Environmental factors affect fish distribution and fisher behavior. These factors are seldom included in stock assessment models, resulting in potentially inaccurate fish abundance estimates. This study determined the impact of these factors using the commercial catch rate of sauger (Sander canadensis) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Winnipeg by: (1) the use of satellite data to monitor turbidity and its impact on catch via simple linear regression and (2) the effect of environment on catch and effort using generalized linear models. No statistically significant relationship was found between catch and turbidity; a result which may be due to small sample sizes, the fish species' examined, and variable turbidity at depth. Decreased effort was correlated with harsh weather and decreased walleye catch. Increased walleye catch was correlated with low temperature and low Red River discharge. Increased sauger catch was correlated with high temperature, high cloud opacity, and average Red River discharge. / October 2006

Vid miljöövervakning av konstruktionsprojekt såsom byggnation av väg och järnväg är det vanligt att uppsatta riktvärden för grumlighet överskrids. I en genomgång av årsrapporter från infrastrukturprojektet BanaVäg i Väst visade det sig att riktvärden för grumlighet ofta sätts upp utan noggrann kartläggning av vattendragens naturliga grumlighetsnivåer. Detta arbetssätt beror förmodligen på den oklara lagstiftningen gällande riktvärden på grumlighet och på bristfälliga anvisningar för hur referensprovtagning av grumlighet bör utformas. För att komma åt problematiken med opålitliga riktvärden borde riktvärden därför anpassas till enskilda vattendrag. I detta examensarbete gjordes ett försök att ta fram en metod för att kunna sätta vattendragsanpassade riktvärden. En dynamisk modell utvecklades för att ta fram grumlighet utifrån jordbruksareal, andel lera i avrinningsområdet samt vattenflöde. Modellen gav bäst, men trots allt inte tillfredställande, resultat för vattendrag med avrinningsområden mindre än 100 km2. För vattendrag som hade ett större avrinningsområde blev modellresultaten sämre, förmodligen på grund av en komplex samverkan mellan olika drivvariabler, där vissa inte ens togs hänsyn till i modellen. För att komma vidare med vattendragsanpassade riktvärden i Sverige föreslås fortsättningsvis en omfattande nationell satsning framförallt för större värdefulla vattendrag. Denna satsning bör innefatta anpassning av mer avancerade modeller för grumlighet till svenska förhållanden. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien tydligt att det finns ett stort behov av att förbättra metoderna för att kontrollera grumlighet samt att ta fram riktvärden anpassade utifrån naturliga grumlighetsnivåer i de olika vattendragen. / It has been noticed that construction activities close to watercourses often result in turbidity values that exceed guideline values. A detailed analysis of annual reports from the Swedish infrastructure project “BanaVäg i Väst” has shown that recommended values of turbidity often are determined without consideration of natural variations in turbidity. The performance probably depends on the lack of appropriate legislation on acceptable turbidity values and on how turbidity should be monitored during construction activities. The objective of this thesis was therefore to develop a method to determine background values for turbidity as a basis for setting water system adapted reference values. In the thesis a model for turbidity was developed with agricultural area, clay content within the watershed and discharge as input variables. With the dynamic model variations in turbidity could best be explained in watercourses of watersheds less than 100 km2, but even for these watercourses the model performance remained poor. For watercourses draining larger watersheds the model performance became even poorer, most probably due to complex interactions of a variety of driving variables, of which some were not included as input variables. A recommendation is therefore a national initiative where more advanced models can be used, at least for large watercourses that are highly vulnerable, after adaption to Swedish conditions. This study clearly shows that there is an urgent need in Sweden to improve methods to monitor turbidity as well as to improve guideline values by adjusting them according to background turbidity levels.

Since the Dust Bowl, conservation agriculture has become a common practice globally. Because of the rising interest in the use of corn biomass as a feedstock for biofuel production, the effects of corn stover removal on soil erosion were explored. It was hypothesized that selective harvesting strategies would impact soil erosion differently across a variety of slopes. Soil erosion boxes were constructed, and a rainfall simulator with an intensity of 30 mm hr-1 for 46 min was used to create runoff from slopes of 1, 5, and 10% and three cover factor treatments (no removal and two simulated corn stover removal strategies). Due to research time constraints, simulated corn roots were constructed to emulate actual corn roots in all experiments. The corn stover harvest strategies change the distribution of cobs, husks, leaves, and stalks in field; these changes were represented as the cover factor treatments. Changing the type of plant material on the soil surface impacted the predicted soil erosion from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Based on the results from this study, the effect of corn stover cover percentages had a significant impact on the predicted and observed soil loss.

