrator in the Trilogy. He is also a representative of the young urban Australian Aboriginal people’s struggle to survive within a society into which they have been assimilated, but not actually accepted. Mudrooroo’s text is about history, culture, struggle for survival, but it is mainly about writing and the role of Aboriginal Literature. In order to contemplate such a complex construct, my reading aims at combining postcolonial, cultural and literary concerns. The theoretical support of the work rests upon Michel Foucault’s ideas about Power and Discourse, as well as upon Mudrooroo’s views on Aboriginal Writing, and Graham Huggan’s notion of the Post-Colonial Exotic. My analysis intends to reach the understanding of the mechanisms of power that subjected peoples and individuals may put to use in order to be heard and respected by the people who see them as “Others” and are now majority in the societies they live within. Therefore, the conclusion indicates that firmly established Power Relations are central to Aboriginal people’s survival, and that Literature is one of the best means to achieve – as well as represent – it.

Créée en 1959 par William S. Burroughs et Brion Gysin, la technique du cut-up repose sur le découpage et le réagencement de fragments de textes d’origines diverses. Burroughs l’applique notamment dans la « trilogie Nova », composée de The Soft Machine (1961), The Ticket That Exploded (1962) et Nova Express (1964). Ce procédé de collage littéraire, qui donne à lire un texte extrêmement fragmenté, met en jeu des questions d’ordre esthétique, poétique et politique, révélatrices des évolutions socioculturelles occidentales. Ce travail consiste en une lecture historique du cut-up, qui permet d’éclairer les mutations du collage littéraire au XXe siècle. Ainsi, le cut-up trouve ses origines dans les collages de Tristan Tzara, T.S. Eliot et John Dos Passos, mais s’en distingue à bien des titres, soulignant les caractéristiques du collage littéraire moderniste. Par ailleurs, cette technique d’écriture s’apparente, notamment sur le plan de la réflexion politique, aux travaux de ses contemporains lettristes et situationnistes dans les années cinquante et soixante. Enfin, l’émergence de prolongements du cut-up dans les années soixante-dix et quatre-vingt, aussi bien en Europe qu’aux Etats-Unis, s’observe dans des champs allant de la musique populaire à la littérature, en passant par la poésie sonore. Le cut-up s’inscrit donc dans des espaces intermédiaires, entre le pictural et le littéraire, le modernisme et le postmodernisme, l’avant-garde et la contre-culture, l’Europe et les Etats-Unis. Par les questions qu’il pose, le cut-up apparaît également comme une réflexion sur le langage et plus généralement, comme une nouvelle image de la pensée : en ce sens, il révèle ses affinités conceptuelles avec les philosophies de Jacques Derrida et de Gilles Deleuze. / Pioneered in 1959 by William S. Burroughs and Brion Gysin, the cut-up technique consists in cutting and rearranging text segments from various sources. Burroughs uses this technique most notably in The Nova Trilogy composed of The Soft Machine (1961), The Ticket That Exploded (1962) and Nova Express (1964). This literary collage process, which results in an extremely fragmented text, challenges issues of an aesthetic, poetic and political nature, and reflects the Western socio-cultural evolutions.This dissertation consists in a historical analysis of the cut-up technique, highlighting how collage methodologies used in literature have evolved during the 20th century. The cut-up method is inspired by the collage techniques used by Tristan Tzara, T.S. Eliot and John Dos Passos, but differs from them in many ways, showcasing the attributes of modernist literary collage methods. At the same time, this writing technique is related to the works by the contemporary Lettrist and Situationist movements from the fifties and the sixties, especially from a political point of view. Finally, the emergence of an extension of cut-up techniques during the seventies and the eighties, both in Europe and in the United States, can be observed in various fields, from popular music to literature, including sound poetry. Therefore, this writing technique takes its place in intermediary areas, between the pictorial and literary worlds, modernism and postmodernism, avant-garde and counterculture, Europe and the United States. Through the questions it raises, the cut-up technique also appears as a reflection on language and, more generally, as a new image of thought, and thus it reveals some of its conceptual affinities with Jacques Derrida’s and Gilles Deleuze’s philosophies.