Aim of this thesis was to use the ozonisation as a disinfection method for improving of water quality in the intensive fish farms using RAS (recirculating aquaculture system). The main assessed parameter was effect of ozone treatment on fish health and RAS functions and features. Two RAS were used in this study one with use of ozone treatment, one without ozone treatment (control system). There were cultured two different fish species in these two RAS - pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and European catfish (Silurus glanis). The main reason for use of these two species is that they are perspective species for intensive aquaculture. In the RAS with ozone treatment, two different methods of ozone application were tested - periodical and continual application. The effect of ozone treatment on fish health and conditions was controlled regularly. Ozone treatment had positively affected the survival of both cultured species (pikeperch survival: with ozone = 77.0 % and without ozone = 67.2 %; European catfish: with ozone = 93.1 % and without ozone = 91.5 %). Ozone treatment also positively affected the water chemistry. The greatest difference was observed in CHSKMn: with ozone = 6.4?1.2 mg.l; without ozone = 10.7?1.6 mg.l. The same features were observed in suspended solids: with ozone = 4.3?2.8 mg.l-1; without ozone = 8.17?6.2 mg.l. Appearance of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and bacterial infection were not affected by ozone treatment. The main result of this thesis and this design of experiment is that ozone treatment had a positive impact on water chemistry in observed RAS and it, however, didn't kill 100% of the fish pathogens.

A utilização da Moringa oleifera (M.O) na clarificação de água seguida pela exposição solar como forma de desinfecção vem sendo usada em regiões desfavorecidas em infraestrutura e recursos financeiros. Essas tecnologias proporcionam as pessoas que habitam nessas regiões, água, de maneira fácil, autossustentável e a custo baixo. O objetivo do estudo foi de avaliar o uso conjunto da M.O na coagulação-floculação e do sistema solar na desinfeção da água para consumo humano. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa foram: a) determinar a dose de M.O na remoção da turbidez e cor aparente da água bruta; b) determinar o tempo de exposição solar necessário para a remoção de E. coli e coliformes totais presentes na água clarificada com M.O; c) identificar com a técnica delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR) quais variáveis independentes (pH, dosagem, tempo de mistura lenta e rápida) exerceram maior remoção da cor aparente e turbidez na água bruta. Na desinfeção solar foi considerado um tempo de exposição de 2, 4 e 6 horas, e para a determinação da dosagem e tempos ótimos foram realizados 28 ensaios em Jarteste. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta do DCCR do programa Statistic 8. As condições do ensaio que apresentou os melhores resultados foram: pH, 6,3; tempos de mistura rápida e lenta de 4 e 25 minutos, respectivamente; dosagem ótima de Moringa de 950 mg/L. Nestas condições, houve remoção de 80% da cor e 94% da turbidez. Adicionalmente, a clarificação com Moringa removeu 98,5 e 96,3% de coliformes totais e E. coli presentes na água bruta. A análise de variância mostrou que a dosagem ótima, os tempos de mistura rápida e lenta e a interação dos tempos de mistura lenta e rápida influenciaram na remoção da turbidez, enquanto a remoção de cor foi influenciada pela dosagem ótima e tempo de mistura lenta. As amostras com e sem filtração em filtro quantitativo de porosidade disforme (tecido de algodão de uso doméstico) foram expostas a desinfeção solar para a remoção de E. coli e coliformes totais. Houve eliminação de 64,8 e 59,7% em 2 horas; 100% e 99,7% em 4 horas e 100% em 6 horas para água não filtrada. Para água filtrada, as remoções foram de 70 e 19,2% (2 horas); 100 e 46% (4 horas) e 100% (6 horas). A desinfecção solar mostrou-se mais eficiente na exposição da água por 6 horas. Assim sendo, o uso conjunto da Moringa e da desinfeção solar em geral promoveram a clarificação e a desinfecção da água, reduzindo significativamente a turbidez e deixando-a livre de E. coli e coliformes totais. / The use of Moringa oleifera (M.O) in clarifying water followed by sunlight exposure as a means of disinfection has been used in disadvantaged areas with lack of infrastructure and financial resources. These technologies provide the people living in these regions, water in self-sustainable and cost-effective way. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combined use of M.O in coagulation-flocculation followed by solar disinfection to produce water suitable for human consumption. The specific objectives of the research were: a) to determine the optimal dose of M.O for removing turbidity and apparent color of the raw water; b) to determine the exposure time required for solar disinfection and removal from E. coli and total coliforms (TC) in the clarified water with M.O; c) to identify with the technical design central composite (CCRD) which independent variables (pH, dosage, slow and fast mixing time) had higher removal of apparent color and turbidity in the raw water. Exposure times tested in solar disinfection were 2, 4 and 6 hours. Twenty eight jartests were performed to determine the optimal dose, slow and fast mixing time and pH. Data were analyzed by CCRD Response Surface Methodology using the program Statistic 8. Test conditions that showed the best results were: pH, 6.3; fast and slow mixing times of 4 and 25 minutes, respectively; Moringa optimum dose of 950 mg/L. Under these optimal conditions, removals efficiencies for color and turbidity were, respectively, 80% of color and 94%. In additional, clarification with Moringa removed 98.5 and 96.3% of total coliforms and E. coli present in the raw water. Analysis of variance showed that the optimal dosage of the fast and slow mixing times, and the interaction of the fast and slow mixing times influenced the removal of turbidity, while the color removal was influenced by the optimum dosage and duration of slow mixing. The samples filtered in filter quantitative without unsightly porosity and were exposed to solar disinfection for removal of E. coli and total coliforms. There elimination 64.8 and 59.7% at 2 hours; 100% and 99.7% in 4 hours and 100% at 6 hours for unfiltered water. For filtered water removals were 70 and 19.2% (2 hours); 100 and 46% (4 hours) and 100% (6 h). Solar disinfection was more efficient in water exposure for 6 hours. It could be concluded that the joint use of the Moringa and solar disinfection generally promoted the clarification and disinfection of water, significantly reducing turbidity and leaving the water free of E. coli and total coliforms.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The size and persistence of the bubbles is one of the characteristics pursued by consumers of sparkling wine. The perlage is closely linked to nitrogen products, usually proteins of low molecular weight. Furthermore, bentonite and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) are glues used both in cleaning up the base wine and the sparkling wines, in other words, the fermentation in bottles, and can even drag from the liquid the phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of these two clarifiers upon the perlage, a synonym for this type of wine quality. So sparkling wines were prepared, using nine treatments and three replications; the amount of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and bentonite varied in each treatment and also a blank was made. It was analyzed total nitrogen, through Micro-Kjedahl, carbon dioxide, total phenols, oxygen, time that perlage lasts and some other classical physical-chemistry compounds. It was found that polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and bentonite additions were crucial to control turbidity of the sparkling wines; it was noted a decrease in total nitrogen when using increasing of both clarifiers. The treatments with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone alone reduced more the amounts of phenolic compounds when compared with those treated only with bentonite. This fait confirmed a higuer bounding between polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and phenols than between bentonite and phenols. The clarification reduced the time that perlage lasted in a direct relationship with the decrease of total nitrogen. Some treatments did not show a relation between carbon dioxide and perlage; perhaps the temperature that the sparkling wine was poured in the cup, the difference among the glass walls of the different cups or yet, the residues in the glass (from soap etc.) caused different sites of nucleation. / O tamanho e persistência das bolhas é uma das características buscadas pelos consumidores de vinhos espumantes. Esta perlage está intimamente ligada a produtos nitrogenados, geralmente proteínas de baixo peso molecular. Por outro lado, bentonite e polivinilpolipirrolidona (PVPP) são colas usadas tanto na limpeza do vinho base quanto na limpeza do vinho espumante propriamente dito, ou seja, na fermentação em garrafas, podendo ainda, arrastar compostos fenólicos do meio. O intuito desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ação destes dois clarificantes frente à perlage, sinônimo de qualidade deste tipo de vinho. Para isto foram elaborados vinhos espumantes, constituindo 9 tratamentos e 3 repetições, onde foram variadas