This study considers the way in which Margaret Atwood’s post-apocalyptic MaddAddam Trilogy functions as an environmental project. The main focus is on how the three novels, Oryx and Crake (2003), The Year of the Flood (2009), and MaddAddam (2013), simultaneously draw on and destabilise the apocalypticism inherent in so much environmental discourse, primarily through the use of satire. The trilogy is securely anchored in the concerns of contemporary readers, and transposition of the action to the near future is integral to Atwood’s environmental project: attention is focussed on the present causes of anticipated environmental catastrophe, which readers implicitly are implored to avoid. Atwood’s environmentalism is performed in the interplay between her literary stature, the equivocal content of her work, and the irreverence with which she metaleptically blurs distinctions between fact and fiction, art and commodity, and activism and aesthetics. Whereas the satiric mode serves as a way of avoiding some of the limitations of apocalyptic thinking by maintaining and even creating complexity, it also renders the entire project ambiguous. Uncertainty about the exact environmental injunction presented in the trilogy creates doubts about the degree to which Atwood’s extradiegetic environmental activism should be taken seriously, or conversely. Storytelling is foregrounded in all three novels, and through its concurrent critique of and reliance on market forces and the political potential of art, the MaddAddam Trilogy demonstrates that there is no external position from which the imagination can perform environmentalist miracles. As such, Atwood’s environmental project furthers a profoundly ecological understanding of the world. / Margaret Atwood routinely eludes her readers, and the MaddAddam Trilogy is no exception. These three novels, Oryx and Crake (2003), The Year of the Flood (2009), and MaddAddam (2013), are ostensibly written in the tradition of environmental apocalypse, yet they constantly undermine its conventions through satire. This study considers the trilogy as an environmental project, performed in the interplay between Atwood’s literary stature, the ambiguous content of her work, and the irreverence with which she blurs distinctions between fact and fiction, art and commodity, and activism and aesthetics. Atwood’s use of the MaddAddam Trilogy in her real-world environmental activism creates uncertainty about how seriously both her art and her activism should be taken. Her opinions on environmental matters are legitimised, but at the same time an urgent environmental ‘message’ is presented as entertainment. Atwood’s message often appears circular: her art carries no message, but Margaret Atwood the writer does have an important message, which she gets to deliver precisely because of her art. Storytelling is a central theme in all three novels, and through both critiquing and relying on commercialism, the MaddAddam Trilogy demonstrates that there is no external position from which the imagination can perform environmentalist miracles. As such, Atwood’s environmental project furthers a profoundly ecological understanding of the world.

Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy has received substantial critical attention inthe fields of ecocriticism, the ethics of bioengineering, and feminist theory. However, the vast majority of this criticism has focussed on Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood, the first two books in the trilogy. By displacing human narrators in MaddAddam, the third and final book, Atwood re-contextualises the entire trilogy asno longer being a meticulously researched speculative fiction, and instead a type of fable, along the lines of Jean-François Lyotard’s “A Postmodern Fable.” Through this shift, Atwood asserts the need to replace the perception of a progression of metanarratives in contemporary cultural thought with concurrent, transitory micronarratives. This thesis is divided into three main sections, each examining the different communities which Atwood depicts. The first section uses the work of Zygmunt Bauman and Jean-François Lyotard on the state of knowledge in the postmodern habitat to explore how Atwood presents a fracture between scientific and narrative knowledge, which the Compounds in her novels propagate to impose a hierarchy over their citizenship. The second section moves to a more character focussed perspective, using Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s development of ‘homosocial’ triangles, it examines how the character Crake internalises the enforced societal hierarchy between scientific and narrative knowledge, and uses these non-sexual terms to perform a sexual triangle containing himself and other characters. The final section explores the shift of perspective in the third novel, and how the displacement of humanity as the centre of the narrative exposes the unsustainable position of appealing to metanarratives of progression. Through this analysis, Atwood can be seen to be exposing the fallacy that new knowledge usurps old knowledge, and that all contexts of understanding exist simultaneously, appearing, disappearing, and reappearing where they have interpretive utility.

I denna uppsats undersöks den visuella gestaltningen av Gotham City i regissören Christopher Nolans The Dark Knight Trilogy med hjälp av en komparativ analysmetod. De berättelser som utspelat sig i Gotham och Batmans relation till staden har genom åren givit den en viss karaktär. Gotham har framförallt varit platsen där brott begås och Batman bekämpar dem. Dessa karaktärsdrag har i ett antal filmer gestaltats av en mängd olika personer inom i stort sätt alla visuella medier som existerar, alla med sin egen vision av hur staden ser ut. I tidiga filmtolkningar så var gestaltningen av staden återhållsam medan den i senare gestaltats som en dystopisk mardröm. När Nolan tog sig an Batmans värld valde han istället att förankra sin vision i realismen. Men när trilogin ses i sin helhet blir det tydligt att gestaltningen av staden skiljer sig åt mellan filmerna och att varje film visar upp en ny sida av den. Med en syn på Nolans konstnärskap som grundar sig i auteurteorin men med urban studies som huvudsakliga teoretiska perspektiv undersöks i denna uppsats hur gestaltningarna av staden skiljer sig åt mellan filmerna, hur dessa skillnader påverkar vår uppfattning av staden och filmernas narrativ samt i vilket utsträckning gestaltningarna är ett resultat av Nolans vision.