as quantidades de cada clarificante, interagindo ou não em um mesmo tratamento, havendo ainda um tratamento controle sem a adição de ambos clarificantes. Foi efetuado um estudo da quantificação de nitrogênio total, através do método Micro-Kjedahl, análise de dióxido de carbono, compostos fenólicos totais, oxigênio, tempo de perlage e algumas análises físico-químicas clássicas que caracterizaram o produto. Notou-se que a adição de bentonite e polivinilpolipirrolidona foi primordial para controlar o processo de turvação dos espumantes, pois, verificou-se uma diminuição do teor de nitrogênio total a partir do aumento das doses das colas. Observou-se também que, os tratamentos com adição de polivinilpolipirrolidona reduziram o teor de compostos fenólicos totais em comparação aos que foram adicionados somente com bentonite, confirmando a capacidade de ligação mais íntima entre polivinilpolipirrolidona e fenóis que bentonite e fenóis. A clarificação reduziu o tempo de perlage em relação direta à diminuição da quantidade de nitrogênio total dos tratamentos. Em relação ao dióxido de carbono, notou-se que, em alguns tratamentos não ocorreu uma correlação entre a concentração de dióxido de carbono e a perlage. Talvez a temperatura de serviço do líquido, a diferença entre as paredes de vidro das diferenças taças ou restos de resíduos na taça gerado por detergente, tenha ocasionando distintos sítios de nucleação.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this work was to study the relationship between liquid discharge and suspended sediment discharge by various methods. The study was carried out at Menino Deus IV Fluviometric Station, located in Santa Maria/RS. It was relating to solid discharge in suspension, using all samples in full waves and without precipitation, with the liquid discharge using the integrated sampler USDH 48 and ISCO sampler punctual. The coefficient of determination of 93.4 % and 85.0 %, were obtained respectively, to the samplers USDH 48 and ISCO, can be considered a good correlation. Also were related the turbidity with the sediments concentration in suspension, obtaining the solid discharge calculated with the liquid discharge using the sampler integrator USDH 48. A correlation coefficient of 93.0 % with all samples and the ISCO 85.2 % were obtained. It was observed that the automatic measurements by turbidity become a viable alternative due to the easy to install and to possible a continuous monitoring and automatic, without the presence of a technician in place, further obtaining similar results to the traditional methods which is recommended in this study. To determine the liquid discharge, the hydrometric windlass traditional method and the acoustic method was used, using an Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP). It can be concluded that with the depths less than 0.28 m, the ADP did not execute the reading speed and the presented reading failures. Thus, for measurements in these conditions, it is suggested to use the hydrometric windlass, because it is a device that provides more detail and flexibility when handling. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as relações entre descarga líquida e descarga sólida em suspensão segundo diferentes métodos. O trabalho foi realizado na Estação Fluviométrica Menino Deus IV, localizada em Santa Maria/RS. Relacionou-se a descarga sólida em suspensão, utilizando todas as amostras em ondas de cheia e dias sem precipitação, com a descarga líquida utilizando o amostrador integrado USDH 48 e o amostrador pontual ISCO. Obteve-se coeficientes de determinação de 93,4% e 85,0%, respectivamente para os amostradores USDH 48 e ISCO, podendo ser considerada uma boa correlação. Relacionou-se também a turbidez com a concentração de sedimentos em suspensão, obtendo a descarga sólida calculada com a descarga líquida utilizando o amostrador integrador USDH 48. Obteve-se um coeficiente de correlação de 93,0% com todas as amostras e com o ISCO de 85,2%. Observou que as medições automáticas de turbidez tornam-se uma alternativa viável em função da facilidade de instalação e por possibilitar um monitoramento contínuo e automático, sem a presença de um técnico no local, além da obtenção de resultados próximos aos métodos tradicionais sendo este o recomendado neste estudo. Para a determinação da descarga líquida, utilizou-se o método tradicional do molinete hidrométrico e o método acústico, utilizando o Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP). Pode-se concluir que com as profundidades inferiores a 0,28 m, o ADP não apresentou falhas na leitura de velocidade. Assim, para medições nestas condições, sugere-se utilizar o molinete hidrométrico, pois é um equipamento que fornece mais detalhes e agilidade no momento de manuseio.

A demanda para tratamento de efluentes industriais tem sido maior a cada dia e a indústria tem buscado melhoria constante nos processos para tratamento. Nesse contexto, a eletrofloculação surge como uma técnica promissora, devido à sua eficiência, econômica e ambiental, com possibilidade de reuso da água. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o tratamento de água de produção de plataforma de petróleo, pelo processo de eletrofloculação, em reator batelada, com eletrodo de alumínio. Foi avaliada a influência de parâmetros como: condutividade, pH, intensidade de corrente aplicada e tempo de operação. O estudo teve foco na remoção de poluentes como óleos e graxas, cor, turbidez e boro. Os resultados alcançados indicam que o processo de eletrofloculação, nas condições operacionais estudadas, é uma alternativa tecnicamente viável para a remoção de óleos e graxas, cor e turbidez, obtendo remoção média de 84%, 83% e 83%, respectivamente. Entretanto, não foi observada eficiência na remoção de boro / Treatment of industrial wastewaters has grown in the last years and the industry searches continuous improvements in treatment processes. In this context, the electrofloculation comes such as a promising alternative, due to its economic and environmental efficiencies, with possibility to reuse water. This dissertation aims to study the treatment of oil production water, by electrofloculation process, with aluminum electrode, in a batch reactor. The influence of parameters such as conductivity, pH, current density and operation time was evaluated. The study focused on removal oils and greases, color, turbidity and boron. The results indicate that the process of electrofloculation is a technically viable alternative for removal of oils and greases, color and turbidity, obtaining removal average of 84%, 83% and 83%, respectively. However, it wasnt efficient to remove boron

Les mesures de l'éclairement solaire direct reçu au sol en incidence normale (DNI) par des pyrhéliomètres ou instruments équivalents incluent l'éclairement provenant de l'angle solide du disque solaire (DNIS) et celui provenant d'une région angulaire circumsolaire plus large, appelé éclairement circumsolaire (CSNI). Les instruments ont des demi-angles d'ouverture équivalents variant entre 2,5° et 5°, soit un ordre de grandeur plus grand que le demi-angle du disque solaire. Quant aux demi-angles des systèmes de production d'énergie concentrant les rayons solaires, ils sont plus grands que le demi-angle du disque solaire, et plus petits que ceux des instruments. Par consequent, le CSNI doit être connu pour une estimation précise du DNI. Cette thèse contribue à la connaissance et à la modélisation des éclairements direct et circumsolaire en milieu désertique par conditions de ciel clair. Après avoir déterminé les propiétés optiques des aérosols les plus influentes, le modèle numérique de transfert radiatif libRadtran a été utilisé pour modéliser le CSNI et le DNIS. Un modèle paramétrique simplifié et très rapide a été développé qui reproduit les résultats de libRadtran. Il estime le ratio circumsolaire (CSR), soit le rapport entre le CSNI et la somme du CSNI et du DNIS, à partir de mesures standards du DNI et de l'éclairement diffus. A partir du DNI mesuré et de CSR modélisé, le CSNI et le DNIS peuvent être estimés pour tout demi-angle entre 0,4° et 5°. Le modèle a été validé pour deux stations de mesure, dans les Emirats Arabes Unis et en Algérie. / Routine measurements of the broadband direct normal irradiance (DNI), i.e. beam irradiance at normal incidence, by means of pyrheliometers or equivalent pyranometric systems include the irradiance originating from within the extent of the solar disc (DNIS) and that from a larger circumsolar region, called the circumsolar normal irradiance (CSNI). Such instruments have equivalent aperture half-angles between 2.5° and 5° which are one order of magnitude greater than the angular radius of the solar disc. The equivalent aperture half-angles of the concentrated solar powered systems are greater than the angular radius of the solar disc, but smaller than that of the measuring systems. Therefore, information on the CSNI should be provided for an improved assessment of the DNI. The objective of this PhD thesis is to contribute to an improved assessment of the beam and circumsolar radiation under cloud-free conditions in a desert environment. After selecting the aerosol optical properties of significance, the radiative transfer model libRadtran was used to model the CSNI and DNIS. A fast and simple parametric model which mimics the libRadtran values is proposed. This model uses standard measurements of the DNI and the diffuse horizontal irradiance as inputs to estimate the circumsolar ratio (CSR) for any aperture half-angle between 0.4° and 5°. The CSR is the ratio of the CSNI to the sum of the CSNI and the DNIS. Knowing the CSR and having the measured DNI, the CSNI and the DNIS can be computed.

A utilização da Moringa oleifera (M.O) na clarificação de água seguida pela exposição solar como forma de desinfecção vem sendo usada em regiões desfavorecidas em infraestrutura e recursos financeiros. Essas tecnologias proporcionam as pessoas que habitam nessas regiões, água, de maneira fácil, autossustentável e a custo baixo. O objetivo do estudo foi de avaliar o uso conjunto da M.O na coagulação-floculação e do sistema solar na desinfeção da água para consumo humano. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa foram: a) determinar a dose de M.O na remoção da turbidez e cor aparente da água bruta; b) determinar o tempo de exposição solar necessário para a remoção de E. coli e coliformes totais presentes na água clarificada com M.O; c) identificar com a técnica delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR) quais variáveis independentes (pH, dosagem, tempo de mistura lenta e rápida) exerceram maior remoção da cor aparente e turbidez na água bruta. Na desinfeção solar foi considerado um tempo de exposição de 2, 4 e 6 horas, e para a determinação da dosagem e tempos ótimos foram realizados 28 ensaios em Jarteste. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta do DCCR do programa Statistic 8. As condições do ensaio que apresentou os melhores resultados foram: pH, 6,3; tempos de mistura rápida e lenta de 4 e 25 minutos, respectivamente; dosagem ótima de Moringa de 950 mg/L. Nestas condições, houve remoção de 80% da cor e 94% da turbidez. Adicionalmente, a clarificação com Moringa removeu 98,5 e 96,3% de coliformes totais e E. coli presentes na água bruta. A análise de variância mostrou que a dosagem ótima, os tempos de mistura rápida e lenta e a interação dos tempos de mistura lenta e rápida influenciaram na remoção da turbidez, enquanto a remoção de cor foi influenciada pela dosagem ótima e tempo de mistura lenta. As amostras com e sem filtração em filtro quantitativo de porosidade disforme (tecido de algodão de uso doméstico) foram expostas a desinfeção solar para a remoção de E. coli e coliformes totais. Houve eliminação de 64,8 e 59,7% em 2 horas; 100% e 99,7% em 4 horas e 100% em 6 horas para água não filtrada. Para água filtrada, as remoções foram de 70 e 19,2% (2 horas); 100 e 46% (4 horas) e 100% (6 horas). A desinfecção solar mostrou-se mais eficiente na exposição da água por 6 horas. Assim sendo, o uso conjunto da Moringa e da desinfeção solar em geral promoveram a clarificação e a desinfecção da água, reduzindo significativamente a turbidez e deixando-a livre de E. coli e coliformes totais. / The use of Moringa oleifera (M.O) in clarifying water followed by sunlight exposure as a means of disinfection has been used in disadvantaged areas with lack of infrastructure and financial resources. These technologies provide the people living in these regions, water in self-sustainable and cost-effective way. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combined use of M.O in coagulation-flocculation followed by solar disinfection to produce water suitable for human consumption. The specific objectives of the research were: a) to determine the optimal dose of M.O for removing turbidity and apparent color of the raw water; b) to determine the exposure time required for solar disinfection and removal from E. coli and total coliforms (TC) in the clarified water with M.O; c) to identify with the technical design central composite (CCRD) which independent variables (pH, dosage, slow and fast mixing time) had higher removal of apparent color and turbidity in the raw water. Exposure times tested in solar disinfection were 2, 4 and 6 hours. Twenty eight jartests were performed to determine the optimal dose, slow and fast mixing time and pH. Data were analyzed by CCRD Response Surface Methodology using the program Statistic 8. Test conditions that showed the best results were: pH, 6.3; fast and slow mixing times of 4 and 25 minutes, respectively; Moringa optimum dose of 950 mg/L. Under these optimal conditions, removals efficiencies for color and turbidity were, respectively, 80% of color and 94%. In additional, clarification with Moringa removed 98.5 and 96.3% of total coliforms and E. coli present in the raw water. Analysis of variance showed that the optimal dosage of the fast and slow mixing times, and the interaction of the fast and slow mixing times influenced the removal of turbidity, while the color removal was influenced by the optimum dosage and duration of slow mixing. The samples filtered in filter quantitative without unsightly porosity and were exposed to solar disinfection for removal of E. coli and total coliforms. There elimination 64.8 and 59.7% at 2 hours; 100% and 99.7% in 4 hours and 100% at 6 hours for unfiltered water. For filtered water removals were 70 and 19.2% (2 hours); 100 and 46% (4 hours) and 100% (6 h). Solar disinfection was more efficient in water exposure for 6 hours. It could be concluded that the joint use of the Moringa and solar disinfection generally promoted the clarification and disinfection of water, significantly reducing turbidity and leaving the water free of E. coli and total coliforms.